{"id":10695,"date":"2015-06-08T00:26:27","date_gmt":"2015-06-08T00:26:27","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/harissa.com\/news-wp\/?p=10695"},"modified":"2015-06-07T18:32:02","modified_gmt":"2015-06-07T18:32:02","slug":"loffensive-europeenne-pour-la-paix-nest-pas-realiste","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/harissa.com\/news-wp\/loffensive-europeenne-pour-la-paix-nest-pas-realiste\/","title":{"rendered":"L&rsquo;Offensive Europ\u00e9enne pour la Paix n&rsquo;est pas R\u00e9aliste"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\n\tL&#39;Offensive Europ&eacute;enne pour la Paix n&#39;est pas R&eacute;aliste<\/p>\n<p>\n\t&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\n\tpar Pr Efraim Inbar, professeur d&#39;&eacute;tudes politiques &agrave; l&#39;universit&eacute; Bar Ilan, directeur au Centre d&#39;&eacute;tudes strat&eacute;giques Begin-Sadate<\/p>\n<p>\n\tTraduit par Albert Soued, http:\/\/soued.chez.com pour www.nuitdorient.com&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\n\t&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\n\t<strong>R&eacute;sum&eacute;<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\n\tLes intentions europ&eacute;ennes sont &agrave; louer, mais sont tr&egrave;s &eacute;loign&eacute;es des r&eacute;alit&eacute;s du terrain au Moyen Orient. Le partage de ce minuscule territoire d&#39;Isra&euml;l entre Juifs et Arabes est souhaitable, mais le mouvement national palestinien a &nbsp;prouv&eacute; &agrave; plusieurs reprises qu&#39;il n&#39;&eacute;tait pas le bon partenaire pour r&eacute;aliser cette partition, et il est largement responsable de l&#39;&eacute;chec de la solution &agrave; 2 &eacute;tats. Aujourd&#39;hui, il n&#39;y a pas d&#39;autre issue que la gestion du conflit pour avoir une chance de r&eacute;duire la souffrance des deux c&ocirc;t&eacute;s et parvenir &agrave; un minimum de stabilit&eacute; dans le chaos moyen oriental.<\/p>\n<p>\n\t&#8212;<\/p>\n<p>\n\tAu &nbsp;bout d&#39;un si&egrave;cle, les Europ&eacute;ens ont d&eacute;cid&eacute; que le conflit arabo-isra&eacute;lien en Terre Sainte devait prendre fin. Federica Mogherini, repr&eacute;sentante de l&#39;Union Europ&eacute;enne (UE) pour les Affaires Etrang&egrave;res, est venue en Isra&euml;l pour faire conna&icirc;tre l&#39;impatience de l&#39;UE vis &agrave; vis de l&#39;impasse des n&eacute;gociations. La France a signal&eacute; son intention de porter l&#39;affaire devant le Conseil de S&eacute;curit&eacute; des Nations Unies dans un d&eacute;lai de 18 mois, pour fixer les param&egrave;tres d&#39;une solution du conflit.&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\n\tLes intentions europ&eacute;ennes sont &agrave; louer, mais sont tr&egrave;s &eacute;loign&eacute;es des r&eacute;alit&eacute;s du terrain au Moyen Orient. Le partage de ce minuscule territoire d&#39;Isra&euml;l entre Juifs et Arabes est souhaitable, mais le mouvement national palestinien a &nbsp;prouv&eacute; &agrave; plusieurs reprises qu&#39;il n&#39;&eacute;tait pas le bon partenaire pour r&eacute;aliser cette partition, et il est largement responsable de l&#39;&eacute;chec de la solution &agrave; 2 &eacute;tats. Ce mouvement semble incapable d&#39;atteindre un compromis historique avec le mouvement sioniste. Il insiste encore pour contr&ocirc;ler en toute exclusivit&eacute; le Mont du Temple, pour appliquer la &quot;loi du retour&quot; pour ses r&eacute;fugi&eacute;s, pour &eacute;liminer toute pr&eacute;sence juive en Jud&eacute;e-Samarie&#8230;. Son syst&egrave;me m&eacute;diatique et d&#39;&eacute;ducation perp&eacute;tue le conflit en enseignant la haine du Juif et en d&eacute;nigrant tout lien du Juif avec la Terre d&#39;Isra&euml;l.<\/p>\n<p>\n\tLe foss&eacute; qui s&eacute;pare Isra&eacute;liens et Palestiniens s&#39;&eacute;largit de plus en plus et ne peut &ecirc;tre r&eacute;duit en un clin d&#39;oeil. Il est totalement irr&eacute;aliste de s&#39;attendre &agrave; un accord sur les points essentiels, &agrave; court terme.<\/p>\n<p>\n\t&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\n\tLes conflits ethnico-religieux prennent fin d&#39;habitude quand une partie au moins montre une certaine lassitude. Mais l&#39;am&egrave;re v&eacute;rit&eacute; est que les soci&eacute;t&eacute;s isra&eacute;liennes et palestiniennes ont encore beaucoup d&#39;&eacute;nergie pour se battre pour ce qu&#39;elles consid&egrave;rent comme important. L&#39;Europe &eacute;prouve beaucoup de difficult&eacute; &agrave; comprendre que la paix n&#39;est pas encore une valeur importante pour les 2 parties.<\/p>\n<p>\n\tDe plus, les Palestiniens n&#39;ont pas r&eacute;ussi &agrave; saisir les opportunit&eacute;s offertes pour construire un &eacute;tat. L&#39;&eacute;chec le plus cinglant a &eacute;t&eacute; la perte du monopole d&#39;usage de la force, lors de la perte par Ramallah de la bande de Gaza, au profit du Hamas en 2007. Tant que la Hamas joue un r&ocirc;le central dans les affaires palestiniennes, il n&#39;y aura aucune possibilit&eacute; de r&eacute;conciliation avec Isra&euml;l. Ce qu&#39;on constate sur le territoire palestinien est un reflet du monde arabe, la disparition des structures &eacute;tatiques. La culture politique arabe semble incapable d&#39;arriver &agrave; bout des diff&eacute;rences d&#39;identit&eacute;s tribales, ethniques ou sectaires, pour pouvoir &eacute;tablir un &eacute;tat.<\/p>\n<p>\n\t&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\n\tL&#39;Autorit&eacute; Palestinienne (AP) en Cisjordanie n&#39;est pas diff&eacute;rente des autres entit&eacute;s arabes, comme la Libye, l&#39;Irak, la Syrie, le Y&eacute;men&#8230;, incapables de gouverner sur leur territoire.<\/p>\n<p>\n\tL&#39;AP et son gouvernement ne survivent que gr&acirc;ce aux ba&iuml;onnettes isra&eacute;liennes, qui les prot&egrave;gent des extr&eacute;mistes qui ne cherchent qu&#39;&agrave; renverser le pouvoir ill&eacute;gitime de Mahmoud Abbas, non r&eacute;&eacute;lu. Ceci est la base de la coop&eacute;ration s&eacute;curitaire entre l&#39;AP et Isra&euml;l. Sur le plan &eacute;conomique, l&#39;AP est aussi d&eacute;pendante d&#39;Isra&euml;l et de la coop&eacute;ration de celui-ci avec les pays donateurs.<\/p>\n<p>\n\t&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\n\tMais surtout l&#39;AP refuse d&#39;accepter Isra&euml;l comme un &eacute;tat juif, et c&#39;est le principal sujet de discorde dans l&#39;histoire du conflit arabo-isra&eacute;lien.<\/p>\n<p>\n\tSous l&#39;autorit&eacute; du 1er ministre Menahem Begin, Isra&euml;l a reconnu en 1978, les droits l&eacute;gitimes su peuple palestinien, mais il n&#39;y a jamais eu depuis de reconnaissance r&eacute;ciproque. De plus, l&#39;islamisme croissant dans la soci&eacute;t&eacute; palestinienne, &agrave; l&#39;image de toute la r&eacute;gion, emp&ecirc;che tout progr&egrave;s dans ce domaine. Les Palestiniens nient en outre tout droit l&eacute;gitime du peuple juif sur la Terre d&#39;Isra&euml;l et ceci entra&icirc;ne le renforcement du consensus isra&eacute;lien sur le fait que le pays n&#39;a pas de partenaire s&eacute;rieux pour faire la paix.<\/p>\n<p>\n\t&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\n\tLe chaos dans le monde arabe a aussi durci les positions d&#39;Isra&euml;l dans les n&eacute;gociations. En effet dans ces conditions toute situation politique peut changer au gr&eacute; du vent, mettant en danger le pays et la s&eacute;curit&eacute; des fronti&egrave;res devient un imp&eacute;ratif intangible. Ainsi la pr&eacute;sence juive le long du Jourdain est une n&eacute;cessit&eacute; vitale. Il est regrettable que les Palestiniens n&#39;aient pas actualis&eacute; leurs positions pour tenir compte des changements survenus dans la r&eacute;gion. Mais leurs revendications maximalistes oblit&egrave;rent tout r&eacute;alisme politique et cr&eacute;ent l&#39;impasse dans tout r&egrave;glement du conflit. Dans ces conditions, ladite &quot;solution &agrave; 2 &eacute;tats&quot; dont tout le monde semble enclin, est totalement irr&eacute;aliste, en toute simplicit&eacute;. &nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\n\t&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\n\tL&#39;an dernier, le 1er ministre Benjamin Netanyahou a accept&eacute; avec r&eacute;ticence un document de travail soumis par les Am&eacute;ricains pour sauver la situation. Mahmoud a refus&eacute; cette initiative, mettant fin &agrave; tout effort diplomatique am&eacute;ricain. M&ecirc;me la derni&egrave;re concession isra&eacute;lienne &#8212; volont&eacute; de n&eacute;gocier les limites des blocs d&#39;implantations&#8211; n&#39; a pas satisfait les Palestiniens. Tout au long des ann&eacute;es ceux-ci ont rejet&eacute; toutes les offres g&eacute;n&eacute;reuses faites par Barak en 2000, Olmert en 2008, et Netanyahou ne peut pas faire mieux qu&#39;il n&#39;a d&eacute;j&agrave; fait.<\/p>\n<p>\n\tAinsi une r&eacute;solution du conflit est illusoire. On ne peut parvenir qu&#39;&agrave; des accords int&eacute;rimaires, tacites ou formels, &agrave; condition qu&#39;ils ne mettent pas en p&eacute;ril la s&eacute;curit&eacute; du pays. La gestion du conflit est la seule approche r&eacute;aliste pour r&eacute;duire les souffrances des 2 parties et parvenir &agrave; un &nbsp;minimum de stabilit&eacute; dans le chaos environnant.<\/p>\n<p>\n\t&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\n\tL&#39;offensive europ&eacute;enne pour imposer une paix est un exercice diplomatique futile qui ne peut qu&#39;&eacute;chouer, m&ecirc;me s&#39;il est l&#39;occasion de forums successifs. Mais ces &eacute;checs ne semblent pas d&eacute;courager des diplomates dont c&#39;est la raison honorable de vivre. Le Quartet essaiera lui aussi de donner un coup de main. Nous souhaitons &agrave; tous bonne chance &#8230;<\/p>\n<p>\n\t&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\n\t&#8212;-<\/p>\n<p>\n\tThe Unrealistic European Peace Offensive&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\n\t&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\n\tby Prof. Efraim Inbar, professor of political studies at Bar-Ilan University, is the director of the Begin-Sadat Center for Strategic Studies, and a fellow at the Middle East Forum.<\/p>\n<p>\n\tSource: http:\/\/besacenter.org\/perspectives-papers\/the-unrealistic-european-peace-offensive\/&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\n\tBESA Center Perspectives Paper No. 300<\/p>\n<p>\n\t&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\n\tEXECUTIVE SUMMARY: European intentions may be laudable, but seem far removed from Middle Eastern realities. While partition of the Land of Israel between the Jews and the Arabs living in this small part of the world is desirable, the Palestinian national movement has proved to be the wrong partner to implement partition and is largely responsible for the failure of the two state solution. Conflict management is the only approach that has a chance to minimize suffering on both sides and achieve a modicum of stability in a stormy Middle East.<\/p>\n<p>\n\t&#8212;<\/p>\n<p>\n\tThe Europeans have decided that the Arab-Israeli conflict in the Holy Land, now over one century long, must finally end. The High Representative of the European Union (EU) for Foreign Affairs Federica Mogherini came to Israel last week to convey EU impatience with the impasse in Israeli-Palestinian negotiations. France has signaled its intention to bring the matter to the UN Security Council in order to delineate the parameters for conflict resolution within 18 months.<\/p>\n<p>\n\t&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\n\tEuropean intentions may be laudable, but seem far removed from Middle Eastern realities. While partition of the Land of Israel between the Jews and the Arabs living in this small part of the world is desirable, the Palestinian national movement has proved to be the wrong partner to implement partition and is largely responsible for the failure of the two state solution.<\/p>\n<p>\n\t&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\n\tThe Palestinian national movement seems unable to reach a historic compromise with the Zionist movement. It still insists on exclusive control of the Temple Mount, on a &ldquo;right of return&rdquo; for refugees, and on removal of all Jewish presence in Judea and Samaria. Its media and education system perpetuates the conflict by teaching hatred of Jews and denigrating their links to the Land of Israel. Indeed, the gap in positions between Israelis and Palestinians is extremely large and cannot be bridged overnight. It is totally unrealistic to expect an agreement on final status issues in the near future.<\/p>\n<p>\n\t&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\n\tEthno-religious conflicts usually end when at least one of the sides displays great weariness. But the bitter truth is that Israeli and Palestinian societies still have energies to fight for what is important to them. Europeans have difficulty understanding that peace is not necessarily the most important value for Israelis and Palestinians.<\/p>\n<p>\n\t&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\n\tIn addition, Palestinians have failed to capitalize on the opportunity to build a state. The most remarkable failure and most devastating to the state-building attempt was the loss of monopoly over the use of force. This led to chaos and to the loss of Gaza to Hamas in 2007. As long as Hamas plays a central role in Palestinian affairs, no real Israeli-Palestinian reconciliation is possible. What happened in the Palestinian territories reflects a phenomenon widespread in the Arab world &ndash; the collapse of statist structures. Arab political culture seems unable to sustain statist structures and overcome tribal and sectarian identities<\/p>\n<p>\n\t&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\n\tThe Palestinian Authority in the West Bank is not that different from Arab political entities, such as Libya, Iraq, Syria, or Yemen, who are unable to govern effectively their territories. The PA and its leadership are basically relying on Israeli bayonets to make sure that PA-ruled territory is clear of radical violent elements that want to topple the illegitimate rule of Mahmoud Abbas. This is the essence of the security cooperation between Israel and the PA. Economically, the PA is also dependent upon interactions with Israel and Israel&rsquo;s cooperation with donor states.<\/p>\n<p>\n\t&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\n\tAbove all, the Palestinians refuse to accept Israel as a Jewish state &ndash; a core issue in the history of the Arab-Israel conflict. While Israel, under the leadership of Prime Minister Menachem Begin, recognized the &ldquo;legitimate rights of the Palestinian people&rdquo; in 1978, the Palestinians still have not reciprocated. Moreover, the increasing appeal of Islamic elements in Palestinian society, a phenomenon reflecting regional trends, makes the acceptance of the Jewish State increasingly difficult. Palestinian denial of the legitimate right of the Jewish people to the Land of Israel only reinforces a broad Israeli consensus that the Palestinians are not a serious partner for peacemaking.<\/p>\n<p>\n\t&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\n\tThe turmoil in the Arab world has also hardened Israeli positions in negotiations with the Palestinians. Political circumstances may change suddenly in the Middle East, making defensible borders an imperative. Israeli presence along the Jordan River is a vital security requirement for Israel. It is a pity that the Palestinians have not yet internalized this change and do not calibrate their aspirations to the realities on the ground. Unfortunately, realism is hardly part of the maximalist Palestinian political culture.<\/p>\n<p>\n\t&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\n\tTherefore, the Israeli-Palestinian protracted conflict remains intractable. The two state solution to which everybody pays lip service is simply not a realistic outcome under the current circumstances.<\/p>\n<p>\n\t&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\n\tLast year, Prime Minister Binyamin Netanyahu accepted reluctantly a working paper submitted by the US in order to save the negotiations with the Palestinians. But Mahmoud Abbas refused to accept the American document, effectively ending the American diplomatic efforts. As expected, Netanyahu&rsquo;s latest concession &ndash; willingness to negotiate the borders of the settlement blocs &ndash; did not satisfy Palestinian demands. Over the years, the Palestinians have rejected generous offers by then-prime ministers Ehud Barak (2000) and Ehud Olmert (2008). Obviously, Netanyahu cannot do better.<\/p>\n<p>\n\t&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\n\tTherefore, a resolution to the conflict is not in the cards. The best that can be achieved is interim agreements, tacit or formal, that do not entail grave security risks for Israel. Conflict management is the only approach that has a chance to minimize suffering on both sides and achieve a modicum of stability in a stormy Middle East.<\/p>\n<p>\n\t&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\n\tThe European peace offensive, another exercise in futile diplomacy, will in all probability produce another bout of diplomatic activism in pursuit of another forum for an Israeli-Palestinian exchange of views that will similarly fail. Such failures hardly discourage professional diplomats who make an honorable living by trying to bring peace. Probably, the Quartet also will try its hand at peacemaking. We should wish all of them luck.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>L&#39;Offensive Europ&eacute;enne pour la Paix n&#39;est pas R&eacute;aliste &nbsp; par Pr Efraim Inbar, professeur d&#39;&eacute;tudes politiques &agrave; l&#39;universit&eacute; Bar Ilan, directeur au Centre d&#39;&eacute;tudes strat&eacute;giques Begin-Sadate Traduit par Albert Soued, http:\/\/soued.chez.com pour www.nuitdorient.com&nbsp; &nbsp; R&eacute;sum&eacute; Les intentions europ&eacute;ennes sont &agrave; louer, mais sont tr&egrave;s &eacute;loign&eacute;es des r&eacute;alit&eacute;s du terrain au Moyen Orient. Le partage de&hellip;&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":19738,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"neve_meta_sidebar":"","neve_meta_container":"","neve_meta_enable_content_width":"","neve_meta_content_width":0,"neve_meta_title_alignment":"","neve_meta_author_avatar":"","neve_post_elements_order":"","neve_meta_disable_header":"","neve_meta_disable_footer":"","neve_meta_disable_title":"","_themeisle_gutenberg_block_has_review":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[171,220,214,404,19,29,27,63,11,156,141,15,1,468],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-10695","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-albert-soued","category-contact-details","category-ehud-barak","category-ehud-olmert","category-europe","category-gaza","category-hamas","category-mahmoud-abbas","category-moyen-orient","category-person-career","category-ramallah","category-religion","category-uncategorized","category-war"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/harissa.com\/news-wp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10695","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/harissa.com\/news-wp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/harissa.com\/news-wp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/harissa.com\/news-wp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/harissa.com\/news-wp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=10695"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/harissa.com\/news-wp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10695\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/harissa.com\/news-wp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/19738"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/harissa.com\/news-wp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=10695"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/harissa.com\/news-wp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=10695"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/harissa.com\/news-wp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=10695"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}