{"id":1961,"date":"2011-06-20T16:56:11","date_gmt":"2011-06-20T16:56:11","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/harissa.com\/news-wp\/?p=1961"},"modified":"2011-06-20T16:56:11","modified_gmt":"2011-06-20T16:56:11","slug":"un-peintre-tune-declenche-une-tempete-a-la-knesset","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/harissa.com\/news-wp\/un-peintre-tune-declenche-une-tempete-a-la-knesset\/","title":{"rendered":"Un peintre tune d\u00e9clenche une temp\u00eate \u00e0 la Knesset"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\n\t&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><center class=\"bbcode\"><br \/>\n\t<strong><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span style=\"color: rgb(255, 0, 0);\">L&#39;arbre g&eacute;n&eacute;alogique<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/center><br \/>\n<\/p>\n<p>\n\tComment il se fait qu&#39;une paisible famille palestinienne des ann&eacute;es 1930 se trouve au centre d&#39;une temp&ecirc;te politique d&#39;Isra&euml;l en 2011&#8230;.<\/p>\n<p>\tRona Sela<\/p>\n<p>\t<span style=\"font-size: medium;\">Le photographe.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>\tLe tableau intitul&eacute; &quot;Le propri&eacute;taire de l&#39;Orangeraie&quot;, qui a &eacute;t&eacute; achet&eacute; pour la collection de la Knesset, &agrave; caus&eacute;, ces derniers temps, une temp&ecirc;te car il repr&eacute;sente une famille palestinienne photographi&eacute;e &agrave; la fin des ann&eacute;es 30 du si&egrave;cle dernier. Cette photographie a &eacute;t&eacute; prise par Elia Qahwadjian, un arm&eacute;nien n&eacute; en Turquie en 1910.Enfant,il a surv&eacute;cu a la tuerie des arm&eacute;niens entreprise par les turcs. Durant la marche de la mort, sa m&egrave;re l&#39;a confi&eacute; &agrave; un kurde du nom de Bedrahem, apr&egrave;s avoir perdu, durant la marche, trois de ses enfants car elle avait compris vers quelle fin cette marche les menait.<\/p>\n<p>\tApres une marche difficile, et apr&egrave;s la mort de la plupart des membres de sa famille, Qahwadjian arriva &agrave; Nazareth, gr&acirc;ce &agrave; l&#39;aide de<br \/>\n\tla Soci&eacute;t&eacute; am&eacute;ricaine pour le Proche-Orient. Son amour de la photographie, il le tient de Borossian, enseignant &agrave; l&#39;internat de Nazareth, dans lequel il a v&eacute;cu et dont il a suivi les cours.<\/p>\n<p>\tCet amour, il l&#39;a acquis &agrave; 16 ans &agrave; J&eacute;rusalem. Qahwadjian a appris la photographie aupr&egrave;s de photographes arm&eacute;niens : Yosef Tomian et Gerbar Krikorian. Puis il commen&ccedil;a &agrave; travailler dans le studio des fr&egrave;res Hanania, photographes arabes chr&eacute;tiens.<br \/>\n\tLes arm&eacute;niens &eacute;taient les pr&eacute;curseurs locaux en mati&egrave;re de photographie, dans la premi&egrave;re moiti&eacute; du 19e si&egrave;cle et Qahwadjian continua cette belle tradition. En 1940, il acheta le studio des fr&egrave;res Hanania ; il &eacute;tait un photographe f&eacute;cond et connu et il ouvrit deux autres studios, au bout de la rue Jaffa, &agrave; c&ocirc;t&eacute; de l&#39;h&ocirc;tel Fast. Dans ce quartier, il y avait beaucoup de studios de photographie parmi lesquels ceux de Khalil Raad,Kerkorian et Miltar Sabides.<\/p>\n<p>\tApr&egrave;s la guerre de 1948, le quartier devient un&quot; no man&rsquo;s land&quot;.Sur les conseils d&#39;amis de l&#39;arm&eacute;e britannique, Qahwadjian r&eacute;ussit &agrave; sauver, &agrave; temps,les n&eacute;gatifs ainsi que le contenu de son studio et en ouvre un nouveau dans le quartier chr&eacute;tien de la Vieille Ville.<\/p>\n<p>\tLe studio, depuis, se trouve au m&ecirc;me endroit,et son fils Kvorak et son petit-fils Elie,continuent l&#39;activit&eacute; de leur p&egrave;re et grand-p&egrave;re.<br \/>\n\tToute sa vie,Qahwadjian a particip&eacute; &agrave; la lutte de la soci&eacute;t&eacute; arabe ,en Isra&euml;l,et il a t&eacute;moign&eacute; de la vie, au jour le jour,dans les collines et les villages : joueurs d&#39;&eacute;checs, femmes aupr&egrave;s d&#39;une source, labours, march&eacute;s du vendredi, cueillette des oranges et autres sc&egrave;nes, pour la plupart autour de J&eacute;rusalem, mais aussi en dehors de cette zone, dans le port de Jaffa, par exemple. Jusqu&#39;&agrave; ce jour, on peut acheter ces photos au studio de Qahwadjian, photos d&eacute;velopp&eacute;es &agrave; partir des n&eacute;gatifs originaux.<\/p>\n<p>\tIl poss&egrave;de peu de photographies de l&#39;ancienne communaut&eacute; juive de J&eacute;rusalem et il a &eacute;vit&eacute; de photographier la communaut&eacute; juive nouvellement arriv&eacute;e. Cependant, Qahwadjian a t&eacute;moign&eacute;, quelquefois, des r&eacute;sultats de la lutte nationale contre les juifs, par exemple, en photographiant les v&eacute;hicules juifs d&eacute;truits, et laiss&eacute;s le long de la route &agrave; Bab El Oued.<\/p>\n<p>\t<span style=\"font-size: medium;\">Le peintre.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>\tLe tableau, expos&eacute; a la Knesset, a &eacute;t&eacute; peint par Elihaou Eric Bokobza, ancien pharmacien, n&eacute; a Paris en 1963, de parents immigr&eacute;s de Tunisie.<\/p>\n<p>\tDe m&ecirc;me que pour Qahwadjian, lui aussi a chang&eacute; de pays durant son enfance. Bokobza d&eacute;crit la nostalgie de sa m&egrave;re, pour son pays natal, alors qu&#39;elle ne s&#39;&eacute;tait pas habitu&eacute;e &agrave; sa vie nouvelle, &agrave;Paris, et qu&#39;elle se voyait comme une orientale. Il n&rsquo;&eacute;tait pas possible de retourner &agrave; Tunis, aussi r&eacute;alisa-t-elle le r&ecirc;ve de son p&egrave;re, sioniste et Administrateur de la Communaut&eacute; Isra&eacute;lite, en &eacute;migrant en Isra&euml;l.<\/p>\n<p>\tBokobza est d&eacute;fini par Tali Tamir, la conservatrice de l&#39;exposition qui a eu lieu au Musee Nahum Gutman, comme le dernier des artistes d&#39;origine orientale, de l&#39;Ecoles des Beaux-Arts Bezalel de J&eacute;rusalem. Et lui continue, d&#39;une mani&egrave;re fictive, en s&#39;associant a leur identit&eacute;, &agrave; l&#39;action de ce groupe d&#39;&eacute;l&egrave;ves, d&#39;origine orientale, qui ont &eacute;tudi&eacute; durant les deux premi&egrave;res d&eacute;cennies de son &eacute;tablissement &#8211; au d&eacute;but du si&egrave;cle dernier -et qui ont &eacute;t&eacute; &eacute;cart&eacute;s du centre de l&#39;activit&eacute; artistique isra&eacute;lienne.<\/p>\n<p>\tSon amour de l&#39;oeuvre de Nahum Gutman lui a &eacute;t&eacute; transmis par sa m&egrave;re, Sylvie, qui avait accroch&eacute;, dans son appartement, des reproductions de ses oeuvres repr&eacute;sentant des sc&egrave;nes de la vie a Jaffa qui lui rappelaient la vie &agrave; Tunis. Elle avait offert, &agrave; son fils, pour (l&#39;anniversaire de) ses 21 ans, un livre de reproductions de Nahum Gutman avec la d&eacute;dicace suivante : <i>&quot;Je voudrais que, jusqu&#39;&agrave; 120 ans, tu continues &agrave; regarder le monde avec la m&ecirc;me na&iuml;vet&eacute; que Nahum Gutman et que, comme lui, tu continues &agrave; la peindre&quot;.<\/i><\/p>\n<p>\tEt c&#39;est ainsi que Bokobza le fait mais avec un regard sans na&iuml;vet&eacute;. Ravi des prouesses de Gutman, qu&rsquo;il per&ccedil;oit d&#39;un regard affectueux et admiratif, de sa richesse et de sa puissance. Mais, en m&ecirc;me temps, il explore les sujets, les symboles et le contexte des oeuvres de Gutman, d&#39;un regard &eacute;veill&eacute; et critique.<\/p>\n<p>\tBokobza s&#39;int&eacute;resse &agrave; la fa&ccedil;on par laquelle la ville de Jaffa, ses vergers et ses orangeraies sont repr&eacute;sent&eacute;s.<\/p>\n<p>\tPour Gutman et la majorit&eacute; des personnes de sa g&eacute;n&eacute;ration, ces images appartiennent &agrave; l&#39;imagerie sioniste. Et Bokobza leur rend leur identit&eacute; arabe. Au moyen des photographies d&#39;&eacute;poque, comme la photo du portrait de famille de Qahawdjian, prise dans les archives du photographe, il r&eacute;introduit, dans la m&eacute;moire collective isra&eacute;lienne, les propri&eacute;taires d&#39;orangeraies de Jaffa, ainsi que la ville et ses habitants.<\/p>\n<p>\tBokobza s&#39;int&eacute;resse aux images effac&eacute;es de la m&eacute;moire isra&eacute;lienne, tout en cr&eacute;ant un dialogue, &agrave; niveaux multiples avec Gutman, figure-cl&eacute; de l&#39;art isra&eacute;lien. Il pose des questions sur la complexit&eacute; de la vie, dans un pays ou deux peuples s&#39;agrippent &agrave; la m&ecirc;me terre, sur leur rencontre et par del&agrave;, traite de l&#39;histoire de la repr&eacute;sentation, en images, du conflit isra&eacute;lo-palestinien.<\/p>\n<p>\t<span style=\"font-size: medium;\">Le d&eacute;put&eacute; de la Knesset<\/span><\/p>\n<p>\tLa temp&ecirc;te que le d&eacute;put&eacute; Arieh Eldad (Union Nationale) a provoqu&eacute;e, &agrave; la suite de l&#39;achat par la Knesset, nous renseigne sur le long chemin parcouru par la soci&eacute;t&eacute; isra&eacute;lienne. Il y a quelques ann&eacute;es, le mot Nakba n&#39;&eacute;tait pas en usage et la pr&eacute;sence palestinienne, avant 1948, &eacute;tait tr&egrave;s peu pr&eacute;sente dans la conscience isra&eacute;lienne. De plus, la photographie ou la peinture d&#39;une famille palestinienne d&#39;avant 1948, sur fond d&#39;orangeraie, n&rsquo;aurait pas cr&eacute;&eacute; un d&eacute;bat sur la Nakba, comme le fait aujourd&rsquo;hui le d&eacute;put&eacute; Eldad.<\/p>\n<p>\tDes g&eacute;n&eacute;rations de &quot;sabras&quot;- isra&eacute;liens n&eacute;s en Isra&euml;l &#8211; ont grandi avec la l&eacute;gende &quot;d&#39;un pays sans peuple, pour un peuple sans pays&quot; et sur la notion de&quot;faire fleurir le d&eacute;sert&quot;, tout en refusant de reconna&icirc;tre la pr&eacute;sence de palestiniens dans le pays.<\/p>\n<p>\tLes institutions sionistes se sont servi d&#39;images pour propager largement ces messages, avant la cr&eacute;ation de l&#39;&eacute;tat, et m&ecirc;me apr&egrave;s.<br \/>\n\tMais, aujourd&rsquo;hui, m&ecirc;me les images banales de photographes et de peintres, isra&eacute;liens ou palestiniens, d&eacute;crivant des sc&egrave;nes quotidiennes de la soci&eacute;t&eacute; palestinienne, sont per&ccedil;ues comme li&eacute;es a la catastrophe de la Nakba, et elles r&eacute;introduisent la pr&eacute;sence de la vie palestinienne, images qui existaient et qui, aujourd&#39;hui, ont presque totalement disparu.<\/p>\n<p>\tIl n&#39;est plus besoin de repr&eacute;senter la catastrophe elle-m&ecirc;me, ou ses cons&eacute;quences &#8211; fuite, expulsions, r&eacute;fugi&eacute;s, implantations juives dans des maisons arabes &#8211; et autres &#8230; Il suffit d&#39;une image comme celle-ci : portrait d&#39;un groupe, ou des images banales &#8211; r&eacute;colte de c&eacute;r&eacute;ales, vendanges, cueillettes d&#39;olives, joueurs d&#39;&eacute;checs, pause-caf&eacute;, artisans au travail, pour montrer aux isra&eacute;liens, ce qu&rsquo;ils per&ccedil;oivent consciemment ou non, la fracture subie par le peuple palestinien.<br \/>\n\tCe changement important, dans la connaissance collective isra&eacute;lienne, est en train de se produire, surtout dans la derni&egrave;re d&eacute;cennie, bien que ses racines soient plus anciennes.<br \/>\n\tEt depuis cet instant, durant lequel chaque peuple conna&icirc;t l&#39;histoire de l&#39;autre peuple, la trag&eacute;die et les catastrophes qu&#39;il a subies, il sera peut-&ecirc;tre possible d&rsquo;engager un dialogue raisonnable sur le futur de la r&eacute;gion.<\/p>\n<p>\tDr.Rona Sela<\/p>\n<p>\n\t<i>L&#39;article en anglais, traduit de l&#39;article original dans Haaretz en h&eacute;breu.<\/i><\/p>\n<p>\tPublished 11:08 17.06.11<\/p>\n<p><center class=\"bbcode\"><br \/>\n\t<br \/>\n\t<span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span style=\"color: rgb(255, 0, 0);\">The family tree<\/span><\/span><\/center><br \/>\n<\/p>\n<p>\n\tHow a Palestinian family from 1930s Jaffa ended up in the heart of a 2011 Israeli political storm.<\/p>\n<p>\t<span style=\"font-size: medium;\">The photographer<\/span><\/p>\n<p>\tThe painting &ldquo;The Citrus Grower,&rdquo; whose recent acquisition for display in the Knesset caused a storm, is based on a portrait of a Palestinian family from Jaffa in the 1930s. The original photograph was taken by Elia Kahvedjian, a survivor of the Armenian genocide. He was born in Turkey in 1910, and experienced the death march with his family. He was saved by a Kurd whom they encountered along the way. His mother, who understood where they were headed &minus; and who had already lost three other children since the start of the march &minus; gave Elia, then a young child, to the Kurdish man to save him.<\/p>\n<p>\tAfter an arduous journey, and the loss of most of his family, Kahvedjian finally arrived in Nazareth with the help of the American Aid Association for the Near East. He got his love of photography from Borosian, a teacher at his boarding school in Nazareth. When he turned 16, this love took Kahvedjian to Jerusalem, where he studied photography with the Armenian photographers Joseph Toumaian and Garabed Krikorian, and later started to work at the shop of the Hannania brothers, Christian-Arab photographers.<\/p>\n<p>\tThe Armenians were among the local photography pioneers in Palestine in the second half of the 19th century, and Kahvedjian continued this glorious legacy. In 1940, he bought the shop from the Hannania brothers, and thereafter became a very active and successful photographer, opening two more shops at the end of Jaffa Road, near the Fast Hotel. There were numerous such shops in this area, including those owned by photographers Chalil Raad, Garabed Krikorian and Militad Savvides. After the war in 1948, the area became a no-man&rsquo;s land. Alerted in advance, before the war, by friends in the British army, Kahvedjian was able to save his negatives and the contents of the store in time, and he opened a photography studio in the Christian Quarter of the Old City. The store has been located in the same place ever since and the work there has been carried on by Kahvedjian&rsquo;s son Kevork and his grandson Elli.<\/p>\n<p>\tThroughout his life Kahvedjian was involved in Arab society in Palestine and documented scenes of daily life in cities and villages &minus; chess games, women at a well, the plowing season, a Friday market, the orange harvest and more &minus; many of them near Jerusalem, but also elsewhere, such as the Jaffa port. Copies of these photographs, produced from the original negatives, may still be purchased at Kahvedjian&rsquo;s studio. He did not document the Old Jewish community of Jerusalem and avoided photographing the new Jewish-Zionist settlement. At the same time, Kahvedjian sometimes documented the consequences of the Arab struggle against the Jews, such as Jewish vehicles that were damaged and left by the side of the road in Bab el-Wad &rlm;(known by Israelis as Sha&rsquo;ar Hagay, on the road to Jerusalem).<\/p>\n<p>\t<span style=\"font-size: medium;\">The painter<\/span><\/p>\n<p>\tThe painting that was hung in the Knesset was done by Eliahou Eric Bokobza, a former pharmacist, who was born in Paris in 1963, the son of Tunisian immigrants. Like Kahvedjian, he came to live in the country as a child. Bokobza speaks of his mother Silvie&rsquo;s longing for the East; she had never been at home in Paris, and felt that she really belonged in the Orient. When she saw that returning to her beloved Tunisia was not an option, she instead fulfilled the dream of her father, who was an ardent Zionist and treasurer of the Jewish community in Tunis.<\/p>\n<p>\tTali Tamir, curator of the exhibition of his works at the Nahum Gutman Museum of Art in Tel Aviv, describes Bokobza as &ldquo;the last of the Oriental painters of the Bezalel school.&rdquo; Because of the difference in periods, he can be associated only in a fictitious way to this group of students of Mizrahi (Middle Eastern or north African) background, who studied at the old Bezalel Arts Academy in the first two decades of its existence at the beginning of the 20th century, and who were excluded from the canon of Israeli art; yet they shared the same identity.<\/p>\n<p>\tBokobza inherited his love of Nahum Gutman&rsquo;s work from his mother, who had reproductions of his work from Jaffa hanging in her home, for they reminded her of her life in Tunisia. For her son&rsquo;s 21st birthday, she gave him a book of Gutman reproductions, inscribed with the following dedication: &ldquo;May you continue until 120 to look upon the world with the same innocent gaze of Gutman and to continue, like him, to paint the world.&rdquo;<\/p>\n<p>\tAnd so he did but with a gaze devoid of innocence. While Bokobza clearly has deep affection and admiration for Gutman&rsquo;s work, is inspired by its boldness and draws on its richness and intensity, he casts a more critical and sober eye on its contents, symbols and contexts. He follows the city of Jaffa, its orchards and orange groves, which for Gutman and his contemporaries were mostly affiliated with Zionist images &minus; and returns these scenes to the history of the Palestinian entity. By means of historic photographs, like the Kahvedjian family portrait taken from the photographer&rsquo;s own archive &minus; he also returns the Palestinian identity of Jaffa, including its orchards and people, to the Israeli public consciousness.<\/p>\n<p>\tBokobza deals with images that have been erased from the Israeli collective memory, while conducting a dialogue on many different levels with Gutman, one of the main figures in Israeli art. He raises questions about the complexity of life in a country where two peoples cling to the same land, about the encounter between them and especially about the history of the representation of the conflict.<\/p>\n<p>\t<span style=\"font-size: medium;\">The Knesset member<\/span><\/p>\n<p>\tThe storm stirred up by MK Aryeh Eldad (National Union) following the recent acquisition of the Bokobza painting for the Knesset reflects the way Israeli society has evolved. Until just a few years ago, the word &ldquo;Nakba&rdquo; (meaning &ldquo;catastrophe&rdquo;) was not in regular use in Israel, and the Palestinian presence before 1948 hardly existed in the Israeli consciousness. Moreover, a photograph or painting of a Palestinian family from before 1948, against the backdrop of an orchard, would not have precipitated a discussion of the Nakba, as MK Eldad has done now.<\/p>\n<p>\tGenerations of Israelis were raised on the ethos of &ldquo;a land without a people for a people without a land,&rdquo; and of Israelis making the wilderness bloom, while suppressing the existence of the Palestinian people in the country. The national institutions of the Yishuv (pre-state Jewish community) made extensive use of visual imagery to spread these ideas both before and after the state&rsquo;s founding. But today, everyday images by photographers and painters, both Israeli and Palestinian, depicting mundane scenes of Palestinian society, allude to the Nakba and immortalize the Palestinian life that has been largely erased. There is no need to show the disaster itself or its consequences: mass flight, expulsion, refugee-hood, Jewish settlement in Palestinian houses, and so on. One image is enough &minus; a group portrait, or other everyday images, such as a crop harvest, olive picking, a chess game, a coffee break, laborers in action, etc. &minus; to reflect in Israeli eyes, whether consciously or not, the crisis experienced by the Palestinian people.<\/p>\n<p>\tThis important change in consciousness has been taking place in Israeli society mostly in the last decade, though its roots date back much earlier. And from this position, in which each people recognizes the history of the other and the tragedies and disasters it has experienced it is perhaps possible to start a sane discussion about the region&rsquo;s future.<\/p>\n<p>\tDr. Rona Sela is a curator and researcher whose focus is the visual aspect of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict.<\/p>\n<p>\n\t[<a href=\"http:\/\/www.haaretz.com\/weekend\/magazine\/the-family-tree-1.368240\" target=\"_blank\">www.haaretz.com<\/a>]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>&nbsp; L&#39;arbre g&eacute;n&eacute;alogique Comment il se fait qu&#39;une paisible famille palestinienne des ann&eacute;es 1930 se trouve au centre d&#39;une temp&ecirc;te politique d&#39;Isra&euml;l en 2011&#8230;. Rona Sela Le photographe. Le tableau intitul&eacute; &quot;Le propri&eacute;taire de l&#39;Orangeraie&quot;, qui a &eacute;t&eacute; achet&eacute; pour la collection de la Knesset, &agrave; caus&eacute;, ces derniers temps, une temp&ecirc;te car il repr&eacute;sente&hellip;&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":15907,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"neve_meta_sidebar":"","neve_meta_container":"","neve_meta_enable_content_width":"","neve_meta_content_width":0,"neve_meta_title_alignment":"","neve_meta_author_avatar":"","neve_post_elements_order":"","neve_meta_disable_header":"","neve_meta_disable_footer":"","neve_meta_disable_title":"","_themeisle_gutenberg_block_has_review":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[12,1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1961","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-israel","category-uncategorized"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/harissa.com\/news-wp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1961","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/harissa.com\/news-wp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/harissa.com\/news-wp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/harissa.com\/news-wp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/harissa.com\/news-wp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1961"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/harissa.com\/news-wp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1961\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/harissa.com\/news-wp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/15907"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/harissa.com\/news-wp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1961"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/harissa.com\/news-wp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1961"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/harissa.com\/news-wp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1961"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}