{"id":2217,"date":"2015-10-20T23:02:24","date_gmt":"2015-10-20T23:02:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/harissa.com\/news-wp\/?p=2217"},"modified":"2015-10-21T01:09:16","modified_gmt":"2015-10-21T01:09:16","slug":"tunisie-bourguiba-et-lislam-de-lotfi-hajji","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/harissa.com\/news-wp\/tunisie-bourguiba-et-lislam-de-lotfi-hajji\/","title":{"rendered":"Tunisie: \u00abBourguiba et l\u2019islam\u00bb de Lotfi Hajji"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\n\t&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"titre\">\n\tTunisie: &laquo;Bourguiba et l&rsquo;islam&raquo; de Lotfi Hajji (*)<\/h2>\n<p>\n\t&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\n\t&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\n\t&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\n\t&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\n\t&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\n\t&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\n\t&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\n\t&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><li class=\"auteur\">\n\t\tUne synth&egrave;se de<a href=\"mailto:webmaster@webmanagercenter.com\"> Mohamed . Bouamoud<\/a><\/li>\n<\/p>\n<p>\n\t&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\n\t&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\n\t&nbsp;<\/p>\n<li class=\"contenu\">\n<p>\n\t\t\t<b>I &ndash; Une certaine la&iuml;cit&eacute;<\/b><\/p>\n<p>\t\t\tParu en 2005 dans sa version originale (arabe litt&eacute;raire), cet ouvrage de grande importance, aujourd&rsquo;hui r&eacute;&eacute;dit&eacute; dans une version fran&ccedil;aise assur&eacute;e par Sihem Bouzgarrou Ben Ghachem, tombe &agrave; point nomm&eacute;, en cette p&eacute;riode d&eacute;licate que nous traversons, pour nous &eacute;clairer davantage sur la perception bourguibienne de l&rsquo;islam, mais aussi sur l&rsquo;&eacute;quation (inextricable?) islam\/modernit&eacute;.<\/p>\n<p>\t\t\tApr&egrave;s une introduction o&ugrave; l&rsquo;auteur &eacute;voque les pol&eacute;miques houleuses ayant oppos&eacute; <a href=\"http:\/\/www.webmanagercenter.com\/management\/article.php?id=104070&amp;tousok=1\" target=\"_blank\">Bourguiba<\/a> aux Cheikhs Ben El Baz (grand mufti d&rsquo;Arabie Saoudite) et El Qardhaoui &agrave; propos d&rsquo;un discours du leader tunisien jug&eacute; un affront &agrave; l&rsquo;islam, l&rsquo;ouvrage aborde vite la question de la la&iuml;cit&eacute; telle que pr&ocirc;n&eacute;e par le premier pr&eacute;sident de la Tunisie ind&eacute;pendante.<\/p>\n<p>\t\t\tEt d&rsquo;abord, pourquoi est-ce que la la&iuml;cit&eacute; (vocable &ndash;et concept&ndash; paru en 1873 puis devenu une loi fran&ccedil;aise en 1905) n&rsquo;en finit pas de faire parler d&rsquo;elle? L&rsquo;auteur &eacute;crit: &laquo;Si l&rsquo;Eglise en tant qu&rsquo;institution n&rsquo;avait pas eu un droit de regard sur les choix collectifs communautaires, ni la latitude de suspendre ou de s&rsquo;ing&eacute;rer dans les d&eacute;cisions de l&rsquo;Etat, le concept de la la&iuml;cit&eacute; n&rsquo;aurait pas connu cette p&eacute;rennit&eacute; dans les soci&eacute;t&eacute;s occidentales. L&rsquo;homme de religion avait en effet le droit de confisquer la libert&eacute; de penser et celle de la conscience sous pr&eacute;texte de pr&eacute;server la foi&raquo;. Et d&rsquo;ajouter, citant Borh&egrave;ne Ghalioun: &laquo;Suite aux invasions barbares et germaniques, et &agrave; la destruction de l&rsquo;Empire occidental, l&rsquo;Eglise s&rsquo;empara du centre de pouvoir dans l&rsquo;ordre social. Elle imposa &agrave; la soci&eacute;t&eacute; un r&eacute;gime inflexible d&eacute;savouant th&eacute;oriquement les int&eacute;r&ecirc;ts profan&eacute;s, terrestres, le corps, et abrogea l&rsquo;esprit, soumis &agrave; son ascendant absolu et restrictif&raquo;.<\/p>\n<p>\t\t\tEnsuite, y avait-il dans le projet bourguibien &lsquo;&lsquo;un id&eacute;al la&iuml;c&rsquo;&rsquo; qu&rsquo;il e&ucirc;t &eacute;t&eacute; tent&eacute; de mettre &agrave; ex&eacute;cution? L&rsquo;auteur r&eacute;ponde: &laquo;L&rsquo;approche islamiste cherchait ce qui pourrait &ecirc;tre compar&eacute; &agrave; celui d&rsquo;Atat&uuml;rk. Point recueillant l&rsquo;unanimit&eacute; puisque tous les analystes avaient convenu que Mustapha Kamel tenta de reproduire une la&iuml;cit&eacute; &agrave; la fran&ccedil;aise, elle-m&ecirc;me cons&eacute;quente de la R&eacute;volution qui s&rsquo;&eacute;tait oppos&eacute;e &agrave; une alliance historique entre l&rsquo;Etat et l&rsquo;Eglise. Cette alliance attesta de l&rsquo;impossibilit&eacute; de constituer un espace politique nouveau sans d&eacute;truire les structures cl&eacute;ricales r&eacute;gissant toutes les cat&eacute;gories des pouvoirs publics&raquo;. Et un peu plus loin: &laquo;Pour relire le projet de Bourguiba, les islamistes d&eacute;ploy&egrave;rent un z&egrave;le singulier pour brosser une image st&eacute;r&eacute;otyp&eacute;e le d&eacute;crivant comme un pi&egrave;tre disciple d&rsquo;Atat&uuml;rk afin de l&eacute;gitimer leurs attaques permanentes contre lui et de mobiliser des partisans de cette d&eacute;marche. D&rsquo;ailleurs, la conclusion &agrave; laquelle les chantres de ce mouvement aboutirent et la politique qu&rsquo;ils adopt&egrave;rent furent irrationnelles. Ils opt&egrave;rent pour une strat&eacute;gie bas&eacute;e essentiellement sur l&rsquo;affrontement continu, non &eacute;tablie sur ses positions politiques dict&eacute;es par les contingences variables&raquo;.<\/p>\n<p>\n\t\t\tSuit un long passage o&ugrave; l&rsquo;auteur fait remarquer que Bourguiba avait certes de l&rsquo;admiration pour Atat&uuml;rk (&laquo;Il admirait ses positions politiques, sa formation militaire et son action pendant les guerres auxquelles il avait pris part&raquo;), et conclut que &laquo;cette admiration pour Atat&uuml;rk est, dans une certaine mesure, une admiration pour sa propre personne, parce qu&rsquo;il r&eacute;ussit &agrave; trouver des d&eacute;nominateurs communs avec les grands leaders qui inscrivirent leurs noms dans l&rsquo;histoire de l&rsquo;humanit&eacute;&raquo;.<\/p>\n<p>\t\t\tMais ici prend fin la similitude (s&rsquo;il y en a une) entre Bourguiba et Atat&uuml;rk. &laquo;Atat&uuml;rk est le symbole du combattant, non des r&eacute;formateurs&raquo;, &eacute;crivait le leader tunisien dans un journal &agrave; la suite du d&eacute;c&egrave;s du leader turc. L&rsquo;auteur, &agrave; trois niveaux, dresse plut&ocirc;t les divergences entre les deux hommes. Celui rattach&eacute; &agrave; la religion est de tout int&eacute;r&ecirc;t: &laquo;Le leader turc croyait &agrave; tort que les croyances religieuses avaient entra&icirc;n&eacute; la d&eacute;ch&eacute;ance et le d&eacute;clin du Califat ottoman; c&rsquo;est pourquoi il veilla &agrave; dissocier la Turquie de son pass&eacute; culturel et civilisationnel (&hellip;) A ce stade, Bourguiba s&rsquo;&eacute;rigea en d&eacute;fenseur de la religion musulmane et condamna la lecture d&rsquo;Atat&uuml;rk&raquo;.<\/p>\n<p>\t\t\t&laquo;Le changement ne peut pas s&rsquo;accomplir par la r&eacute;pression, il intervient quand la soci&eacute;t&eacute; consent &agrave; &eacute;changer les &eacute;quilibres existants contre d&rsquo;autres plus concrets qui lui permettent de les ma&icirc;triser. Quand les r&eacute;formes sont impos&eacute;es par des lois, la soci&eacute;t&eacute; peut se rebeller&raquo;.<\/p>\n<p>\t\t\t(*) Sud Editions, 290 pages, 18 dinars.&nbsp;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<p>\n\t&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\n\t&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\n\t&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\n\t&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\n\t&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>&nbsp; Tunisie: &laquo;Bourguiba et l&rsquo;islam&raquo; de Lotfi Hajji (*) &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; Une synth&egrave;se de Mohamed . Bouamoud &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; I &ndash; Une certaine la&iuml;cit&eacute; Paru en 2005 dans sa version originale (arabe litt&eacute;raire), cet ouvrage de grande importance, aujourd&rsquo;hui r&eacute;&eacute;dit&eacute; dans une version fran&ccedil;aise assur&eacute;e par Sihem Bouzgarrou&hellip;&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":16017,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"neve_meta_sidebar":"","neve_meta_container":"","neve_meta_enable_content_width":"","neve_meta_content_width":0,"neve_meta_title_alignment":"","neve_meta_author_avatar":"","neve_post_elements_order":"","neve_meta_disable_header":"","neve_meta_disable_footer":"","neve_meta_disable_title":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[59,9,1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2217","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-arabie-saoudite","category-tunisie","category-uncategorized"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.6 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Tunisie: \u00abBourguiba et l\u2019islam\u00bb de Lotfi Hajji | HARISSA.COM<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Harissa a pour but de reunir, preserver et presenter l&#039;histoire et la culture des Juifs Tunisiens. 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