{"id":30498,"date":"2026-09-30T16:55:46","date_gmt":"2026-09-30T16:55:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/harissa.com\/news-wp\/?p=30498"},"modified":"2026-09-30T16:55:46","modified_gmt":"2026-09-30T16:55:46","slug":"la-derniere-yeshiva-du-monde-arabe-la-ghriba-de-djerba","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/harissa.com\/news-wp\/la-derniere-yeshiva-du-monde-arabe-la-ghriba-de-djerba\/","title":{"rendered":"La derniere Yeshiva du monde Arabe : La Ghriba de Djerba"},"content":{"rendered":"<div>\n<div>\n<div>\n<div>\n<div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<hr\/>\n<div>\n<div>\n<div>\n<p>\u00a0<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" alt=\"wpe89840.gif (37070 bytes)\" height=\"175\" src=\"https:\/\/harissa.com\/D_Communautes\/images\/ladern5.gif\" width=\"225\"\/><\/p>\n<p> <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" alt=\"wpe92178.gif (27788 bytes)\" height=\"175\" src=\"https:\/\/harissa.com\/D_Communautes\/images\/ladern6.gif\" width=\"225\"\/><\/p>\n<p> <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" alt=\"wpe33260.gif (28645 bytes)\" height=\"175\" src=\"https:\/\/harissa.com\/D_Communautes\/images\/ladern7.gif\" width=\"225\"\/><\/p>\n<p><b>La Ghriba est l\u2019\u00e2me et le ciment de la plus ancienne communaut\u00e9 juive du Maghreb, la seule qui, r\u00e9sistant aussi bien \u00e0 l\u2019assimilation qu\u2019\u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9migration vers Isra\u00ebl ou vers la France, r\u00e9ussit \u00e0 vivre, aujourd\u2019hui encore, suivant des coutumes et des rites anciens de plusieurs mill\u00e9naires. Dans le temple au murs carrel\u00e9s de c\u00e9ramiques \u00e0 dominante bleue et blanche, des rabbins v\u00eatus du costume djerbien traditionnel &#8211; le pantalon bouffant ou sarouel gris, bord\u00e9 d\u2019un bandeau noir, signe de deuil en marque d\u2019exil, la chechia pos\u00e9e \u00e0 l\u2019arri\u00e8re du cr\u00e2ne pour signaler leur diff\u00e9rence &#8211; psalmodient toute la journ\u00e9e en h\u00e9breu et en aram\u00e9en pour maintenir les vibrations spirituelles du lieu de culte. La deuxi\u00e8me pi\u00e8ce, celle o\u00f9 se trouve la Sefer Thora (les tables de la loi) et o\u00f9 l\u2019on c\u00e9l\u00e8bre le shabbat, est si sacr\u00e9e que l\u2019on doit se d\u00e9chausser pour y entrer. M\u00eame les quelques touristes de passage, semblent y \u00e9prouver une forme subtile d\u2019exaltation mystique. <br \/> La veille de la procession, les p\u00e8lerins affluent. Ils viennent de Tunis, de Paris et du monde entier. D\u00e8s le matin, ils allument des bougies pour tous les \u00eatres chers qui n\u2019ont pas pu les accompagner. Les rabbins r\u00e9citent des pri\u00e8res et b\u00e9nissent des fruits secs, symboles d\u2019abondance et de fertilit\u00e9, et de la Boukha, eau de vie de figue, qui sont ensuite distribu\u00e9s \u00e0 la ronde. Cette coutume qui accompagne la visite des lieux saints en Afrique du Nord est d\u2019ailleurs partag\u00e9e par les musulmans.<\/b><\/p>\n<p><b> &#8230; sur un lieu sacr\u00e9<\/b><b><br \/> Parmi tous les lieux de culte d\u2019Afrique du Nord, la Ghriba est consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme le plus sacr\u00e9. \u201cC\u2019est l\u2019antichambre de J\u00e9rusalem\u201d, entend-on souvent dire \u00e0 Djerba. Selon la tradition orale des rabbins de Tunisie, l\u2019histoire de ce lieu saint remonterait \u00e0 la destruction du premier temple de J\u00e9rusalem par le roi Nabuchodonosor, en 565 avant l\u2019\u00e8re chr\u00e9tienne. Les serviteurs du temple, les Cohanims (pluriel de Cohen), ayant \u00e9chapp\u00e9 au massacre, r\u00e9ussirent \u00e0 emporter l\u2019une des portes (ou \u00e9tait-ce une dalle ?) du temple. <br \/> Ils s\u2019enfuirent en bateau, en suivant la route (o\u00f9 \u00e9taient-ils simplement pouss\u00e9s par les vents\u00a0?) des Ph\u00e9niciens b\u00e2tisseurs de Carthage, et celle d\u2019Ulysse qui, retenu \u00e0 Djerba par des fleurs enivrantes, lui avait donn\u00e9 le nom d\u2019Ile des Lotophages. <br \/> Les Cohanims choisirent donc cette \u00eele aux mille f\u00e9\u00e9ries qui, croulant sous les arbres fruitiers, n\u00e9fliers, p\u00eachers, figuiers, \u00e9voquait pour eux le jardin d\u2019Eden. Ils y battirent la premi\u00e8re synagogue d\u2019Afrique sous laquelle ils c\u00e9l\u00e8brent la pr\u00e9cieuse relique du temple. La synagogue actuelle, \u00e9rig\u00e9e au si\u00e8cle dernier, le fut sur le m\u00eame emplacement. Rejoints au fil des si\u00e8cles par les descendants des autres tribus d\u2019Isra\u00ebl, les juifs de Djerba convertirent au judaisme les tribus berb\u00e8res locales &#8211; dont la plupart seront ult\u00e9rieurement islamis\u00e9es par les Arabes. <br \/> Le mot <\/b><i><b>Ghriba<\/b><\/i><b> signifie l\u2019\u00e9trang\u00e8re, l\u2019\u00e9tonnante, la solitaire. Une autre l\u00e9gende dit que la synagogue devrait son nom \u00e0 une tr\u00e8s belle femme venue de nulle part, qui aurait install\u00e9 sa hutte \u00e0 peu de distance du village juif de Hara Sghira. Cette femme aurait \u00e9t\u00e9 entour\u00e9e d\u2019une aura de saintet\u00e9 et elle aurait eu des dons miraculeux de gu\u00e9rison. Elle ne fut cependant jamais totalement accept\u00e9e par la communaut\u00e9. Un jour, les villageois crurent voir un feu du c\u00f4t\u00e9 de sa hutte, mais ils n\u2019intervinrent pas, de peur qu\u2019elle ne se livre \u00e0 des activit\u00e9s de sorcellerie. Le lendemain, ils trouv\u00e8rent l\u2019\u00e9trang\u00e8re morte dans sa hutte d\u00e9truite par les flammes, mais son corps \u00e9tait intact. Les villageois, regrettant leur attitude auraient alors b\u00e2ti la synagogue sur l\u2019emplacement de la hutte et le pouvoir miraculeux de l\u2019\u00e9tonnante \u00e9trang\u00e8re, agirait toujours. Mais officiellement, le p\u00e8lerinage c\u00e9l\u00e8bre l\u2019anniversaire de la mort de deux \u00e9minents rabbins kabbalistes : Rabbi Meyer Baal Nich, homme de miracles, et Rabbi Shim\u00e9on Bar Yohai, \u00e0 qui les juifs d\u2019Afrique du Nord attribuent l\u2019un des commentaires du <\/b><i><b>Zohar<\/b><\/i><b> &#8211; le livre des Splendeurs -, l\u2019un des grands ouvrages de la mystique juive. <br \/> La Ghriba est situ\u00e9e pr\u00e8s du \u201cpetit quartier juif\u201d, Hara Sghira, o\u00f9 vivent pr\u00e8s de cinquante familles, les descendants des Cohanims qui presque tous travaillent \u00e0 la Ghriba. Les descendants des autres tribus d\u2019Isra\u00ebl &#8211; ils sont encore plus de huit cents &#8211; vivent \u00e0 Hara Kebira, le \u201cgrand quartier juif\u201d, situ\u00e9 dans la banlieue d\u2019Houmt Souk. Il y a quelques ann\u00e9es, ces derniers exer\u00e7aient encore de nombreuses professions, \u00e0 Djerba : il y avait des moulins \u00e0 grain mus par des chameaux, un tisserand pour les taleths, une imprimerie tr\u00e8s active. Aujourd\u2019hui, \u00e0 part un teinturier, quelques tailleurs et quelques menuisiers, les juifs de Hara Kebira sont tous orf\u00e8vres. <br \/> Les deux communaut\u00e9s vivent s\u00e9par\u00e9es. Les juifs de Hara Kebira, qui sont plus riches et se consid\u00e8rent comme plus au fait de la religion que leurs cousins de Hara Sghira, ne viennent \u00e0 la Ghriba que pour le p\u00e8lerinage et les mariages. Le reste de l\u2019ann\u00e9e, ils consacrent beaucoup de temps \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9tude des textes sacr\u00e9s dans les nombreuses petites synagogues de leur quartier qui compte encore trois <i>yeshivot<\/i> (\u00e9coles religieuses). <\/b> <\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/harissa.com\/news-wp\/la-derniere-yeshiva-du-monde-arabe-la-ghriba-de-djerba-2\/\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" alt=\"arrowredblack.jpg (2456 bytes)\" height=\"100\" src=\"https:\/\/harissa.com\/harissa\/arrowredblack.jpg\" width=\"100\"\/><\/a><\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<hr\/>\n<blockquote>\n<blockquote><\/blockquote>\n<\/blockquote>\n<h6><\/h6>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u00a0 La Ghriba est l\u2019\u00e2me et le ciment de la plus ancienne communaut\u00e9 juive du Maghreb, la seule qui, r\u00e9sistant aussi bien \u00e0 l\u2019assimilation qu\u2019\u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9migration vers Isra\u00ebl ou vers la France, r\u00e9ussit \u00e0 vivre, aujourd\u2019hui encore, suivant des coutumes et des rites anciens de plusieurs mill\u00e9naires. Dans le temple au murs carrel\u00e9s de c\u00e9ramiques&hellip;&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":0,"featured_media":31673,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"neve_meta_sidebar":"","neve_meta_container":"","neve_meta_enable_content_width":"","neve_meta_content_width":0,"neve_meta_title_alignment":"","neve_meta_author_avatar":"","neve_post_elements_order":"","neve_meta_disable_header":"","neve_meta_disable_footer":"","neve_meta_disable_title":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[494,9],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-30498","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-communautes","category-tunisie"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.6 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>La derniere Yeshiva du monde Arabe : La Ghriba de Djerba | HARISSA.COM<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u00a0 La Ghriba 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