{"id":37581,"date":"2026-10-03T03:33:01","date_gmt":"2026-10-03T03:33:01","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/harissa.com\/news-wp\/?p=37581"},"modified":"2026-10-03T03:33:01","modified_gmt":"2026-10-03T03:33:01","slug":"commentaires-doctobre-2004-archive-jusquau-03-octobre-2004","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/harissa.com\/news-wp\/commentaires-doctobre-2004-archive-jusquau-03-octobre-2004\/","title":{"rendered":"Commentaires d’Octobre 2004 : Archive jusqu’au 03\/octobre\/2004"},"content":{"rendered":"

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\"Haut\"Message\"Message\"Bas\"Lien Par Albert (Albert)<\/b> le dimanche 03 octobre 2004 – 12h47: <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

En attendant les aubergines farcies de notre HENRI Laajij, je vous envoie une autre recette de notre amie la DOUDA qui est tomb\u00e8 dans l’oublie mais pas dans le VIDE \u00e0 moins qu’il est fait un VIOL PLANE SUR LES ALPAGES… <\/p>\n

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D\u00e9rni\u00e8re photo d’u album…ESTIVAL.. <\/p>\n

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\"Haut\"Message\"Message\"Bas\"Lien Par Henri (Henri)<\/b> le dimanche 03 octobre 2004 – 12h02: <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

Emile Ayakar, Chalom et Hag Sameah. <\/p>\n

Le mhamar ou aubergines farcies. <\/p>\n

Moi aussi je rafolle de ce plat simple et savoureux. <\/p>\n

Ma mere qui le faisait si bien, est bien agee pour le faire aujourdh’ui, et ma femme nee en Tunisie mais dont les parents Z\u00a0\u00bbAL ont quitte la Tunisie alors qu’elle etait bebe, a donc appris la cuisine Tunisienne avec ma mere apres notre mariage. Ma mere lui a meme appris a faire le poulet desosse et farci qu’elle reussit si bien que son pere Z\u00a0\u00bbAL, qui etait un des grands chefs de cuisine de France l’avait felicitee.
Mais le mhamar \u00ab\u00a0niet\u00a0\u00bb elle ne le reussit pas tres bien, mais je la remercie de tout mon coeur pour touts les plats succulents qu’elle nous prepare. <\/p>\n

HAG SAMEAH LE COULAM. <\/p>\n

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\"Haut\"Message\"Message\"Bas\"Lien Par Email (Email)<\/b> le dimanche 03 octobre 2004 – 07h51: <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

Bonjour Madame , <\/p>\n

Comment vas tu ? Je suis tr\u00e8s flatter de vous \u00e9crire .J\u2019aimerais faire votre connaissance et vous ? Je suis me nomme Kamagat\u00e9 Aboubacar je suis un jeune homme \u00e2g\u00e9 de 22 ans r\u00e9sident en C\u00f4te d\u2019ivoire pour profession El\u00e8ve . Je suis c\u00e9libataire sans enfants et vous peu importe car l\u2019enfant est la joie d\u2019une famille , n\u2019est ce pas ?J\u2019aimerais correspondre avec vous pour plusieurs motifs : L\u2019amiti\u00e9 , L\u2019amour , Correspondance simple etc.Je veux une relation tr\u00e8s concr\u00e8te entre nous .J\u2019aime la lecture , les histoires et la v\u00e9rit\u00e9 etc. Je n\u2019aime pas le mensonge \u2026 <\/p>\n

Je vous embrasse \u2026 <\/p>\n

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\"Haut\"Message\"Message\"Bas\"Lien Par Claudia (Claudia)<\/b> le dimanche 03 octobre 2004 – 07h43: <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

L’Ecologiste n\u00b0 13 <\/p>\n

Pollution et sant\u00e9. L’Appel de Paris <\/p>\n

Le dossier du dernier num\u00e9ro de la revue L’Ecologiste (disponible en kiosque) porte sur les relations entre pollution et sant\u00e9. Pr\u00e9sent\u00e9 par l’un des plus grands canc\u00e9rologues fran\u00e7ais, le professeur Dominique Belpomme, ce dossier
propose des r\u00e9ponses aux questions que chacun se pose sur le sujet, sous la plume de grandes signatures du monde de la m\u00e9decine, de la sant\u00e9, de l’\u00e9cologie, des associations. <\/p>\n

Ainsi, les produits chimiques sont-ils test\u00e9s avant d’\u00eatre mis sur le march\u00e9 ? Non : 99 % en volume des produits chimiques disponibles sur le
march\u00e9 n’ont pas pass\u00e9 les tests n\u00e9cessaires pour v\u00e9rifier leur toxicit\u00e9 vis-\u00e0-vis de la
sant\u00e9 ou de l’environnement. Quatre-vingt-dix-neuf pour cent ! Sur 100 000 substances chimiques mises sur le march\u00e9, 140 seulement font actuellement l’objet d’\u00e9valuations exhaustives – tout en continuant \u00e0 \u00eatre commercialis\u00e9es. <\/p>\n

Les maladies, et la premi\u00e8re d’entre elles le cancer, sont-elles en recul ?
Non. Le cancer conna\u00eet au contraire une progression tr\u00e8s forte : +63 % de cas d\u00e9tect\u00e9s
entre 1978 et 2000 ! S’agit-il, comme on l’a longtemps dit, d’une cons\u00e9quence li\u00e9e au vieillissement de la population ? L’explication est loin d’\u00eatre suffisante. En donn\u00e9es corrig\u00e9es des variations dues \u00e0 l’\u00e2ge, l’augmentation de l’incidence des cancers entre 1978 et 2000 est en effet de +35 %. <\/p>\n

Que font donc les pouvoirs publics ? La Commission europ\u00e9enne pr\u00e9pare actuellement le plus grand projet de r\u00e9glementation des produits chimiques jamais envisag\u00e9 dans le monde, projet d\u00e9nomm\u00e9 REACH, qui devrait \u00eatre discut\u00e9 \u00e0
l’automne au Parlement europ\u00e9en. Comment r\u00e9agissent les industriels ? Par un fort
lobbying, comme le montre le dossier de L’Ecologiste. <\/p>\n

Que fait la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 civile ? L\u00e0 aussi, une grande nouveaut\u00e9 est \u00e0 relever.
Si les \u00e9cologistes ont longtemps \u00e9t\u00e9 seuls ou presque dans le combat contre la pollution,
ils sont actuellement rejoints par des personnalit\u00e9s de tous horizons et particuli\u00e8rement du monde de la m\u00e9decine. Ainsi, les deux Prix Nobel de m\u00e9decine fran\u00e7ais ont sign\u00e9 l’Appel de Paris contre la pollution, qui ouvre le dossier de L’Ecologiste. Lanc\u00e9 \u00e0 l’Unesco en mai dernier lors d’un colloque organis\u00e9 par le professeur Belpomme, cet appel prend une ampleur de plus en plus grande et de
nombreuses personnalit\u00e9s le signent. Bas\u00e9 sur les analyses des personnalit\u00e9s pr\u00e9sentes au
colloque de l’Unesco, le dossier de L’Ecologiste propose une synth\u00e8se indispensable sur le sujet. <\/p>\n

A lire \u00e9galement dans ce num\u00e9ro
Hors dossier : on lira un article sur la disparition des \u00e9toiles : 75 % de la population fran\u00e7aise ne peut plus voir la Voie lact\u00e9e \u00e0 l’oeil nu ; sur le choc des agricultures en Andalousie ; la libert\u00e9 d’expression en proc\u00e8s ; le Bonheur national brut ainsi que des \u00e9ditoriaux sur les OGM, le libre-\u00e9change au Mexique, les nanotechnologies et les rubriques habituelles. <\/p>\n

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\"Haut\"Message\"Message\"Bas\"Lien Par Emile_Tubiana (Emile_Tubiana)<\/b> le dimanche 03 octobre 2004 – 07h35: <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

Je m’adresse \u00e0 M. Ali qui se dit fran\u00e7ais tunisien. <\/p>\n

Cher monsieur, personne ne doute que vous \u00eates aussi tunisien que Michel Boujenah ou Albert Memmi. A mon avis, m\u00eame les Fran\u00e7ais n\u00e9s en Tunisie sont des Tunisiens. Peu importe quelle nationalit\u00e9 est inscrite dans les passeports. Tous d’abord je vous dis marhaba, soyez le bienvenu sur notre site, puisque nous sommes les graines de la m\u00eame terre. <\/p>\n

Vous dites \u00ab\u00a0Les juifs tunisiens \u00e9taient avant tout des TUNISIENS (c’est \u00e0 dire des autochtones)\u00a0\u00bb. Je suis d’accord avec vous, on pourrait m\u00eame dire que les Arabes ne sont pas des autochtones, du fait que les Ph\u00e9niciens et les Juifs \u00e9taient \u00e9tablis en Tunisie avant leur arriv\u00e9e. <\/p>\n

Pour les Juifs tunisiens, c’est un fait que c’\u00e9tait mieux avant, \u00e9tant donn\u00e9 que c’\u00e9tait le temps de leur jeunesse et ce qu’on ne peut plus avoir est toujours plus beau. Et certains avaient perdu leur bien et leurs commerce d\u00fb \u00e0 la politique du gouvernement tunisien. Ne leur en voulez-pas, c’est leur fa\u00e7on et leur seul moyen de s’exprimer. Personnellement je garde les meilleurs souvenirs de ma ville, de mes voisins, et de ce temps-l\u00e0. C’est un amour attach\u00e9 \u00e0 une belle \u00e9poque. <\/p>\n

Que vous dites que la Tunisie d’aujourd’hui est meilleure, je vous donne raison. La Tunisie a pu d\u00e9velopper beaucoup de choses pour le peuple, que la France n’aurait pas d\u00e9velopp\u00e9. Je suis personellement t\u00e9moin des changements et du progr\u00e8s qui ont eu lieu depuis l’ind\u00e9pendance. Les juifs d’Israel peuvent dire exactement la m\u00eame chose. <\/p>\n

Vous dites: \u00ab\u00a0Si les relations entre la Palestine et Isra\u00ebl avait \u00e9t\u00e9 tout autre , il y aurait beaucoup plus de juif en Tunisie.\u00a0\u00bb C’est un point \u00e0 d\u00e9battre. <\/p>\n

Croyez-moi que les Juifs de Tunisie n’ont jamais eu peur de retourner en Tunisie et n’ont jamais cru que que c’\u00e9tait une mission impossible. Evidemment tout d\u00e9pend de la politique du gouvernement du moment. <\/p>\n

En tant que Juif qui est n\u00e9 en Tunisie et qui connait bien la langue arabe tunisienne, je puis vous dire qu’en tant que Tunisien musulman, vous ne seriez pas content de vivre parmi les Palestiniens, car le peuple de Tunisie et ceux du Moyen Orient sont bien diff\u00e9rents. Le caract\u00e8re tunisien, la civilisation tunisienne, la langue tunisienne, les moeurs tunisiennes, la nourriture tunisienne n’ont rien en commun avec le Moyen Orient. Si vous mettez un disque d’Ali Ria, de Juini ou de Saliha en Syrie, ils vont m\u00eame pas l’\u00e9couter. <\/p>\n

Si toutefois vous \u00eates n\u00e9 en France, cel\u00e0 peut \u00eatre diff\u00e9rent. Mais demandez \u00e0 votre p\u00e8re ou \u00e0 votre grand-p\u00e8re qui ont connu notre \u00e9poque. Je ne vois pas pourquoi la nostalgie vous para\u00eet \u00e9trange, apr\u00e8s tout c’est tout naturel que chacun aime la terre o\u00f9 il est n\u00e9. <\/p>\n

Puisque vous \u00eates un Tunisien, ce site est justement pour vous donner l’occasion de vous exprimer librement. Je le crois toujours, que nous les Juifs et le Musulmans qui sommes n\u00e9s en Tunisie, nous avons beaucoup en commun et nous ne devons pas laisser les \u00e9venement du Moyen Orient teindre nos bonnes relations. <\/p>\n

Barakala Fik,Ouahla Ousahla <\/p>\n

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\"Haut\"Message\"Message\"Bas\"Lien Par Email (Email)<\/b> le dimanche 03 octobre 2004 – 06h27: <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

Bonjour, <\/p>\n

Le site HARISSA est formidableet aujourd hui j ai besoin de sa solidarite
mon fils a voyager il y a trois mois aux etats unis avec son passeport francais presque termine
avant de voyager il a rennouveler son passeport
mais voila le consulat de tel aviv ne peut pas lui envoyer son passeport car il lui faut l ancien
il va au consulat de new york et la le consul lui dit .. je ne peut rien faire pour vous votre paseeport est perime vous etes hors la loi vous devez quitter le pays…il va donc au canada a
toronto chez des amis d amis d amis et la il est tres mal a l aise
il a ete au consulat a toronto et a demander quon lui envoi son nouveau passeport et moi aussi j ai telephoner a tel aviv et demander qu on lui envoie le plus vite possible son passeport a toronto
mais ca prendra au moins un mois….
et pour lui c est beaucoup trop
je voudrais vous demander jaco si vous plait de m envoyer par e mail quelques contacts de juifs tunisiens a Toronto qui porrront l aider a passer ce mois d attente le mieux possible
je vous rappelle mon nom dalia ghrenassia je suis nee andree UZAN a sousse tunisie
j habite aujourdhui en ISRAEL au kibboutz MICHMAR HANEGUEV
j espere que vous pourriez m aider pour que je puisse aider mon fils
je vous souhaite bonnes fetes et ……
merci d avance <\/p>\n

dalia <\/p>\n

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\"Haut\"Message\"Message\"Bas\"Lien Par Email (Email)<\/b> le dimanche 03 octobre 2004 – 06h24: <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

bonjour monsieur <\/p>\n

tout d’abord bonne f\u00eate de souchot. je vous \u00e9cris pour vous dire que votre site est G\u00e9nial et j’aimerai savoir si vous avez la recette du Bl\u00e9? <\/p>\n

J’attends votre r\u00e9ponse avec impatiencce <\/p>\n

chana tova <\/p>\n

GUY <\/p>\n

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\"Haut\"Message\"Message\"Bas\"Lien Par Email (Email)<\/b> le dimanche 03 octobre 2004 – 06h22: <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

LE VRAI JULES ZARKA <\/p>\n

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\"c:\/\"<\/div>\n

J’ai d\u00e9couvert par hasard les photos concernant \u00ab\u00a0Jules ZARKA\u00a0\u00bb <\/p>\n

Int\u00e9ress\u00e9 au premier chef, je vous envoie un compl\u00e9ment en pi\u00e8ce jointe: <\/p>\n

Sur la photo en pi\u00e8ce jointe figure le vrai Jules Zarka avec son \u00e9pouse qui est d\u00e9sign\u00e9e par \u00ab\u00a0La grand’m\u00e8re\u00a0\u00bb <\/p>\n

Celui qui est sur les photos d\u00e9j\u00e0 publi\u00e9es est son petit-fils mon cousin germain (nos p\u00e8res \u00e9taient fr\u00e8res) <\/p>\n

PS: il n’est pas au courant de cet envoi (je lui fais la surprise) <\/p>\n

merci <\/p>\n

Ivan Zarka <\/p>\n

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\"Haut\"Message\"Message\"Bas\"Lien Par Email (Email)<\/b> le dimanche 03 octobre 2004 – 05h42: <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

Bonjour <\/p>\n

Je m\u2019appelle Ali (24 ans)et je suis \u00ab fran\u00e7ais\/tunisien \u00bb (je suis tout aussi tunisien que Michel Boujenah ou Albert Memmi) <\/p>\n

Je visite votre site depuis beaucoup de temps, et la principale chose qui en ressort, c\u2019est une nostalgie assez \u00e9trange. <\/p>\n

Les juifs tunisiens \u00e9taient avant tout des TUNISIENS (c\u2019est \u00e0 dire des autochtones) et non des fran\u00e7ais qui \u00e9taient venu envahir ce pays. On pourrait croire qu\u2019avant c\u2019\u00e9tait mieux en Tunisie, mais ce n\u2019est pas du tout le cas et n\u2019importe qui peut le constater en allant la bas (\u00e9conomie, structure, \u00e9ducation\u2026.) <\/p>\n

Les juifs tunisiens qui sont en France avant tout des immigr\u00e9s tunisiens, m\u00eame si certaines personnes se consid\u00e8rent plus comme des pieds noirs mes bon\u2026 <\/p>\n

Si les relations entre la Palestine et Isra\u00ebl avait \u00e9t\u00e9 tout autre , il y aurait beaucoup plus de juif en Tunisie. <\/p>\n

En regardant certains articles ou photo, on pourrait croire qu\u2019un juif retournant en Tunisie pour des vacances ou autre, c\u2019est Mission Impossible \u2026..jusqu\u2019aux derni\u00e8res nouvelles les juifs tunisiens ne ce font pas attaquer par la police tunisienne. <\/p>\n

Merci. <\/p>\n

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\"Haut\"Message\"Message\"Bas\"Lien Par Shira (Shira)<\/b> le samedi 02 octobre 2004 – 21h30: <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

Slim,
L’article en entier avait ete publie au mois de Juillet, voici l’url qui m’avait ete envoye par Rob Satloff. Malheureusement, il semble que pour le lire aujourd’hui, il faudrait une inscription.
http:\/\/www.washingtoninstitute.org\/pubs\/arab\/articles.htm<\/a>
\u00ab\u00a0In Search of ‘Righteous Arabs'\u00a0\u00bb By Robert Satloff, Commentary, July-August 2004
Si cela vous interesse je pense qu’il suffirait d’en faire la demande a son auteur a l’adresse que vous avez mentionnee. <\/p>\n

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\"Haut\"Message\"Message\"Bas\"Lien Par Albert (Albert)<\/b> le samedi 02 octobre 2004 – 21h12: <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

Mon cher Emile, <\/p>\n

Je ne crois vraiment pas , que les dirigeants d’Israel, et TSAHAL en particulier, ont besoin de ma ou de nos conseils; ils sont mieux plac\u00e8s que nous pour conduire le pays selon leur strat\u00e8gie. Et nous devons leur faire confiance, ils ne se trompent que rar\u00e8ment. <\/p>\n

L’avenir t\u00f4t ou tard nous le dira, j’en suis convaincu. <\/p>\n

CHAVOUAT TOV. <\/p>\n

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\"Haut\"Message\"Message\"Bas\"Lien Par Slim (Slim)<\/b> le samedi 02 octobre 2004 – 03h45: <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

J’ai lu cette article paru aujourd’hui dans le magazine Israelien Haaretz (version Anglaise) et l’article parle entre autre d’une histoire de notre chere amie (Rabbi Yirhamha), D-ieu qu’elle me manque, Annie Boukris. Voici l’article en Anglais. Une des histoire que ce chercheur menetionne est une histoire qu’Annie lui a raconte et qui est deja poste depuis bien longtemps sur Hariss (Si Khaled): <\/p>\n

The Holocaust was an Arab story, too <\/p>\n

By Robert Satloff <\/p>\n

Citizens of Arab nations also played a role in the events of World War II, whether as villains or heroes, collaborators or ‘righteous gentiles.’ <\/p>\n

Denial of the Holocaust is a consistent theme of Arab politics – a staple not only of radicals, both secular and Islamist, but of the mainstream as well. Borrowing methods from their Western counterparts, Arab deniers wrap their arguments in pseudo-scientific scholarship, discounting (or denying) the numbers of dead, equating the Holocaust with lesser crimes, denigrating its historical uniqueness, or reversing history to ascribe to present-day Jews the role of \u00ab\u00a0Nazi\u00a0\u00bb persecutors of Palestinians. <\/p>\n

A heartening trend in recent years is that a growing number of Arabs have begun to address this phenomenon, deplore its effects and even correct the record for Arab readers. But despite these signs of progress, Holocaust denial remains a powerful orthodoxy. <\/p>\n

One issue that remains completely out of bounds is any exploration of the intersection of the Holocaust with Arab history itself. For the Holocaust, although overwhelmingly a European story, was not solely a European story. It was an Arab story, too. <\/p>\n

From the outset, German plans to persecute and eventually to exterminate the Jews extended throughout all the lands Germany and its allies hoped to conquer. That included a great Arab expanse in North Africa, extending from Casablanca to Tripoli and onward to Cairo – a region that was home to a half-million Jews. Indeed, the country-by-country plan of extermination laid out at the Wannsee Conference in Berlin in January 1942 makes sense only if the wildly inaccurate figure for the Jews of unoccupied France – 700,000 – is understood to include France’s North African possessions: the colony of Algeria and the protectorates of Morocco and Tunisia. <\/p>\n

In the brief period when they had a chance, the Germans and their allies laid a significant basis toward their murderous goal for North Africa’s Jews. For three years – from the fall of France in June 1940 to the expulsion of German troops from Tunisia in May 1943 – the Nazis, their Vichy French collaborators, and their Italian fascist allies applied in these areas many of the same tools that would be used to devastating effect against the much larger Jewish populations of Europe. These included not only statutes depriving Jews of property, education, livelihood, residence and free movement, but also forced labor, confiscations, deportations, and executions. Virtually no Jew in North Africa was left untouched. Thousands suffered in labor camps, work gangs, prisons, or under house arrest. By a stroke of fortune, relatively few perished. But if U.S. and British troops had not driven the Germans from the African continent in 1943, the 2,000-year-old Jewish communities of Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, Libya, and perhaps Egypt would almost certainly have met the fate of their brethren in Europe. <\/p>\n

Particularly hard hit was Tunisia, the only Arab country to come under direct German occupation. In just six months, from November 1942 to May 1943, the Germans and their local collaborators implemented a forced-labor regime, confiscations of property, hostage-taking, mass extortion, deportations and executions. They required thousands of Jews in the countryside to wear the Star of David, and they created special Judenrat-like committees of Jewish leaders to implement Nazi policies under threat of imprisonment or death. <\/p>\n

French malevolence <\/p>\n

Despite the depravity of the Germans, one can point to France as being, in some way, even more malevolent in terms of the bringing of the Holocaust to Arab lands. In Morocco and, especially, Algeria, France implemented strict laws against local Jews, expelling them from schools, universities and government employment, confiscating their property, and in some cases sending local Jewish political activists to harsh labor camps. In some respects, Vichy applied its anti-Jewish statutes with more vigor in Arab lands than in the unoccupied zone of metropolitan France. All this was done without much prodding from Berlin. <\/p>\n

Not content with this, Vichy also dispatched more than 2,000 European Jews to labor camps in North Africa, many of whom had been refugees from Central Europe who joined the French army or Foreign Legion. Unlike the other \u00ab\u00a0unwanteds\u00a0\u00bb that Vichy sent to suffer on the fringes of the Sahara – Spanish republicans, communists, socialists, anti-Nazi Germans, and Gaullists – Jews were sent because of their religion, not their politics. <\/p>\n

Shipped southward by cattle car from the ports of Algiers and Oran, these unfortunates were herded into camps from which there was little opportunity for escape; some died in the attempt. Given little food, water or rest, they worked from dawn to dusk gathering, breaking, loading, and moving rocks to build the never-to-be-completed Trans-Sahara Railway, or mining the ore along the route. <\/p>\n

Torture was common and frequent. According to later testimonies, the camp commandants and senior officers, mostly foreign legionnaires themselves, were vicious anti-Semites, sadistic and often drunk, many of German origin or with fascist sympathies. A 1943 British Foreign Office document, \u00ab\u00a0Barbaric Treatment of Jews and Aliens in Morocco,\u00a0\u00bb records the testimony of Polish Jewish prisoners who made their way to London after being freed by the Allies. Here is one such testimony, describing a common method of torture: <\/p>\n

\u00ab\u00a0The tombeau – tomb – is a grave dug in the ground, two meters long, 40 centimeters deep and 60 centimeters wide. Men under punishment are confined to this tomb for various periods … The minimum sentence is eight days and nights. The maximum survived was 17 days and nights … Typical of the offenses which earned a man a stretch of tombeau was that of the German Jew Selgo… Like all the others, he had to lie face up night and day. He had no covering, only a tattered Legion uniform with no underclothes. He was not allowed to move or change positions in the tombeau. An Arab was posted over the graves to see that the victims stayed rigidly still … <\/p>\n

\u00ab\u00a0The only occasion when a man was allowed to raise his head a little was after a rainstorm when the graves filled with water. Then he was allowed a stone for a headrest to save him from drowning. As the subsoil was clay, the water would take three days to drain away … A man was allowed to relieve himself only during these three visits of the guard. If he could not do it then he had to do it in his clothes and lie in it … As the majority of prisoners were suffering from severe and sanguinary dysentery, a man lying in his own filth was the rule rather than the exception.\u00a0\u00bb <\/p>\n

Villains and heroes <\/p>\n

Many Arabs today would respond that all this has nothing to do with Arab history. But they would be wrong. Arabs in Arab countries were not too different than Europeans were in Europe. Just as in Europe, most members of the local populace were indifferent to the suffering of Jews around them, but a few helped – the Arab world, too, had its \u00ab\u00a0righteous gentiles\u00a0\u00bb; yet some made matters demonstrably worse. From May 2002 to July 2004, while living in Rabat, the capital of Morocco, I tracked down stories of Arabs who played a role in these events, be they villains or heroes. With the help of researchers and investigators in 10 different countries, I was able to unearth the stories of dozens of such individuals. <\/p>\n

Their number includes outright collaborators – i.e., Arabs who personally participated in the persecution of Jews. Among these were an Arab sadist who commanded a Jewish work brigade in the Tunisian countryside; another Tunisian, Hassen Ferjani, convicted by a French military tribunal of having informed to the Germans on three Jews fleeing across Allied lines, an act leading to their deportation and eventual beheading; Arab patrolmen who tracked down Jewish escapees from forced-labor camps; Arabs who walked alongside German soldiers, pointing out Jewish homes and property for confiscation; the Arab accomplice to a German soldier who raped a Jewish woman in La Marsa, outside Tunis; and Arab camp guards who urinated on the heads of Jewish forced laborers as they lay buried to their necks in the sands of Algeria. <\/p>\n

In addition to these individuals were the hundreds of Arabs who volunteered to join Axis and pro-Axis forces like the Phalange Africaine, the Brigade Nord Africaine, and the German-Arab Training Battalion. And then there were the nameless thousands throughout North Africa who extorted money and property from Jews at their moment of abject weakness. <\/p>\n

As for the heroes who helped save Jews from pain, injury, indignity and perhaps death, they included: <\/p>\n

l The bey of Tunis and, more famously though less conclusively, the sultan of Morocco, both of whom provided vital moral support to their Jewish subjects, as well as practical help to a number of Jewish personalities and their families; <\/p>\n

l The Arab country squire who opened his farm to 60 Jews escaping from an Axis forced-labor camp in Tunisia’s Zaghouan valley; <\/p>\n

l An Arab notable in the Tunisian seaside town of Mahdia who, upon learning that a German officer was bent on raping a local Jewish woman, whisked away her entire family in the middle of the night and kept them hidden on his farm for several weeks until the Germans quit the town. <\/p>\n

l The Arab politician who secretly warned and offered shelter to his long-time Jewish friends when Nazi SS troops were planning raids against the Jewish leadership in Tunis; <\/p>\n

l Religious leaders in Algiers who forbade any Muslim from serving as a Vichy-appointed conservator of Jewish property; <\/p>\n

l Arab inmates of a prison camp in the Algerian desert who forged an anti-fascist bond with their Jewish prison mates; <\/p>\n

l And, in faraway Paris, the rector of the municipal mosque, Si Kaddour Bengabrit, who is said to have given Jewish children counterfeit certificates of good standing as Muslims, thereby enabling them to escape deportation. <\/p>\n

Taken together, this history is rarely told, and the heroes, in particular, have never been recognized. Of the more than 20,000 \u00ab\u00a0righteous\u00a0\u00bb honored by Israel’s Yad Vashem for rescuing Jews from death during the Holocaust, not a single one is an Arab (though there are a number of Muslims). My view is that there are two reasons for this: Few ever looked for \u00ab\u00a0Arab righteous,\u00a0\u00bb and fewer still had an incentive to be found. <\/p>\n

Fleeting memories <\/p>\n

For Arabs, the legacy of World War II was soon overshadowed by two other developments: the conflict with Zionism over the fate of Palestine and the struggle for independence against European colonialism. By the late 1940s – and certainly by the time of the Suez crisis in 1956 – the blurring of the State of Israel with \u00ab\u00a0the Jews\u00a0\u00bb was already a deeply embedded theme of Middle Eastern politics. For an Arab, there was little to be gained (and much to be lost) by being identified with the defense of Jews or of Jewish interests. Sultan Mohammed V of Morocco and, to a lesser extent, Habib Bourghiba, were significant exceptions, noteworthy not least for their rarity. <\/p>\n

For Jews, the situation was more complex. To many of those remaining in North Africa, memories of their horrible wartime experience were swiftly overtaken by the less systematic but often more violent anti-Zionism that compelled hundreds of thousands to quit their homes for Israel in the late 1940s and 1950s. Once in Israel, wartime memories were further obscured by the tension between Ashkenazi and Sephardi Jews. To the degree that the former jealously guarded their Holocaust legacy – theirs, after all, had been by far the greater calamity – the latter tended not to focus on theirs. Similarly neglectful were Holocaust historians and institutions; even today, one hears debate in Israel over whether it is even appropriate to use the term \u00ab\u00a0survivors\u00a0\u00bb for Jews from Arab countries who suffered Nazi-era racial laws and punitive actions. <\/p>\n

An additional wrinkle concerns the odd position held by the small, dwindling remnants of once-grand Jewish communities in Arab countries. Navigating between the Scylla of Islamic radicalism and the Charybdis of regime indifference to their fate, Jews in these countries have by and large opted for quiescence. This attitude even extends backward to their history. Although I did come across Sephardi activists agitating for wider acknowledgment of the history of the Holocaust in Arab lands, none actually resides in an Arab land today. <\/p>\n

But if these considerations help to explain the obscuring of the Arab encounter with the Holocaust, they hardly excuse it. Consider the rebuff I received when I met the children of a candidate for recognition as a \u00ab\u00a0righteous Arab\u00a0\u00bb: Tunisia’s wartime prime minister, Mohammed Chenik. <\/p>\n

Walking a dangerous line between the Germans and his long-time personal friendships with Jews, Chenik had – according to various interviewees – used his connections to warn Jewish leaders of impending arrests and secured dispensations from forced labor for the sons of Jews he knew from his business days. He very likely saved Jewish lives, perhaps at risk to his own. <\/p>\n

Whatever the motive behind these deeds – personal friendship, old business obligations, simple kindness – they were truly noble. Since I was intending to resurrect the story of this long-forgotten statesman and bring honor to his name, I had expected his family to embrace these revelations, or at least to thank me for my efforts. And indeed, the family members who gathered in their comfortable seaside villa outside Tunis to hear my tale were polite, generous and welcoming. But through the smiles and handshakes, it rapidly became clear that they wanted nothing to do with my story of their father’s exploits. We have never heard about any of this, they insisted, and even if what you say is true, it does not amount to anything significant. Although they urged me to return with irrefutable proof, they offered no help and it was obvious they hoped never to hear from me again. <\/p>\n

Perhaps the hardest blow has been the silence that has greeted so many requests I have made to moderate, forward-thinking Arabs to assist me in researching their history. For every helpful response I received to a posting on an Internet message board or to an unsolicited telephone call, there were a dozen cold shoulders, unanswered faxes, or unfilled promises. <\/p>\n

In October 2003, for example, I contacted the prominent Egyptian thinker Ahmed Kamal Abulmagd – widely considered one of the most moderate and open-minded of Muslim theologians, and certainly no Holocaust denier – after his appearance at the American University of Cairo, where he participated in a public exchange with the American ambassador. At one point in their discussion, Abulmagd turned to the ambassador and said: \u00ab\u00a0We all condemn the policies of Hitler and the Holocaust, but enough is enough. There is a moment of saturation and, let me be very blunt on this, world Jewry is in danger because of the very irresponsible policies of the government of Israel, supported by some unaware leaders of the Jewish community in the United States. I hate to see a day where there is an unleashing of dormant general anti-Semitism, in Europe, particularly, and maybe in the United States. But we Arabs are not part of it. We are not part of the Holocaust. We never persecuted Jews.\u00a0\u00bb <\/p>\n

In contacting Abulmagd, my purpose was not to persuade him to repudiate his remarks. On the contrary, I wanted to ask him to use his good offices in helping me gain access to Egyptian consular records from the late 1930s. Those files, I believe, may contain evidence of an \u00ab\u00a0Arab Wallenberg,\u00a0\u00bb an Egyptian diplomat who I suspect provided marriage or birth certificates to German and Austrian Jews, enabling them to flee to Cairo and from there to freedom in London. Though one might think Egyptian officialdom would be eager to exploit proof of a great humanitarian act by an Egyptian diplomat, one that would burnish Egypt’s bruised image in the United States, none of my requests to Cairo policymakers – some of whom, at the highest levels of government, I have known for more than 15 years – has ever been acknowledged. <\/p>\n

That is why I wrote to Abulmagd – twice. Noting the absence of a single Arab among Yad Vashem’s list of \u00ab\u00a0righteous\u00a0\u00bb non-Jews, I begged for his intercession: \u00ab\u00a0Didn’t some Arabs help or rescue some Jews?\u00a0\u00bb I asked. \u00ab\u00a0And if indeed some Arabs did rescue some Jews, then isn’t this the positive, constructive answer to Arab Holocaust denial?\u00a0\u00bb <\/p>\n

But the taboo against recognizing any Arab connection to the Holocaust, even one that might celebrate the deeds of a heroic Arab rescuer, is evidently too strong. I am still waiting for an answer. <\/p>\n

Robert Satloff is executive director of The Washington Institute for Near East Policy. This article is adapted from his \u00ab\u00a0In Search of Righteous Arabs,\u00a0\u00bb Commentary, July\/August 2004. He can be reached at robs@washingtoninstitute.org. <\/p>\n

\n
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\"Haut\"Message\"Message\"Bas\"Lien Par Emile_Tubiana (Emile_Tubiana)<\/b> le samedi 02 octobre 2004 – 05h13: <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

ALBERT J’AI LU TON COMMENTAIRE SUR LES ROQUETTES,
QUELLE EST TA SOLUTION MEME THEORIQUE. CA M’INTERRESSE BEAUCOUP DE CONNAITRE TA SOLUTION. <\/p>\n

\n
\n
\"Haut\"Message\"Message\"Bas\"Lien Par Albert (Albert)<\/b> le vendredi 01 octobre 2004 – 20h24: <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

Ce n’\u00e9tait pas de l’humour ni de la d\u00e9rision pour une fois.
Ce n’est qu’une constation.
Qd l ‘une des parties envoie un quassam l’autre r\u00e9plique par une roquette et vice versa donc un \u00e9change de ‘grosses balles de ping pong ou de t\u00e9nnis explosives’ avec sa cohorte de malheur qui va durer ind\u00e9finiement
Une r\u00e9alit\u00e8 p\u00e9nible. <\/p>\n

Chabath challom. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Par Albert (Albert) le dimanche 03 octobre 2004 – 12h47: En attendant les aubergines farcies de notre HENRI Laajij, je vous envoie une autre recette de notre amie la DOUDA qui est tomb\u00e8 dans l’oublie mais pas dans le VIDE \u00e0 moins qu’il est fait un VIOL PLANE SUR LES ALPAGES… D\u00e9rni\u00e8re photo d’u album…ESTIVAL..… <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":0,"featured_media":49984,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"neve_meta_sidebar":"","neve_meta_container":"","neve_meta_enable_content_width":"","neve_meta_content_width":0,"neve_meta_title_alignment":"","neve_meta_author_avatar":"","neve_post_elements_order":"","neve_meta_disable_header":"","neve_meta_disable_footer":"","neve_meta_disable_title":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[497],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-37581","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-commentaires"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/harissa.com\/news-wp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/37581","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/harissa.com\/news-wp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/harissa.com\/news-wp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/harissa.com\/news-wp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=37581"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/harissa.com\/news-wp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/37581\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":45992,"href":"https:\/\/harissa.com\/news-wp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/37581\/revisions\/45992"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/harissa.com\/news-wp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/49984"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/harissa.com\/news-wp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=37581"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/harissa.com\/news-wp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=37581"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/harissa.com\/news-wp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=37581"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}