{"id":43480,"date":"2026-10-03T03:29:57","date_gmt":"2026-10-03T03:29:57","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/harissa.com\/news-wp\/?p=43480"},"modified":"2026-10-03T03:29:57","modified_gmt":"2026-10-03T03:29:57","slug":"des-observateurs-mais-pour-quoi-faire-editorial-du-quotidien-haaretz","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/harissa.com\/news-wp\/des-observateurs-mais-pour-quoi-faire-editorial-du-quotidien-haaretz\/","title":{"rendered":"Des observateurs, mais pour quoi faire? \u00c9ditorial du quotidien Ha&rsquo;aretz"},"content":{"rendered":"<div>\n<div>\n<div>\n<div>\n<div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><b><\/p>\n<p> A propos du d\u00e9ploiement de forces internationales dans le conflit isra\u00e9lo-arabe, l&rsquo;exp\u00e9rience montre que les chances que leur mission a d&rsquo;\u00eatre couronn\u00e9e de succ\u00e8s d\u00e9pendent fondamentalement de la volont\u00e9 des deux parties \u00e0 appliquer les accords.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p> Il y a eu deux cas prouv\u00e9s de d\u00e9ploiement r\u00e9ussi de forces internationales dans la r\u00e9gion &#8211; le premier \u00e9tant celui de la Force des Nations Unies charg\u00e9e d&rsquo;observer le d\u00e9sengagement entre la Syrie et Isra\u00ebl, qui avait \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9ploy\u00e9e le long de la fronti\u00e8re \u00e0 la suite de l&rsquo;accord de 1974; et l&rsquo;autre, la Force multinationale d&rsquo; Observateurs (\u00e0 laquelle l&rsquo;ONU ne participa pas, bon nombre de ses membres s&rsquo;y \u00e9tant oppos\u00e9s), qui avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9ploy\u00e9s dans le cadre de l&rsquo;accord de paix avec l&rsquo;\u00c9gypte.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p> Le succ\u00e8s de ces deux forces internationales r\u00e9sultait du fait que dans les deux cas il s&rsquo;agissait de sauvegarder et de superviser des accords sign\u00e9s par des \u00e9tats souverains dot\u00e9s d&rsquo;arm\u00e9es r\u00e9guli\u00e8res. Leurs missions ne consistaient pas \u00e0 observer des actes hostiles sporadiques ou continus. Les deux parties avaient un int\u00e9r\u00eat manifeste \u00e0 appliquer les accords pass\u00e9s entre elles, \u00e0 en pr\u00e9venir la violation et \u00e0 emp\u00eacher les activit\u00e9s hostiles. Dans les deux cas, des zones-tampon entre les deux arm\u00e9es avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9tablies dans le cadre de ces accords. En outre, les parties avaient pris des mesures \u00e9nergiques afin de r\u00e9primer toute provocation que des tiers auraient cherch\u00e9 \u00e0 cr\u00e9er.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p> Par contre, le r\u00e9sultat globalement obtenu par la Force int\u00e9rimaire des Nations Unies au Liban (la FINUL) peut \u00eatre d\u00e9fini comme un \u00e9chec durable. Cette force internationale &#8211; d\u00e9ploy\u00e9e par l&rsquo;ONU en 1978, \u00e0 la suite de l&rsquo;Op\u00e9ration Litani [r\u00e9alis\u00e9e par Isra\u00ebl contre des objectifs de l&rsquo;Organisation de Lib\u00e9ration de la Palestine au Sud-Liban] et sans l&rsquo;accord d&rsquo;Isra\u00ebl &#8211; n&rsquo;a rempli aucun r\u00f4le significatif dans la r\u00e9gion et sa pr\u00e9sence est dans le meilleur des cas controvers\u00e9e.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p> La FINUL n&rsquo;a pas r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 \u00e9tablir la moindre forme d&rsquo;autorit\u00e9 sur l&rsquo;\u00e9quilibre complexe et en perp\u00e9tuel changement des forces en pr\u00e9sence au Sud-Liban. La Force d&rsquo;urgence des Nations Unies mise en place apr\u00e8s la Campagne du Sina\u00ef en 1956 s&rsquo;est aussi termin\u00e9e sur un \u00e9chec, quand l&rsquo;\u00c9gypte exigea son retrait et bloqua le D\u00e9troit de Tiran en 1967.<\/p>\n<p> Si la Pr\u00e9sence internationale temporaire \u00e0 H\u00e9bron mise en place \u00e0 la suite du massacre par Barouch Goldstein de Palestiniens en pri\u00e8re en 1994, ne constitue pas une source de probl\u00e8mes, elle n&rsquo;a toutefois pas r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 pr\u00e9venir les actes de violence. Malgr\u00e9 sa pr\u00e9sence, H\u00e9bron est rest\u00e9e la ville la plus disput\u00e9e et la plus violente. Quant \u00e0 la Commission internationale de contr\u00f4le, mise en place au Liban suite \u00e0 l&rsquo;op\u00e9ration isra\u00e9lienne des \u00ab\u00a0Raisins de la Col\u00e8re\u00a0\u00bb en 1996, elle ne peut \u00e9galement enregistrer \u00e0 son actif aucun succ\u00e8s majeur, mis \u00e0 part le fait qu&rsquo;elle est devenue une commission pour le d\u00e9p\u00f4t de plaintes et la conduite d&rsquo;enqu\u00eates superficielles relatives \u00e0 celles-ci.<\/p>\n<p> Il n&rsquo;est donc pas surprenant que dans les conclusions pr\u00e9sent\u00e9es par la Commission Mitchell et dans le rapport de George Tenet, directeur de la CIA, il n&rsquo;y ait aucune recommandations appelant \u00e0 la mise en place d&rsquo;une force internationale ou d&rsquo;un corps d&rsquo;observateurs, certainement pas en l&rsquo;absence d&rsquo;une volont\u00e9 des deux parties \u00e0 voir une telle pr\u00e9sence, ou du moins pas sans leur accord \u00e0 ce sujet. Sans une totale coop\u00e9ration des deux parties, les observateurs internationaux n&rsquo;ont aucune chance r\u00e9elle de voir leur mission couronn\u00e9e de succ\u00e8s. Qui plus est, pour qu&rsquo;ils puissent r\u00e9ussir, il est n\u00e9cessaire qu&rsquo;existe un accord clair entre les deux parties et une volont\u00e9 absolue d&rsquo;appliquer honn\u00eatement ce qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 convenu. En plus de cela, les deux parties doivent \u00eatre pr\u00eates \u00e0 imposer l&rsquo;accord \u00e0 tous les \u00e9l\u00e9ments pr\u00e9sents sur leurs terrains respectifs &#8211; tant aux forces r\u00e9guli\u00e8res et semi-irr\u00e9guli\u00e8res qu&rsquo;aux organisations, groupes et individus.<\/p>\n<p> C&rsquo;est pourquoi il est bien difficile de mettre un quelconque espoir dans le d\u00e9ploiement d&rsquo;observateurs internationaux dans les zones de friction. Les deux parties &#8211; Isra\u00e9liens et Palestiniens &#8211; ne b\u00e9n\u00e9ficieront pas de la pr\u00e9sence d&rsquo;une tierce partie dans une r\u00e9gion qui doit encore subir un processus de stabilisation. Si sa pr\u00e9sence n&rsquo;aide pas \u00e0 soulager ou \u00e0 stabiliser la situation, elle risque m\u00eame de la compliquer bien plus encore.<\/p>\n<p> \u00a9 Haaretz, 23 juillet 2001.<\/b><\/p>\n<hr\/>\n<blockquote>\n<blockquote><\/blockquote>\n<\/blockquote>\n<h6><\/h6>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>A propos du d\u00e9ploiement de forces internationales dans le conflit isra\u00e9lo-arabe, l&rsquo;exp\u00e9rience montre que les chances que leur mission a d&rsquo;\u00eatre couronn\u00e9e de succ\u00e8s d\u00e9pendent fondamentalement de la volont\u00e9 des deux parties \u00e0 appliquer les accords.\u00a0 Il y a eu deux cas prouv\u00e9s de d\u00e9ploiement r\u00e9ussi de forces internationales dans la r\u00e9gion &#8211; le premier&hellip;&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1880,"featured_media":56830,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"neve_meta_sidebar":"","neve_meta_container":"","neve_meta_enable_content_width":"","neve_meta_content_width":0,"neve_meta_title_alignment":"","neve_meta_author_avatar":"","neve_post_elements_order":"","neve_meta_disable_header":"","neve_meta_disable_footer":"","neve_meta_disable_title":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[34,12],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-43480","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-divers","category-israel"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.6 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Des observateurs, mais pour quoi faire? 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