{"id":43549,"date":"2026-10-03T03:30:07","date_gmt":"2026-10-03T03:30:07","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/harissa.com\/news-wp\/?p=43549"},"modified":"2026-10-03T03:30:07","modified_gmt":"2026-10-03T03:30:07","slug":"le-droit-au-retour-par-joel-rubinfeld","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/harissa.com\/news-wp\/le-droit-au-retour-par-joel-rubinfeld\/","title":{"rendered":"Le droit au retour, par Joel Rubinfeld"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Suite \u00e0 de r\u00e9centes discussions avec des amis, il me para\u00eet important, pour ceux qui n’en sont pas encore conscients, de pr\u00e9ciser un point essentiel concernant la question du \u00ab\u00a0droit au retour\u00a0\u00bb des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s palestiniens.<\/p>\n

En juillet 2000, le sommet de Camp David (USA) r\u00e9unit Barak et Arafat autour de Clinton afin d’apporter une solution d\u00e9finitive au conflit isra\u00e9lo-palestinien. Les n\u00e9gociations entam\u00e9es \u00e0 Camp David se poursuivent \u00e0 Taba (\u00c9gypte), du 21 janvier au 27 janvier 2001.<\/p>\n

A l’issue de ces n\u00e9gociations, Isra\u00ebl a propos\u00e9 de restituer au futur \u00c9tat palestinien 97% des territoires, plus 3% de territoires isra\u00e9liens, soit 100% des territoires revendiqu\u00e9s par les palestiniens. De plus, le gouvernement Barak a accept\u00e9 que les quartiers arabes de la Vieille-Ville passent sous souverainet\u00e9 palestinienne et qu’une souverainet\u00e9 partag\u00e9e soit exerc\u00e9e sur le Mont du Temple (Esplanade des Mosqu\u00e9es).<\/p>\n

En r\u00e9ponse \u00e0 ces concessions historiques, Arafat a mis sur le tapis la question du \u00ab\u00a0droit au retour\u00a0\u00bb des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s palestiniens. Et c’est sur ce point qu’il faut apporter une pr\u00e9cision essentielle : Arafat exige le retour de ces \u00ab\u00a0r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s\u00a0\u00bb sur le sol isra\u00e9lien et non pas dans son futur \u00c9tat palestinien qui lui \u00e9tait propos\u00e9 sur un plateau d’argent!<\/p>\n

De l\u00e0 \u00e9mane la notion de \u00ab\u00a0suicide d\u00e9mographique\u00a0\u00bb. En effet, l’\u00c9tat d’Isra\u00ebl est peupl\u00e9 de 6.000.000 d’habitants (+\/- 5.000.000 de juifs isra\u00e9liens et +\/- 1.000.000 d’arabes isra\u00e9liens). En y ajoutant les 3.700.000 r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s, nous arrivons \u00e0 une quasi-parit\u00e9 juive\/arabe au sein de la population isra\u00e9lienne… L’\u00e9volution d\u00e9mographique aidant, je vous laisse imaginer la constitution de la Knesset et du gouvernement isra\u00e9lien \u00e0 l’aube de 2010!<\/p>\n

Il est d\u00e8s lors \u00e9vident qu’Arafat, en mettant \u00e0 l’avant-plan cette requ\u00eate impossible \u00e0 satisfaire, refuse de vivre pacifiquement \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 d’un \u00c9tat \u00ab\u00a0sioniste\u00a0\u00bb, \u00e0 l’instar d’une grande majorit\u00e9 de pays arabes. Il confirme, si besoin en \u00e9tait, sa volont\u00e9 de voir dispara\u00eetre l’\u00c9tat juif de la carte mondiale.<\/p>\n

En conclusion, je me r\u00e9f\u00e8re \u00e0 la d\u00e9claration de Bill Clinton<\/a>, selon lequel la responsabilit\u00e9 de l’\u00e9chec des n\u00e9gociations, et donc des violences connues ces 9 derniers mois en Isra\u00ebl, incombe \u00e0 Arafat. Un jour, je l’esp\u00e8re, la paix entre juifs et arabes deviendra r\u00e9alit\u00e9, mais pas tant qu’Arafat m\u00e8nera la destin\u00e9e des palestiniens.<\/p>\n

Jo\u00ebl Rubinfeld<\/p>\n

A titre d’information compl\u00e9mentaire, les Palestiniens revendiquent le \u00ab\u00a0droit au retour\u00a0\u00bb sur base de la r\u00e9solution de l’Assembl\u00e9e G\u00e9n\u00e9rale de l’ONU du 11 d\u00e9cembre 1948. Mais que dit cette r\u00e9solution?<\/p>\n

Cette r\u00e9solution comporte 15 articles. Seul l’article 11 porte sur la question des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s, et il ne mentionne pas de \u00ab\u00a0droit\u00a0\u00bb, il exprime un souhait. Cette r\u00e9solution exige \u00e9galement l’application d’un statut international (sous contr\u00f4le de l’ONU) de J\u00e9rusalem, Abu-Dis et Bethlehem. Il est clair que cette r\u00e9solution est compl\u00e8tement d\u00e9pass\u00e9e aujourd’hui. Certains diraient \u00ab\u00a0caduque\u00a0\u00bb. Il faut aussi pr\u00e9ciser que l’article 11 en question pose des conditions au retour des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s: le rapatriement devrait \u00eatre permis aux \u00ab\u00a0r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s souhaitant rentrer chez eux et vivre en paix avec leur voisins\u00a0\u00bb. Ce n’\u00e9tait pas le cas durant toutes ces ann\u00e9es ou l’existence m\u00eame d’Isra\u00ebl n’\u00e9tait pas accept\u00e9e par le monde arabe. Et de nos jours, les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s au Liban, par exemple, souhaitent-ils devenir citoyens d’Isra\u00ebl, apprendre l’H\u00e9breu, payer leur imp\u00f4ts et aller a l’\u00e9cole isra\u00e9lienne? Dans toutes les d\u00e9clarations palestiniennes sur le droit au retour on n’a jamais entendu la revendication de devenir citoyen d’Isra\u00ebl, alors que c’est un pr\u00e9alable pose par l’ONU. Il est a noter, finalement, que la r\u00e9solution 194 ne fait aucunement porter la responsabilit\u00e9 de la cr\u00e9ation du probl\u00e8me des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s \u00e0 Isra\u00ebl, puisqu’elle dit, toujours dans l’article 11, que les indemnisations \u00ab\u00a0seront pay\u00e9es par les gouvernements ou les autorit\u00e9s responsables.\u00a0\u00bb<\/p>\n

Le 22\/11\/1967, peu de temps apr\u00e8s la Guerre des 6 Jours, le Conseil de S\u00e9curit\u00e9 de l’ONU adopte la r\u00e9solution 242. Concernant le probl\u00e8me des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s, la r\u00e9solution affirme (deuxi\u00e8me paragraphe, article b.) \u00ab\u00a0la n\u00e9cessit\u00e9 d’aboutir \u00e0 un r\u00e8glement juste de la question des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s\u00a0\u00bb. On voit donc que la position de l’ONU a \u00e9volu\u00e9 : on ne cherche pas \u00e0 imposer telle ou telle forme de solution, et certainement pas un rapatriement massif; on reconna\u00eet implicitement qu’il faut tenir compte de l’\u00e9volution de la situation, et on ne fait pas de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence \u00e0 la r\u00e9solution 194; on n’invoque pas un \u00ab\u00a0droit au retour\u00a0\u00bb ; et on ne pr\u00e9cise pas la nationalit\u00e9 de ces r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s dont il faut r\u00e9gler le probl\u00e8me, puisqu’il concerne \u00e9galement – comme Isra\u00ebl l’a toujours dit- les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s juifs chass\u00e9s de certains pays arabes en 1948.<\/p>\n

Article du Newsweek du 27 juin paru sur le site MSNBC (texte en fran\u00e7ais et original en anglais)
http:\/\/www.msnbc.com\/news\/593326.asp?cp1==1<\/a>\u00a0<\/b><\/p>\n

Joel Rubinfeld <joelrubinfeld@mac.com<\/a>>\u00a0<\/b><\/p>\n\n

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<\/h6>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Suite \u00e0 de r\u00e9centes discussions avec des amis, il me para\u00eet important, pour ceux qui n’en sont pas encore conscients, de pr\u00e9ciser un point essentiel concernant la question du \u00ab\u00a0droit au retour\u00a0\u00bb des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s palestiniens. En juillet 2000, le sommet de Camp David (USA) r\u00e9unit Barak et Arafat autour de Clinton afin d’apporter une solution… <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1880,"featured_media":56898,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"neve_meta_sidebar":"","neve_meta_container":"","neve_meta_enable_content_width":"","neve_meta_content_width":0,"neve_meta_title_alignment":"","neve_meta_author_avatar":"","neve_post_elements_order":"","neve_meta_disable_header":"","neve_meta_disable_footer":"","neve_meta_disable_title":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[12],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-43549","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-israel"],"yoast_head":"\nLe droit au retour, par Joel Rubinfeld | HARISSA.COM<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Suite \u00e0 de r\u00e9centes discussions avec des amis, il me para\u00eet important, pour ceux qui n'en sont pas encore 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