{"id":57915,"date":"2017-03-22T03:41:11","date_gmt":"2017-03-22T03:41:11","guid":{"rendered":""},"modified":"2017-03-22T03:41:11","modified_gmt":"2017-03-22T03:41:11","slug":"bchicha-2017-par-dr-victor-hayoun","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/harissa.com\/news-wp\/bchicha-2017-par-dr-victor-hayoun\/","title":{"rendered":"BCHICHA 2017, par Dr Victor Hayoun"},"content":{"rendered":"

Dr Victor Hayoun<\/em><\/strong>, Natanya<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

ROCH  HODECH  NISSAN<\/u><\/em><\/h2>\n

Ou<\/h3>\n

La Soir\u00e9e de la  <\/u><\/strong>BCHICHA<\/u><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Je suis heureux de vous apporter quelques explications sur cette tradition juive tunisienne vieille de plusieurs si\u00e8cles.    <\/p>\n

Voici quelques d\u00e9tails sur la tradition de la Bchicha<\/em> :  <\/u><\/strong><\/p>\n

    \n
  • La tradition est remplie toutes les veilles de Roch Hodech du mois de  Nissan.<\/li>\n
  • Etant donn\u00e9 que le mois de Nissan est le premier mois du calendrier h\u00e9bra\u00efque, cet \u00e9v\u00e9nement peut \u00eatre consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme une festivit\u00e9 marquant un Roch Achana suppl\u00e9mentaire.<\/li>\n
  • La Bchicha<\/em> est un m\u00e9lange, moulu tr\u00e8s fin, de bl\u00e9 et d\u2019orge additionn\u00e9 d\u2019\u00e9pices, coriandre et fenouil (ou anis). Certaines communaut\u00e9s ont la coutume d\u2019ajouter \u00e0 ce m\u00e9lange des dattes, des amandes, des noix, des raisins secs, ainsi que du sucre et\/ou du miel  etc.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    Comment proc\u00e9der ?<\/u><\/strong><\/p>\n

      \n
    • On place la Bchicha<\/em> dans une coupe ou une assiette creuse.<\/li>\n
    • Tous les membres de la famille tendent l\u2019index (le droit ou le gauche, sans importance) vers le centre de l\u2019assiette.<\/li>\n
    • Le chef de famille tient dans une main une clef (\u00e0 tige pleine, non creuse \u2013 en arabe: N\u00e9ftah Dkar<\/em><\/strong> c.\u00e0.d. \u00ab\u00a0une clef male\u00a0\u00bb, ceci par simple mesure d\u2019hygi\u00e8ne, car les clefs a tige creuse accumul\u00e9e des salet\u00e9s) et dans la seconde main, un flacon ou une bouteille d\u2019huile.<\/li>\n
    •  Le chef de famille fait couler l\u2019huile sur les doigts tendus et sur la clef, puis tous m\u00e9langent la Bchicha<\/em> et l\u2019huile en disant ensemble:<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      Khalat El Abchich B\u00e8l N\u00e8ftah’  Ya  F\u00e8tah’  H’on Alina Ya Moulana Ya Razak<\/em><\/strong>. <\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

      Que l\u2019on peut traduire ainsi :<\/p>\n

      M\u00e9langeons la Bchicha avec la Clef, Oh! Toi l\u2019Eternel qui ouvre les Portes du Bien. Offre-nous Ta Gr\u00e2ce, Toi Notre Cr\u00e9ateur Mis\u00e9ricordieux.  <\/strong><\/p>\n

        \n
      • Apr\u00e8s avoir m\u00e9lang\u00e9, on go\u00fbte l\u2019amalgame.<\/li>\n
      • Cette c\u00e9r\u00e9monie symbolise l\u2019ouverture d\u2019une ann\u00e9e f\u00e9conde et abondante de tous les biens du monde.<\/li>\n
      • En plus de cela, la coutume veut que l\u2019on place ce soir-l\u00e0, des bagues, des pi\u00e8ces ou des bijoux en or dans le verre du Kandil<\/em><\/strong>, la veilleuse d\u2019huile \u00e0 m\u00e8che de coton, qu\u2019il est de tradition d\u2019allumer toutes les veilles de Roch Hod\u00e8ch<\/em><\/strong>. Certains ont la coutume d\u2019ajouter les bijoux d\u2019or dans la Bchicha<\/em><\/strong> (prenez garde de ne pas les avaler ni les jeter). <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

         <\/p>\n

        Quelques d\u00e9tails suppl\u00e9mentaires !<\/u><\/strong><\/p>\n

          \n
        • Nous ne connaissons pas l’origine de cette coutume. Nous savons qu’elle est appliqu\u00e9e par les juifs originaires de Tunisie et de Libye uniquement.<\/li>\n
        • Avec le mois de Nissan nous c\u00e9l\u00e9brons aussi le Roch Hod\u00e8ch A-Melakhim<\/em><\/strong> qui est le nouveau mois des plantes. A ce propos il est \u00e0 signaler que le jour de Roch H’odech<\/em><\/strong> du mois de Nissan <\/em>nous devons faire la b\u00e9n\u00e9diction des arbres ou Bircath A-Ilanoth<\/u><\/em><\/strong>.<\/li>\n
        • En fait c’est un renouvellement que nous recevons avec b\u00e9n\u00e9diction, avec l’arriv\u00e9e du printemps, des fleurs, des arbres et de la terre et de leurs fruits.<\/li>\n
        • Certaines communaut\u00e9s de Djerba et de Libye pr\u00e9paraient la Bchicha<\/em> pour chaque occasion d’inauguration comme par exemple une naissance, un nouveau logement etc.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

           <\/p>\n

          Une autre Tradition Tune :  \u00ab\u00a0Les Verdures<\/em>\u00a0\u00bb de la sortie de Pessah<\/em> !<\/u><\/strong><\/p>\n

            \n
          • Cette b\u00e9n\u00e9diction d’une ann\u00e9e nouvelle qui arrive, nous la retrouvons dans une autre coutume typiquement juive tunisienne. Alors que nos fr\u00e8res originaires du Maroc et certains d’Alg\u00e9rie f\u00eatent la \u00ab\u00a0Mimouna<\/em>\u00ab\u00a0, le soir de la sortie de la f\u00eate de Pessah, chez les Tunes, le p\u00e8re de famille fait un tour dans son appartement et y accroche dans chaque pi\u00e8ce une feuille de laitue ou autre verdure en disant ces mots:  \u00ab\u00a0Khadarna  ou-A’m  Akh-dar<\/u>\u00ab\u00a0<\/em><\/strong> qui se traduit par \u00ab\u00a0Nous avons mis du vert chez nous, et esp\u00e9rons que l’ann\u00e9e sera verte<\/em><\/strong> (et b\u00e9nie d’abondance<\/em><\/strong>)\u00a0\u00bb.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

             <\/p>\n

             <\/p>\n

              \n
            • La soir\u00e9e de la Bchicha<\/em><\/strong> boucle ce que l’on pourrait appeler la \u00ab\u00a0trilogie<\/strong>\u00a0\u00bb de l’hiver des juifs d’origine tunisienne:<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
                \n
              • La f\u00eate des filles  ou  Roch H’odech El-Bnat<\/em> <\/u><\/strong>(le Roch H’odech du mois de Teveth).<\/li>\n
              • La f\u00eate des gar\u00e7ons  ou  Sh’oudat Ytrou<\/em><\/u><\/strong> (le jeudi soir de la semaine de la Paracha de Ytro).<\/li>\n
              • La soir\u00e9e de la Bchicha<\/em><\/u><\/strong> (la veille de Roch H’odech Nissan).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                 <\/p>\n

                    <\/p>\n

                  \n
                • Dr Mikhal Saraf (zal) a \u00e9crit \u00e0 propos de cette tradition de la Bchicha, une mini-brochure de 6 pages en h\u00e9breu en 1998.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                   <\/p>\n

                   <\/p>\n

                  Je souhaite \u00e0 tous les membres de la communaut\u00e9 juive d\u2019origine tunisienne et \u00e0 tout le peuple d\u2019Isra\u00ebl, une ann\u00e9e fertile et abondante de tous les biens et les richesses du monde et  \u2026<\/p>\n

                  Bon mois de Nissan<\/em><\/strong> \u2026 et \u2026<\/p>\n

                                                Bonne  F\u00eate   de  Pessah <\/em><\/strong>! ! Et …<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

                  Kmara A’m Akhor<\/u><\/em><\/strong>   \u2026    A l’ann\u00e9e prochaine, si D\u2026 veut<\/u><\/strong>.<\/u><\/strong><\/p>\n

                   <\/p>\n

                  p.s. : <\/strong>Cette ann\u00e9e il faut faire cette tradition de la Bchicha<\/em>   le Lundi soir 27 Mars 2017<\/u><\/strong>.<\/p>\n

                   <\/p>\n

                  Informatif<\/u><\/strong> : Quand la c\u00e9r\u00e9monie de la Bchicha<\/em> est c\u00e9l\u00e9br\u00e9e le vendredi soir, la<\/u> question est<\/u> : fait-on la c\u00e9r\u00e9monie avant ou apr\u00e8s le d\u00e9but du Chabbat<\/em> ?  <\/strong><\/p>\n

                  Apr\u00e8s v\u00e9rification avec le Rabbin Adir Cohen Chalit\u00a0\u00bba<\/em>, de la Y\u00e9chiva<\/em> \u00ab\u00a0Kiss\u00e9 Rah’amim<\/em>\u00a0\u00bb \u00e0 Bn\u00e9-Brak<\/em> qui fait r\u00e9f\u00e9rence au livre \u00ab\u00a0Zikhr\u00e9-Kehouna<\/em>\u00a0\u00bb de son grand-p\u00e8re, Rebbi<\/em> Rah’amim H’a\u00ef H’ouita Ha-Cohen<\/em> zatsa\u00a0\u00bbl<\/em>.<\/p>\n

                  Voici la r\u00e9ponse<\/u><\/strong> : On peut faire la c\u00e9r\u00e9monie de la Bchicha<\/em> avant le d\u00e9but du Chabbat<\/em>, mais on peut aussi le faire apr\u00e8s le d\u00e9but de Chabbat<\/em>, \u00e0 condition de pr\u00e9parer seulement une petite quantit\u00e9 de l’amalgame pour qu’il suffise juste \u00e0 la consommation de la famille, sans qu’il en reste pour apr\u00e8s Chabbat<\/em>, ni qu’on en jette le reste.<\/strong><\/p>\n

                   <\/p>\n

                  p.s. : <\/strong>Dans le parler jud\u00e9o-arabe de certaines communaut\u00e9s juives de Tunisie, le \u00ab\u00a0ch<\/strong>\u00a0\u00bb est remplac\u00e9 par le \u00ab\u00a0s<\/strong>\u00a0\u00bb et pour eux il s’agit de la soir\u00e9e de la \u00ab\u00a0Bsissa<\/em><\/strong>\u00ab\u00a0.<\/p>\n

                  p.s. : <\/strong>L<\/u><\/em>\u00e9<\/u><\/em>avdil<\/u><\/em> et \u00e0 titre informatif – Cette m\u00eame Bchicha<\/em> est consomm\u00e9e par les musulmans tunisiens lors de leur p\u00e8lerinage \u00e0 La Mecque, car ce m\u00e9lange tr\u00e8s nutritif et consistant ne se d\u00e9t\u00e9riore pas, ne n\u00e9cessite pas de moyen de conservation et leur permet de se nourrir en route.  <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

                  Dr Victor Hayoun, Natanya   ROCH  HODECH  NISSAN Ou La Soir\u00e9e de la  BCHICHA   Je suis heureux de vous apporter quelques explications sur cette tradition juive tunisienne vieille de plusieurs si\u00e8cles.     Voici quelques d\u00e9tails sur la tradition de la Bchicha :  La tradition est remplie toutes les veilles de Roch Hodech du mois… <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":57916,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"neve_meta_sidebar":"","neve_meta_container":"","neve_meta_enable_content_width":"","neve_meta_content_width":0,"neve_meta_title_alignment":"","neve_meta_author_avatar":"","neve_post_elements_order":"","neve_meta_disable_header":"","neve_meta_disable_footer":"","neve_meta_disable_title":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-57915","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"yoast_head":"\nBCHICHA 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