{"id":58523,"date":"2017-09-14T20:11:46","date_gmt":"2017-09-14T20:11:46","guid":{"rendered":""},"modified":"2017-09-14T20:11:46","modified_gmt":"2017-09-14T20:11:46","slug":"en-israel-les-ultraorthodoxes-bientot-obliges-de-faire-leur-service-militaire","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/harissa.com\/news-wp\/en-israel-les-ultraorthodoxes-bientot-obliges-de-faire-leur-service-militaire\/","title":{"rendered":"En Isra\u00ebl, les ultraorthodoxes bient\u00f4t oblig\u00e9s de faire leur service militaire"},"content":{"rendered":"
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En Isra\u00ebl, les ultraorthodoxes bient\u00f4t oblig\u00e9s de faire leur service militaire<\/p>\n<\/header>\n

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Mardi 12 septembre, la Cour supr\u00eame isra\u00e9lienne a vot\u00e9 l\u2019annulation d\u2019un texte qui, depuis 1949, exemptait les ultraorthodoxes du service militaire. La d\u00e9cision, prise \u00e0 une majorit\u00e9 de huit contre un par les juges de la Cour, a provoqu\u00e9 le m\u00e9contentement de cette puissante communaut\u00e9. <\/em>Ses cons\u00e9quences politiques restent encore incertaines.<\/p>\n<\/section>\n

En Isra\u00ebl, la question du service militaire provoque des dissensions. La d\u00e9cision prise, mardi 12 septembre, d\u2019annuler un amendement qui en pr\u00e9servait jusque-l\u00e0 les gar\u00e7ons se consacrant aux \u00e9tudes religieuses risque de relancer le d\u00e9bat.<\/p>\n

Sauf exception, dans l\u2019\u00c9tat h\u00e9breu, le service militaire est obligatoire pour les deux sexes. Vers 18 ans, tous rejoignent ainsi les bancs de l\u2019arm\u00e9e pour une dur\u00e9e de 2 ans et 8 mois pour les gar\u00e7ons, de 2 ans pour les filles.<\/p>\n

Une dispense est pr\u00e9vue \u00ab pour les jeunes filles religieuses \u00bb, rappelle Tsahal sur son site Internet. Ces derni\u00e8res doivent prouver devant une commission qu\u2019elles respectent \u00ab les lois de la casherout \u00e0 la maison et en dehors de chez elles<\/em>\u00bb, qu\u2019elles ne voyagent pas pendant \u00ab le shabbat \u00bb et qu\u2019elles respectent \u00ab les r\u00e8gles de pudeur vestimentaire telles qu\u2019elles sont d\u00e9finies dans le juda\u00efsme <\/em>\u00bb. Elles peuvent alors, si elles le souhaitent, effectuer un service social dans le domaine de la sant\u00e9 ou de la solidarit\u00e9.<\/p>\n

Pour les gar\u00e7ons, c\u2019est le p\u00e8re fondateur de l\u2019\u00c9tat, David Ben Gourion qui, en 1949, a exempt\u00e9 de conscription les haredim<\/em> (ou \u00ab craignant Dieu \u00bb, \u00e9galement regroup\u00e9s sous le nom d\u2019\u00ab ultra-orthodoxes \u00bb), c\u2019est-\u00e0-dire les hommes se consacrant \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9tude de la loi et de la religion juive.<\/p>\n

Amendement et contre amendement<\/h3>\n

Soixante-cinq plus tard, le 12 mars 2014, le Parlement isra\u00e9lien, sous l\u2019impulsion du parti centriste et la\u00efc Yesh Atid, votait une loi pr\u00e9voyant une hausse importante de la conscription des hommes ultraorthodoxes. Mais un an plus tard, une nouvelle majorit\u00e9 adopte un amendement qui reporte les dispositions l\u00e9gales et prot\u00e8ge le statut des religieux.<\/p>\n

Mardi 12 septembre, c\u2019est donc cet amendement que les juges de la Cour supr\u00eame isra\u00e9lienne ont d\u00e9cid\u00e9 d\u2019invalider, pr\u00e9cisant n\u00e9anmoins que \u00ab l\u2019annulation (de l\u2019amendement) prendrait effet seulement un an apr\u00e8s la date du jugement<\/em> \u00bb.<\/p>\n

Le poids des ultraorthodoxes en Isra\u00ebl<\/h3>\n

Aujourd\u2019hui, les ultra-orthodoxes repr\u00e9sentent environ 10 % de la population isra\u00e9lienne. Un pourcentage qui, si les projections d\u00e9mographiques se v\u00e9rifient, pourrait atteindre les 25 % en 2050. Or cette population se caract\u00e9rise \u00e0 la fois par une pratique religieuse particuli\u00e8rement stricte mais aussi un rejet ou une m\u00e9fiance vis-\u00e0-vis du monde non-religieux.<\/p>\n

Consid\u00e9rant la circonscription comme une source de tentations pour les jeunes qui, de fait, pendant leur service militaire, sortent du monde ferm\u00e9 de la pri\u00e8re et de l\u2019\u00e9tude religieuse dans laquelle ils baignent habituellement dans les yeshivot<\/em> (\u00e0 partir de 13 ans) ou les kollel<\/em> (apr\u00e8s leur mariage), les ultraorthodoxes voient d\u2019un tr\u00e8s mauvais les d\u00e9bats entam\u00e9s en 2014.<\/p>\n

\u00c0 l\u2019inverse, dans un pays habitu\u00e9 aux conflits et o\u00f9 l\u2019arm\u00e9e occupe une place fondamentale, cette exception constitue un motif de ressentiment de plus en plus important pour le reste de la population isra\u00e9lienne.<\/p>\n

Une d\u00e9cision condamn\u00e9e par les partis ultraorthodoxes<\/h3>\n

La d\u00e9cision de la Cour \u00e0 peine rendue publique, les premi\u00e8res r\u00e9actions n\u2019ont pas tard\u00e9 \u00e0 se faire entendre. \u00ab C\u2019est un jugement lamentable<\/em> \u00bb a condamn\u00e9 Menahem Eliezer Moses, du parti Juda\u00efsme unifi\u00e9 de la Torah. Sur Twitter, le ministre du parti ultraorthodoxe Shass Ari\u00e9 Dery a qualifi\u00e9 la d\u00e9cision de la Cour de \u00ab totalement d\u00e9connect\u00e9e<\/em> \u00bb des traditions juives, se disant pr\u00eat \u00e0 tout pour \u00ab amender la loi et permettre la poursuite de l\u2019arrangement actuel<\/em> \u00bb.<\/p>\n

Plusieurs dirigeants politiques ont manifest\u00e9 leur m\u00e9contentement, mais sans pour autant menacer de retirer leur appui au gouvernement de Benyamin Netanyahou qui, sans le soutien des ultraorthodoxes, risquerait de perdre sa courte majorit\u00e9 \u00e0 la Knesset.<\/p>\n

Le quotidien The Jerusalem Post a, quant \u00e0 lui, soulign\u00e9 que dans les nombreuses occasions offertes au premier ministre isra\u00e9lien de trancher des crises de ce genre, au sujet par exemple de la pri\u00e8re mixte au Mur occidental ou du travail le jour du shabbat, ce dernier avait \u00ab toujours choisi le camp des ultraorthodoxes<\/em> \u00bb.<\/p>\n

Le d\u00e9lai laiss\u00e9 avant l\u2019entr\u00e9e en vigueur de la d\u00e9cision laisse donc au gouvernement, ou \u00e0 sa majorit\u00e9, la possibilit\u00e9 de changer de cap.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

En Isra\u00ebl, les ultraorthodoxes bient\u00f4t oblig\u00e9s de faire leur service militaire   Mardi 12 septembre, la Cour supr\u00eame isra\u00e9lienne a vot\u00e9 l\u2019annulation d\u2019un texte qui, depuis 1949, exemptait les ultraorthodoxes du service militaire. La d\u00e9cision, prise \u00e0 une majorit\u00e9 de huit contre un par les juges de la Cour, a provoqu\u00e9 le m\u00e9contentement de cette… <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":58524,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"neve_meta_sidebar":"","neve_meta_container":"","neve_meta_enable_content_width":"","neve_meta_content_width":0,"neve_meta_title_alignment":"","neve_meta_author_avatar":"","neve_post_elements_order":"","neve_meta_disable_header":"","neve_meta_disable_footer":"","neve_meta_disable_title":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-58523","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"yoast_head":"\nEn Isra\u00ebl, les ultraorthodoxes bient\u00f4t oblig\u00e9s de faire leur service militaire | HARISSA.COM<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"En Isra\u00ebl, les ultraorthodoxes bient\u00f4t oblig\u00e9s de faire leur 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