{"id":58549,"date":"2017-09-24T19:04:53","date_gmt":"2017-09-24T19:04:53","guid":{"rendered":""},"modified":"2017-09-24T19:04:53","modified_gmt":"2017-09-24T19:04:53","slug":"jean-christophe-attias-meme-pas-rabbin","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/harissa.com\/news-wp\/jean-christophe-attias-meme-pas-rabbin\/","title":{"rendered":"\u00ab\u00a0Jean-Christophe Attias, m\u00eame-pas-rabbin\u00a0\u00bb"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

\u00ab Jean-Christophe Attias, m\u00eame-pas-rabbin \u00bb (portrait, L\u2019Histoire, sept. 2017, p. 28-29)<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n<\/header>\n

\n

Par Pierre Assouline<\/p>\n<\/header>\n

A l\u2019occasion de la publication de son autobiographie, retour sur le parcours, entre deux religions, du grand historien de la pens\u00e9e juive.<\/p>\n

N<\/strong>\u2018allez pas croire tout ce que l\u2019on raconte sur Jean-Christophe Attias, c\u2019est parfaitement vrai. Ainsi \u00e9nonc\u00e9, le personnage est plant\u00e9 comme on le dirait d\u2019un d\u00e9cor : volontiers provocateur, l\u2019ironie dispos\u00e9e, le go\u00fbt du paradoxe, l\u2019esprit l\u00e9g\u00e8rement subversif, l\u2019humour assez caustique et une irr\u00e9pressible qu\u00eate de libert\u00e9. Le titre du livre qu\u2019il publie ces jours-ci est bien \u00e0 son image, Un Juif de mauvaise foi<\/em>. Son r\u00e9cit est ainsi fait qu\u2019il ne peut que d\u00e9sesp\u00e9rer la critique tant il la d\u00e9samorce, s\u2019adressant \u00e0 lui-m\u00eame les reproches qu\u2019on serait tent\u00e9 de lui formuler.<\/p>\n

N\u00e9 \u00e0 Bayeux, il est baptis\u00e9, sa m\u00e8re \u00e9tant catholique et ses parents s\u2019\u00e9tant mari\u00e9s \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9glise. Il sera Jean, comme l\u2019ap\u00f4tre et disciple pr\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9 de J\u00e9sus, et Christophe, autant dire celui qui porte le Christ. Quant \u00e0 Attias, c\u2019est un patronyme s\u00e9farade d\u2019Alg\u00e9rie, celui de son p\u00e8re juif. De quoi nouer un paquet de contradictions en trois mots, jouer sur l\u2019effet de contraste en souriant lorsque la situation s\u2019y pr\u00eate ou le porter comme une croix dans le cas contraire.<\/p>\n

Jean-Christophe Attias est le fils de son p\u00e8re, hant\u00e9 par son souvenir. Philosophe de formation qui entretenait des rapports d\u00e9sinvoltes avec le juda\u00efsme, celui-ci fut surveillant g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de lyc\u00e9e, avant de devenir directeur de coll\u00e8ge. Toute une enfance entre une pr\u00e9sence, celle de son fr\u00e8re, et une absence, celle d\u2019une soeur mort-n\u00e9e deux ans avant lui. \u00ab Ma soeur, en s\u2019abstenant de vivre, m\u2019a assur\u00e9ment fait beaucoup de mal \u00bb<\/em>, \u00e9crit-il. Longtemps, il aura port\u00e9 cette blessure en lui, jamais referm\u00e9e, inexplicablement, jusqu\u2019\u00e0 sa rencontre avec l\u2019historienne Esther Benbassa le 3 novembre 1982, un \u00ab miracle \u00bb<\/em> intervenu dans sa vie tant elle lui a permis de devenir ce qu\u2019il est, de l\u2019aider \u00e0 se sortir d\u2019un juda\u00efsme qui le confinait et de vaincre ses d\u00e9mons : \u00ab Ma femme a tu\u00e9 pour de bon le fant\u00f4me d\u2019une soeur qui hantait ma nuit, permettant enfin au jour de se lever. \u00bb<\/em> Un myst\u00e8re apais\u00e9 mais jamais vraiment r\u00e9solu, augment\u00e9 m\u00eame par l\u2019ambigu\u00eft\u00e9 de sa s\u00e9pulture : une croix et une \u00e9toile de David entrelac\u00e9es. Ainsi prend-il conscience que sa propre histoire est associ\u00e9e \u00e0 la mort.<\/p>\n

Pour sortir du doute, cet \u00eatre qui se reconna\u00eet double car \u00ab tiss\u00e9 de laine et de lin \u00bb<\/em> choisit de tuer le baptis\u00e9 en lui et de devenir un Juif vivant. Sa conversion, effectu\u00e9e de la mani\u00e8re la plus orthodoxe, a pris effet officiellement le 5 f\u00e9vrier 1979. Il avait 20 ans, l\u2019\u00e2ge id\u00e9al pour se mettre soi-m\u00eame au monde.<\/p>\n

Un esprit ind\u00e9pendant<\/strong><\/p>\n

Il ne l\u00e2che pas son Spinoza portatif, ce Trait\u00e9 th\u00e9ologico-politique<\/em> dont il n\u2019a jamais cess\u00e9 de se d\u00e9lecter. Le Portugais d\u2019Amsterdam banni de sa communaut\u00e9 a d\u00fb quelque peu d\u00e9teindre sur lui tant on retrouve chez Jean-Christophe Attias des \u00e9chos de l\u2019attitude de d\u00e9fi, de la volont\u00e9 d\u2019affranchissement, du go\u00fbt de la pol\u00e9mique et de l\u2019ind\u00e9pendance d\u2019esprit du philosophe. On sent son ombre port\u00e9e dans sa mani\u00e8re de rappeler : \u00ab Dieu n\u2019existe pas, j\u2019en ai toujours \u00e9t\u00e9 persuad\u00e9 \u00bb<\/em>, ce qui ne l\u2019a jamais emp\u00each\u00e9 de le prier ardemment, pas seulement durant ses cinq ann\u00e9es de pratique orthodoxe, mais au-del\u00e0, puisqu\u2019il fait de ce leitmotiv \u00ab la seule constante de<\/em> [sa] vie spirituelle \u00bb<\/em>. Vous en \u00eates troubl\u00e9, d\u00e9rout\u00e9, perturb\u00e9 ? C\u2019\u00e9tait bien l\u2019objectif, sa mani\u00e8re \u00e0 lui de dire que la seule question qui vaille n\u2019est pas dans l\u2019existence ou l\u2019inexistence de l\u2019\u00c9ternel, mais dans la confiance qu\u2019on peut lui accorder ou pas. Si le fran\u00e7ais est bien sa langue maternelle, il ressent l\u2019h\u00e9breu comme sa langue paternelle. Agr\u00e9g\u00e9 d\u2019h\u00e9breu moderne et attir\u00e9 par l\u2019histoire contemporaine des Juifs, il ne se veut pas moins m\u00e9di\u00e9viste. Pas mystique pour un sou, il s\u2019est pourtant passionn\u00e9 pour la figure du kabbaliste du XIIIe si\u00e8cle Abraham Aboulafia qu\u2019il a traduit. Et tout cela fait de ce docteur en \u00e9tudes h\u00e9bra\u00efques un pur litt\u00e9raire, comme il aime \u00e0 se d\u00e9finir.<\/p>\n

Pas un ingrat, Attias. Il prend m\u00eame plaisir \u00e0 la reconnaissance de dettes en louant ses ma\u00eetres (Pierre Vidal-Naquet notamment) quitte, au passage, \u00e0 donner quelques coups de griffe aux mandarins et aux abus de pouvoir des autorit\u00e9s administratives. Le r\u00e9cit de ses avanies lorsqu\u2019il postula \u00e0 la direction d\u2019\u00e9tudes sur la chaire \u00ab Juda\u00efsme rabbinique \u00bb de la section des sciences religieuses de l\u2019\u00c9cole pratique des hautes \u00e9tudes, lui le la\u00efc auquel on reprochait de n\u2019\u00eatre \u00ab m\u00eame-pas-rabbin \u00bb, et d\u2019\u00eatre roturier du juda\u00efsme, ignorant du Talmud, candidat des protestants, sans aura communautaire, cheval de Troie des sciences humaines appliqu\u00e9es au juda\u00efsme, entre autres noms d\u2019oiseaux, vaut le d\u00e9tour. Comme un probl\u00e8me de l\u00e9gitimit\u00e9, question qui est d\u2019ailleurs au coeur de l\u2019identit\u00e9 juive et qu\u2019\u00e9prouvent \u00e9galement tous les minoritaires. Cette chaire tant convoit\u00e9e, il y fut finalement nomm\u00e9 par le Minist\u00e8re en 1998 apr\u00e8s que le poste eut \u00e9t\u00e9 mis au concours pour la troisi\u00e8me fois et qu\u2019il y fut r\u00e9\u00e9lu pour la troisi\u00e8me fois.<\/p>\n

Un authentique Juif diasporique<\/strong><\/p>\n

Ainsi le fils d\u2019un Juif \u00ab un peu abstrait \u00bb est-il devenu un Juif \u00ab de mauvaise foi \u00bb apr\u00e8s s\u2019\u00eatre progressivement \u00e9loign\u00e9 de la pratique sans se renier : \u00ab La folie des religieux me fatigue, les int\u00e9gristes m\u2019effraient, les la\u00efcards m\u2019horripilent \u00bb<\/em>, dit-il, dans cet ordre. D\u00e9sormais un authentique Juif diasporique. La dispersion a du bon. Comprenez qu\u2019il a trouv\u00e9 l\u2019\u00e9quilibre, l\u2019harmonie, la l\u00e9g\u00e8ret\u00e9 davantage dans l\u2019exil que dans le retour. Son dernier livre, il l\u2019a \u00e9crit sur un lit de convalescence apr\u00e8s une s\u00e9rieuse alerte, sans archives ni notes, avec de la m\u00e9moire et un peu d\u2019imagination.<\/p>\n

Il n\u2019y a pas de mezouza sur le linteau de la porte de son appartement parisien pr\u00e8s de la Bastille, mais \u00e0 l\u2019int\u00e9rieur, \u00e0 l\u2019entr\u00e9e de son bureau. L\u2019objet rituel, dont il n\u2019a pas v\u00e9rifi\u00e9 l\u2019\u00e9tat calligraphique des extraits du Deut\u00e9ronome qu\u2019il est cens\u00e9 renfermer, lui a \u00e9t\u00e9 transmis par sa grand-m\u00e8re, qui l\u2019a arrach\u00e9 de leur maison de Mascara en quittant l\u2019Alg\u00e9rie. A ses yeux, il dit l\u2019essentiel : l\u2019exil et la fid\u00e9lit\u00e9.<\/p>\n

Aujourd\u2019hui, il ne se sent plus ill\u00e9gitime, m\u00eame si on le renvoie souvent \u00e0 un certain particularisme, ce qui n\u2019est jamais tr\u00e8s agr\u00e9able. A la rentr\u00e9e, il consacrera son s\u00e9minaire de recherche au th\u00e8me \u00ab juda\u00efsme et hybridit\u00e9 \u00bb, en se fondant sur des sources m\u00e9di\u00e9vales et d\u2019autres plus anciennes, \u00e0 partir, comme d\u2019habitude, de textes bibliques et en construisant son cours autour des commentaires qu\u2019ils ont suscit\u00e9s. \u00ab Eh oui, l\u2019hybridit\u00e9, on n\u2019en sort pas. \u00bb<\/em> Ceci dit avec un plaisir sans m\u00e9lange.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

* Journaliste, membre du comit\u00e9 scientifique de<\/em> L\u2019Histoire<\/p>\n

J.-C. Attias, Un Juif de mauvaise foi<\/em>, Latt\u00e8s, 2017.<\/strong><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\n
\n
\n
Image : Maurice Rougemont\/Opale\/Leemage<\/em><\/h6>\n<\/article>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

SES DATES<\/p>\n

1958, 3 mars <\/strong>Naissance \u00e0 Bayeux.<\/p>\n

1980-1991 <\/strong>Professeur certifi\u00e9, puis agr\u00e9g\u00e9 d\u2019h\u00e9breu moderne dans le secondaire.<\/p>\n

1990 <\/strong>Th\u00e8se de doctorat sur Mordekhai Komtino (1402-1482) \u00e0 l\u2019universit\u00e9 Paris-VIII.<\/p>\n

1991-1998 <\/strong>Charg\u00e9 de recherche au CNRS.<\/p>\n

1998 <\/strong>\u00c9lu directeur d\u2019\u00e9tudes \u00e0 l\u2019\u00c9cole pratique des hautes \u00e9tudes sur la chaire de \u00ab Juda\u00efsme rabbinique (VIe-XVIIe si\u00e8cle) \u00bb.<\/p>\n

2006<\/strong> Prix Seligmann contre le racisme, l\u2019injustice et l\u2019intol\u00e9rance pour Juifs et musulmans. Une histoire partag\u00e9e, un dialogue \u00e0 construire <\/em>codirig\u00e9 avec sa femme Esther Benbassa (La D\u00e9couverte).<\/p>\n

2015 <\/strong>Prix Goncourt de la biographie pour son Mo\u00efse fragile<\/em> (Alma).<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u00ab Jean-Christophe Attias, m\u00eame-pas-rabbin \u00bb (portrait, L\u2019Histoire, sept. 2017, p. 28-29)   Par Pierre Assouline A l\u2019occasion de la publication de son autobiographie, retour sur le parcours, entre deux religions, du grand historien de la pens\u00e9e juive. N\u2018allez pas croire tout ce que l\u2019on raconte sur Jean-Christophe Attias, c\u2019est parfaitement vrai. Ainsi \u00e9nonc\u00e9, le personnage est plant\u00e9 comme on le dirait d\u2019un d\u00e9cor : volontiers provocateur,… <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":58550,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"neve_meta_sidebar":"","neve_meta_container":"","neve_meta_enable_content_width":"","neve_meta_content_width":0,"neve_meta_title_alignment":"","neve_meta_author_avatar":"","neve_post_elements_order":"","neve_meta_disable_header":"","neve_meta_disable_footer":"","neve_meta_disable_title":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-58549","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"yoast_head":"\n\u00ab\u00a0Jean-Christophe Attias, m\u00eame-pas-rabbin\u00a0\u00bb | HARISSA.COM<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u00ab Jean-Christophe Attias, m\u00eame-pas-rabbin \u00bb (portrait, L\u2019Histoire, sept. 2017, p. 28-29)   Par Pierre 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