{"id":59183,"date":"2018-01-07T18:33:54","date_gmt":"2018-01-07T18:33:54","guid":{"rendered":""},"modified":"2018-01-07T18:33:54","modified_gmt":"2018-01-07T18:33:54","slug":"le-yemen-pays-de-confrontations-et-de-miseres-par-david-bensoussan","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/harissa.com\/news-wp\/le-yemen-pays-de-confrontations-et-de-miseres-par-david-bensoussan\/","title":{"rendered":"Le Y\u00e9men, pays de confrontations et de mis\u00e8res, par David Bensoussan"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

Le Y\u00e9men, pays de confrontations et de mis\u00e8res, par David Bensoussan<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Le Y\u00e9men risque de couver une nouvelle g\u00e9n\u00e9ration d\u2019extr\u00e9mistes qui s\u2019en prendra tant aux bellig\u00e9rants qu\u2019aux pays qui les soutiennent.<\/p>\n<\/header>\n

\n

Pr\u00e8s de 3 millions de Y\u00e9m\u00e9nites ont \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9plac\u00e9s et pr\u00e8s de 18 millions souffrent d\u2019ins\u00e9curit\u00e9 alimentaire.<\/p>\n

Le Y\u00e9men est le pays le plus pauvre du Proche-Orient. Peupl\u00e9 par 28 millions d’habitants, il est d\u00e9chir\u00e9 par la guerre civile qui a fait plus de 10 000 morts. Pr\u00e8s de 3 millions de Y\u00e9m\u00e9nites ont \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9plac\u00e9s et pr\u00e8s de 18 millions souffrent d’ins\u00e9curit\u00e9 alimentaire. L’embargo de ses ports destin\u00e9s \u00e0 emp\u00eacher le ravitaillement en armes des Houtis par l’Iran nuit aux secours internationaux. Les grues des ports ont \u00e9t\u00e9 mises hors d’action et le manque de ravitaillement en p\u00e9trole emp\u00eache l’activation des pompes de filtrage d’eau, ce qui empire la p\u00e9nurie d’eau potable et l’\u00e9pid\u00e9mie de chol\u00e9ra qui a touch\u00e9 pr\u00e8s d’un million de personnes.<\/p>\n

L’instabilit\u00e9 du Y\u00e9men remonte \u00e0 plusieurs d\u00e9cennies : dans les ann\u00e9es 60, le Y\u00e9men se scinda en deux \u00e9tats : la R\u00e9publique arabe du Y\u00e9men proche de l’Arabie saoudite et la R\u00e9publique d\u00e9mocratique populaire du Y\u00e9men d’all\u00e9geance marxiste. Ces deux \u00e9tats entr\u00e8rent en conflit et ne se r\u00e9concili\u00e8rent au sein d’un \u00e9tat unifi\u00e9 qu’au terme de la guerre froide, en 1990. Mais au nord du pays, les Houtis de confession zaydite – branche de la mouvance chiite – exprim\u00e8rent leur m\u00e9contentement devant un r\u00e9gime qui les marginalisait. Une d\u00e9cennie plus tard, Al-Qaeda dans la P\u00e9ninsule arabe (AQPA) s’installa dans l’arri\u00e8re-pays et les \u00c9tats-Unis y engag\u00e8rent des attaques par drones.<\/p>\n

En 2011, lors du printemps arabe, la population demanda la d\u00e9mission du pr\u00e9sident Ali Abdullah Saleh qui \u00e9tait au pouvoir depuis 32 ans. Ce dernier accepta de c\u00e9der le pouvoir au vice-pr\u00e9sident Abd Rabbo Mansour Hadi. Mais il se ravisa et s’allia aux Houtis contre le nouveau pr\u00e9sident \u00e9lu Hadi lequel trouva refuge en Arabie. Arm\u00e9e par l’Iran, la minorit\u00e9 houtie captura la capitale Sanaa en 2014. Un an plus tard, une coalition form\u00e9e par l’Arabie, les \u00c9mirats arabes unis, le Kowe\u00eft, l’\u00c9gypte, le Maroc, la Jordanie et le Soudan d\u00e9cida d’agir contre les Houtis. Ses bombardements peu pr\u00e9cis de cibles militaires et non militaires ont \u00e9t\u00e9 peu conclusifs. Les Houtis ont \u00e9t\u00e9 repouss\u00e9s, mais contr\u00f4lent encore la capitale. Lorsqu’en d\u00e9cembre 2017 l’ancien pr\u00e9sident Saleh remit en question son alliance avec les Houtis, il fut assassin\u00e9.<\/p>\n

Des tirs de missiles balistiques \u00e0 partir du territoire houti visant la capitale saoudienne ont exasp\u00e9r\u00e9 l’Arabie qui a resserr\u00e9 son embargo sur les ports y\u00e9m\u00e9nites.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Des tirs de missiles balistiques \u00e0 partir du territoire houti visant la capitale saoudienne ont exasp\u00e9r\u00e9 l’Arabie qui a resserr\u00e9 son embargo sur les ports y\u00e9m\u00e9nites. La banque centrale du Y\u00e9men a d\u00e9m\u00e9nag\u00e9 \u00e0 Aden et la fonction publique gouvernementale se retrouve priv\u00e9e de salaires depuis 2016. La majorit\u00e9 des h\u00f4pitaux ont cess\u00e9 de fonctionner et les civils paient le prix fort de ce conflit.<\/p>\n

Selon l’organisation Save the Children<\/em>, plus de 50 000 enfants auraient p\u00e9ri en 1917. L’UNICEF estime qu’un enfant meurt toutes les dix minutes en raison de maladies \u00e9vitables. La mis\u00e8re au Y\u00e9men est avant tout due aux parties qui font peu de cas des pertes civiles, aux bombardements a\u00e9riens de la coalition (plus de 30 000 sorties a\u00e9riennes \u00e0 ce jour), \u00e0 la volont\u00e9 de d\u00e9stabilisation de l’Iran et aussi au trafic auquel se livrent les adversaires qui accentuent intentionnellement les p\u00e9nuries pour faire de plus gros profits.<\/p>\n

Le Y\u00e9men a une importance strat\u00e9gique capitale, car ses ports donnent sur le d\u00e9troit de Bab el-Mandeb dans la Mer rouge, par lequel transitent les p\u00e9troliers en direction du canal de Suez. C’est l’une des raisons pour lesquelles les puissances occidentales soutiennent l’Arabie. Toutefois, \u00e9tant donn\u00e9 que les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s du Y\u00e9men n’affluent pas aux portes de l’Europe, la mis\u00e8re des Y\u00e9m\u00e9nites est moins pr\u00e9sente dans les esprits et les m\u00e9dias occidentaux.<\/p>\n

La situation d\u00e9g\u00e9n\u00e8re sans que l’on entrevoie une issue. Le Y\u00e9men risque de couver une nouvelle g\u00e9n\u00e9ration d’extr\u00e9mistes qui s’en prendra tant aux bellig\u00e9rants qu’aux pays qui les soutiennent.<\/p>\n<\/article>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Le Y\u00e9men, pays de confrontations et de mis\u00e8res, par David Bensoussan   Le Y\u00e9men risque de couver une nouvelle g\u00e9n\u00e9ration d\u2019extr\u00e9mistes qui s\u2019en prendra tant aux bellig\u00e9rants qu\u2019aux pays qui les soutiennent. Pr\u00e8s de 3 millions de Y\u00e9m\u00e9nites ont \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9plac\u00e9s et pr\u00e8s de 18 millions souffrent d\u2019ins\u00e9curit\u00e9 alimentaire. Le Y\u00e9men est le pays le… <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":59184,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"neve_meta_sidebar":"","neve_meta_container":"","neve_meta_enable_content_width":"","neve_meta_content_width":0,"neve_meta_title_alignment":"","neve_meta_author_avatar":"","neve_post_elements_order":"","neve_meta_disable_header":"","neve_meta_disable_footer":"","neve_meta_disable_title":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-59183","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"yoast_head":"\nLe Y\u00e9men, pays de confrontations et de mis\u00e8res, par David Bensoussan | HARISSA.COM<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Le Y\u00e9men, pays de confrontations et de mis\u00e8res, par David Bensoussan   Le Y\u00e9men risque de couver une nouvelle g\u00e9n\u00e9ration d\u2019extr\u00e9mistes qui s\u2019en\" \/>\n<meta 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