{"id":59377,"date":"2018-02-04T17:31:11","date_gmt":"2018-02-04T17:31:11","guid":{"rendered":""},"modified":"2018-02-04T17:31:11","modified_gmt":"2018-02-04T17:31:11","slug":"syrie-allies-dhier-et-adversaires-daujourdhui-par-david-bensoussan","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/harissa.com\/news-wp\/syrie-allies-dhier-et-adversaires-daujourdhui-par-david-bensoussan\/","title":{"rendered":"Syrie : Alli\u00e9s d\u2019hier et adversaires d\u2019aujourd\u2019hui, par David Bensoussan"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

Syrie : Alli\u00e9s d\u2019hier et adversaires d\u2019aujourd\u2019hui<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n<\/header>\n

Le 20 janvier, 72 avions de combat turcs ont \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9p\u00each\u00e9s pour attaquer la r\u00e9gion d\u2019Afrin que les Kurdes contr\u00f4lent. Ils ont d\u00e9coll\u00e9 de la base d\u2019Inkirlink qui abrite les forces de l\u2019OTAN qui soutient les milices kurdes dans sa lutte contre l\u2019\u00c9tat islamique.<\/p>\n

Peu avant l\u2019attaque a\u00e9rienne et terrestre turque, les forces russes stationn\u00e9es \u00e0 l\u2019Est d\u2019Afrin se sont retir\u00e9es. Pourtant, les Russes soutiennent les forces gouvernementales syriennes contre lesquelles la Turquie oppose des forces r\u00e9volutionnaires syriennes.<\/p>\n

Cet arrangement turco-russe s\u2019est fait donnant donnant : les forces turques ont pu attaquer le canton d\u2019Afrin et les forces gouvernementales syriennes du pr\u00e9sident Assad ont pu avancer dans l\u2019Est d\u2019Idlib, causant le d\u00e9part de 200 000 habitants. Peu importe pour les Turcs s\u2019ils laissent tomber les forces r\u00e9volutionnaires syriennes qu\u2019ils ont soutenues jusque-l\u00e0 dans la r\u00e9gion d\u2019Idlib, pour autant qu\u2019ils puissent emp\u00eacher les Kurdes d\u2019Afrin d\u2019affirmer leur autonomie.<\/p>\n

L\u2019Iran se r\u00e9jouit de ce que les forces gouvernementales syriennes qu\u2019il soutient se renforcent et profite du conflit actuel pour mieux \u00e9tablir les dizaines de milliers de miliciens chiites qu\u2019il contr\u00f4le en Syrie m\u00eame.<\/p>\n

De son c\u00f4t\u00e9, la Russie n\u2019est pas m\u00e9contente d\u2019avoir pu miner les rapports entre la Turquie et l\u2019OTAN. Le pr\u00e9sident Poutine veut instaurer la Pax Russia dans la r\u00e9gion. Or, la r\u00e9union de m\u00e9diation de la crise syrienne \u00e0 Sochi n\u2019est pas une r\u00e9ussite car des groupes d\u2019opposition syriens dont les Kurdes ont annul\u00e9 leur participation.<\/p>\n

La r\u00e9action de l\u2019Occident \u00e0 la nouvelle incursion militaire turque en Syrie a \u00e9t\u00e9 mitig\u00e9e et le Conseil de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 a vot\u00e9 une motion demandant de la retenue. Pour l\u2019OTAN, la Turquie occupe un espace g\u00e9ostrat\u00e9gique de choix et l\u2019arm\u00e9e turque est, au plan num\u00e9rique, la seconde en importance. Des messages contradictoires \u00e9manent de Washington et pour cause : compter sur la Turquie d\u2019Erdogan comme alli\u00e9 serait imprudent mais l\u2019ignorer serait insens\u00e9.<\/p>\n

L\u2019obsession antikurde d\u2019Erdogan<\/strong><\/p>\n

Le gouvernement turc accuse les Kurdes du YPG d\u2019\u00eatre affili\u00e9s \u00e0 la mouvance kurde du PKK qui a conduit de nombreuses op\u00e9rations terroristes par le pass\u00e9. Aussi le YPG a-t-il chang\u00e9 son nom en celui des Forces d\u00e9mocratiques syriennes et les Kurdes y comptent 27 000 des 50 000 conscrits. Ce sont les Kurdes qui se sont montr\u00e9s coriaces et fiables dans la lutte contre l\u2019\u00c9tat islamique. Ils ont \u00e9t\u00e9 arm\u00e9s par les \u00c9tats-Unis alors m\u00eame qu\u2019ils contr\u00f4laient le sud de la fronti\u00e8re turque.<\/p>\n

En ao\u00fbt 2016, la Turquie appuy\u00e9e par des milices turkm\u00e8nes islamistes a occup\u00e9 une enclave en territoire syrien pour emp\u00eacher la consolidation de la continuit\u00e9 territoriale kurde. \u00c0 l\u2019Ouest et non loin de la M\u00e9diterran\u00e9e est le canton d\u2019Afrin peupl\u00e9 de 600 000 \u00e2mes. \u00c0 l\u2019Est se trouvent les cantons de Koban\u00e9 et de Jazir\u00e9 contr\u00f4l\u00e9s par les Kurdes du YPG et o\u00f9 sont stationn\u00e9s 2 000 hommes de troupe am\u00e9ricains.<\/p>\n

Le pr\u00e9sident Erdogan a tr\u00e8s mal pris l\u2019annonce faite 6 jours plus t\u00f4t en regard de la formation d\u2019une arm\u00e9e arabo-kurde de 30 000 hommes au Nord-est de la Syrie, arm\u00e9e cens\u00e9e bloquer l\u2019avanc\u00e9e iranienne et emp\u00eacher la formation d\u2019un nouvel \u00c9tat islamique. Tout en attaquant le canton d\u2019Afrin, le pr\u00e9sident Erdogan menace d\u2019\u00e9tendre son incursion \u00e0 l\u2019Est et pourrait alors entrer en conflit avec les forces de l\u2019OTAN.<\/p>\n

Erdogan se pr\u00e9pare aux prochaines \u00e9lections<\/strong><\/p>\n

L\u2019Am\u00e9rique n\u2019a pas les moyens d\u2019influence sur la Turquie comme par le pass\u00e9. D\u2019une part, l\u2019influence russe sur la Turquie a consid\u00e9rablement augment\u00e9. De l\u2019autre, le Qatar soutient financi\u00e8rement la Turquie en s\u2019engageant \u00e0 y investir 40 milliards de dollars en deux ans.<\/p>\n

Erdogan a ignor\u00e9 le message de Trump qui a exprim\u00e9 sa pr\u00e9occupation vis-\u00e0-vis de la rh\u00e9torique destructive du gouvernement turc et a demand\u00e9 que la Turquie limite ses op\u00e9rations afin d\u2019\u00e9viter des pertes civiles et un afflux de r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s. Mais Erdogan continue de menacer d\u2019occuper Manbij \u00e0 l\u2019Est de l\u2019Euphrate, ville o\u00f9 des forces am\u00e9ricaines sont pr\u00e9sentes.<\/p>\n

Du point de vue d\u2019Erdogan, les \u00c9tats-Unis ne partagent pas sa crainte en regard de la menace kurde ; l\u2019Europe lui refuse l\u2019entr\u00e9e de la Turquie \u00e0 l\u2019union europ\u00e9enne. L\u2019op\u00e9ration militaire contre la r\u00e9gion d\u2019Afrin lui sert \u00e0 attiser puissamment la fr\u00e9n\u00e9sie nationaliste turque et \u00e0 rallier l\u2019opinion en vue des prochaines \u00e9lections en 2019.<\/p>\n

Seul le parti kurde de Turquie s\u2019est montr\u00e9 r\u00e9serv\u00e9 par rapport \u00e0 cette incursion turque en territoire contr\u00f4l\u00e9 par les Kurdes de Syrie. Quelques dizaines de personnes et 5 journalistes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 arr\u00eat\u00e9s apr\u00e8s qu\u2019ils aient critiqu\u00e9 l\u2019op\u00e9ration militaire turque en Syrie.<\/p>\n

Les oubli\u00e9s de l\u2019histoire<\/strong><\/p>\n

Quant aux Kurdes, ces oubli\u00e9s de l\u2019histoire, ils se sentent encore une fois trahis par l\u2019Occident. Le trait\u00e9 de S\u00e8vres qui pr\u00e9voyait un \u00e9tat kurde en 1916 n\u2019a jamais \u00e9t\u00e9 appliqu\u00e9. Les droits linguistiques des Kurdes au Moyen-Orient ont \u00e9t\u00e9 partout bafou\u00e9s et ils ont \u00e9t\u00e9 victimes de plusieurs massacres.<\/p>\n

En Syrie, bien des Kurdes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9chus de leur nationalit\u00e9 syrienne, ce qui les a priv\u00e9s du droit \u00e0 la propri\u00e9t\u00e9 et facilit\u00e9 le transfert de populations ordonn\u00e9 par le gouvernement syrien. En Irak, le r\u00e9f\u00e9rendum sur l\u2019ind\u00e9pendance du Kurdistan en 2017 a \u00e9t\u00e9 ignor\u00e9 par les puissances occidentales.<\/p>\n

Pourquoi les Kurdes de Syrie appuieraient-ils la lutte contre l\u2019avanc\u00e9e iranienne au Nord-est de la Syrie si leurs propres int\u00e9r\u00eats sont ignor\u00e9s ? Par ailleurs, les Kurdes de Syrie sont conscients que la Russie se sert d\u2019eux comme d\u2019un pion pour moduler des pressions sur le gouvernement turc.<\/p>\n

Il n\u2019est pas dit que les 10 000 Kurdes bien arm\u00e9s d\u2019Afrin se laisseront faire sans opposer une r\u00e9sistance farouche. Ils esp\u00e8rent encore obtenir un soutien am\u00e9ricain ou une promesse d\u2019autonomie qui aurait un aval russo-am\u00e9ricain.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Syrie : Alli\u00e9s d\u2019hier et adversaires d\u2019aujourd\u2019hui   Le 20 janvier, 72 avions de combat turcs ont \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9p\u00each\u00e9s pour attaquer la r\u00e9gion d\u2019Afrin que les Kurdes contr\u00f4lent. Ils ont d\u00e9coll\u00e9 de la base d\u2019Inkirlink qui abrite les forces de l\u2019OTAN qui soutient les milices kurdes dans sa lutte contre l\u2019\u00c9tat islamique. Peu avant l\u2019attaque… <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":59378,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"neve_meta_sidebar":"","neve_meta_container":"","neve_meta_enable_content_width":"","neve_meta_content_width":0,"neve_meta_title_alignment":"","neve_meta_author_avatar":"","neve_post_elements_order":"","neve_meta_disable_header":"","neve_meta_disable_footer":"","neve_meta_disable_title":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-59377","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"yoast_head":"\nSyrie : Alli\u00e9s d\u2019hier et adversaires d\u2019aujourd\u2019hui, par David Bensoussan | HARISSA.COM<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Syrie : Alli\u00e9s d\u2019hier et adversaires d\u2019aujourd\u2019hui   Le 20 janvier, 72 avions de combat turcs ont \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9p\u00each\u00e9s pour attaquer la r\u00e9gion 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