{"id":60013,"date":"2018-05-27T16:42:54","date_gmt":"2018-05-27T16:42:54","guid":{"rendered":""},"modified":"2018-05-27T16:42:54","modified_gmt":"2018-05-27T16:42:54","slug":"militarisation-grandissante-en-mer-rouge-par-david-bensoussan","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/harissa.com\/news-wp\/militarisation-grandissante-en-mer-rouge-par-david-bensoussan\/","title":{"rendered":"Militarisation grandissante en mer Rouge, par David Bensoussan"},"content":{"rendered":"

Militarisation grandissante en mer Rouge<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

David Bensoussan<\/span><\/span><\/b><\/p>\n

L\u2019auteur est professeur de sciences \u00e0 l\u2019Universit\u00e9 du Qu\u00e9bec<\/span><\/span><\/i><\/b><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Une demi-douzaine de pays se positionnent en mer Rouge, \u00e9tablissant des bases militaires en vue d\u2019une \u00e9ventuelle conflagration dans le futur.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

La mer Rouge relie le canal de Suez \u00e0 l\u2019Oc\u00e9an indien par l\u2019\u00e9troit d\u00e9troit de Bab-el-Mandeb, constituant ainsi un atout strat\u00e9gique de premier plan. Les pays riverains sont du Nord au Sud : le Y\u00e9men, l\u2019Arabie, la Jordanie et Isra\u00ebl sur la rive orientale de la Mer rouge, la Somalie, Djibouti, l\u2019\u00c9rythr\u00e9e, le Soudan et l\u2019\u00c9gypte sur la rive occidentale.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

C\u2019est par le d\u00e9troit de Bab-el-Mandeb que les p\u00e9troliers des pays du Golfe transitent \u00e0 destination de l\u2019Europe par le biais du canal de Suez[1]<\/span><\/span><\/span>. Par ailleurs, les Iraniens tentent de s\u2019installer en Mer Rouge : pour cela, ils ont construit une base en Somalie dans les ann\u00e9es 90. Des Gardes r\u00e9volutionnaires iraniens ont \u00e9t\u00e9 stationn\u00e9s \u00e0 Port Soudan afin de mieux infiltrer des armes vers le Sina\u00ef et la bande de Gaza.  Le conflit entre l\u2019Arabie saoudite et l\u2019Iran devenant de plus en plus polaris\u00e9, l\u2019Arabie a exerc\u00e9 des pressions pour que l\u2019Iran \u00e9vacue sa base et le Soudan a rompu ses relations diplomatiques avec l\u2019Iran. Les Houtis qui appartiennent \u00e0 une mouvance chiite sont soutenus par l\u2019Iran; ils contr\u00f4lent le littoral ouest du Y\u00e9men, mais la coalition des pays du Golfe contr\u00f4le les acc\u00e8s aux ports ce qui accro\u00eet la mis\u00e8re de la population y\u00e9m\u00e9nite qui souffre de malnutrition et de manque d\u2019eau potable.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Forte de l\u2019appui financier du Qatar, la Turquie affirme aussi sa pr\u00e9sence en Somalie et au Soudan. Une base militaire turque et un port sont en construction dans l\u2019\u00eele de Souakin au large du Soudan et non loin de la fronti\u00e8re soudano-\u00e9gyptienne, gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 un financement qatari de 4 milliards de dollars. Par le pass\u00e9, cette \u00eele fut un bastion ottoman. Le Qatar h\u00e9berge \u00e9galement une base militaire turque. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

L\u2019\u00c9gypte, l\u2019Arabie et les \u00e9mirats du Golfe sont \u00e0 couteaux tir\u00e9s avec le Qatar, entre autres du fait que le Qatar – et la Turquie – soutiennent les Fr\u00e8res musulmans. L\u2019\u00c9gypte qui a mis aux arr\u00eats les activistes des Fr\u00e8res musulmans voit avec grande inqui\u00e9tude la pr\u00e9sence turque dans le Golfe et dans la Mer Rouge.  En outre, un conflit larv\u00e9 existe entre l\u2019\u00c9gypte et l\u2019\u00c9thiopie, car ce pays s\u2019appr\u00eate \u00e0 mettre en op\u00e9ration un immense barrage sur le Nil bleu, ce qui inqui\u00e8te fortement l\u2019\u00c9gypte qui d\u00e9pend du Nil pour sa survie. Les besoins en eau des pays africains et notamment ceux de l\u2019\u00c9thiopie augmentent et l\u2019\u00c9gypte craint que cette nouvelle r\u00e9alit\u00e9 ne nuise \u00e0 son approvisionnement.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

La plupart des grandes puissances, dont la<\/span><\/span><\/span> France, les \u00c9tats-Unis, la Grande-Bretagne, la Chine[2]<\/span><\/span><\/span> et m\u00eame le Japon <\/span><\/span><\/span>ont install\u00e9 des bases militaires \u00e0 Djibouti. <\/span><\/span><\/span>La Chine d\u00e9tient 60 % de la dette djiboutienne et<\/span><\/span><\/span> dispose de 10 000 soldats \u00e0 Djibouti en plus de plusieurs milliers de Chinois \u0153uvrant dans des projets d\u2019infrastructure. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Au Sud de Djibouti, les \u00c9mirats arabes unis financent un nouveau port g\u00e9ant ainsi qu\u2019une base militaire \u00e0 Berbera, capitale du gouvernement s\u00e9cessionniste somalien de Somaliland. Cela enrage le gouvernement somalien de Mogadiscio qui b\u00e9n\u00e9ficie d\u2019importants investissements qataris et turcs.  <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Dans un autre ordre d\u2019id\u00e9es, l\u2019Inde utilise la base de Duqm \u00e0 l\u2019embouchure du Golfe persique d\u2019Oman. De son c\u00f4t\u00e9, la Chine y investit plus de 10 milliards de dollars. Il faut prendre en compte le fait que la plus grande base am\u00e9ricaine au Proche Orient se trouve au Qatar qui h\u00e9berge \u00e9galement une base militaire turque. Il est question de d\u00e9placer la base am\u00e9ricaine en Arabie m\u00eame. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

L\u2019Europe veut prot\u00e9ger les voies p\u00e9troli\u00e8res et la Chine d\u00e9sire disposer de points d\u2019ancrage pour s\u00e9curiser les routes de la soie maritimes. L\u2019Iran cherche \u00e0 affaiblir la coalition sunnite pour mieux imposer son h\u00e9g\u00e9monie au Proche Orient et la Turquie du pr\u00e9sident Erdogan veut faire revivre la grandeur de l\u2019Empire ottoman. La r\u00e9gion de Bab-el-Mandeb devient de plus en plus convoit\u00e9e[3]<\/span><\/span><\/span>. Il ne faut pas oublier que c\u2019est le blocus naval du d\u00e9troit de Tiran au Nord de la Mer rouge par le pr\u00e9sident \u00e9gyptien Nasser qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 un des principaux facteurs du d\u00e9clenchement de la Guerre des Six jours. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

. Half the oil imported by China goes through the Mandeb Strait, and most Chinese exports to Europe are transported through the Gulf of Aden and Suez Canal. In 2015, the Chinese navy conducted exercises with its Russian counterpart in the Mediterranean. This year, while en route to another joint Russian-Chinese exercise in the Baltic, Beijing conducted a live fire drill in the Mediterranean. The Chinese vision of a new maritime Silk Road is closely related to the official celebration of Zheng He, the early 15th<\/sup> century admiral who brought China fame and power through his voyages in Southeast Asia and across the Indian Ocean to Africa.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n
\n
\n

[1]<\/span><\/span><\/span> Les travaux d\u00e9but\u00e9s en 2015 au canal de Suez vont permettre de faire passer le trafic maritime de 49 \u00e0 97 navires<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[2]<\/span><\/span><\/span> La majorit\u00e9 des exportations chinoises vers l\u2019Europe empruntent la voie du Canal de Suez et la moiti\u00e9 du p\u00e9trole import\u00e9 par la Chine emprunte la voie de Bab El Mandeb.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a>3<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a> Un p\u00e9trolier saoudien a \u00e9t\u00e9 attaqu\u00e9 par des bateaux houtis au large de Hodeidah au mois d\u2019avril 2018. L\u2019aviation des \u00c9mirats arabes unis a d\u00e9truit deux bateaux houtis le mois suivant.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Militarisation grandissante en mer Rouge David Bensoussan L\u2019auteur est professeur de sciences \u00e0 l\u2019Universit\u00e9 du Qu\u00e9bec   Une demi-douzaine de pays se positionnent en mer Rouge, \u00e9tablissant des bases militaires en vue d\u2019une \u00e9ventuelle conflagration dans le futur. La mer Rouge relie le canal de Suez \u00e0 l\u2019Oc\u00e9an indien par l\u2019\u00e9troit d\u00e9troit de Bab-el-Mandeb, constituant… <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":60014,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"neve_meta_sidebar":"","neve_meta_container":"","neve_meta_enable_content_width":"","neve_meta_content_width":0,"neve_meta_title_alignment":"","neve_meta_author_avatar":"","neve_post_elements_order":"","neve_meta_disable_header":"","neve_meta_disable_footer":"","neve_meta_disable_title":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-60013","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"yoast_head":"\nMilitarisation grandissante en mer Rouge, par David Bensoussan | HARISSA.COM<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Militarisation grandissante en mer Rouge David Bensoussan L\u2019auteur est professeur de sciences \u00e0 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