{"id":60141,"date":"2018-06-21T16:49:37","date_gmt":"2018-06-21T16:49:37","guid":{"rendered":""},"modified":"2018-06-21T16:49:37","modified_gmt":"2018-06-21T16:49:37","slug":"la-tunisie-pionniere-de-reformes-en-terre-dislam","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/harissa.com\/news-wp\/la-tunisie-pionniere-de-reformes-en-terre-dislam\/","title":{"rendered":"La Tunisie, pionni\u00e8re de r\u00e9formes en terre d\u2019islam"},"content":{"rendered":"<header>\n<p itemprop=\"headline\">La Tunisie, pionni\u00e8re de r\u00e9formes en terre d\u2019islam<\/p>\n<\/header>\n<header>\n<p>Marie Verdier &#8211; La Croix<\/p>\n<\/header>\n<section>\n<p>La Commission tunisienne des libert\u00e9s individuelles et de l\u2019\u00e9galit\u00e9 propose une palette de r\u00e9formes dont l\u2019\u00e9galit\u00e9 en mati\u00e8re d\u2019h\u00e9ritage, l\u2019abolition de la peine de mort et la d\u00e9p\u00e9nalisation de l\u2019homosexualit\u00e9.<\/p>\n<p>Elle sugg\u00e8re aussi des \u00e9volutions plus limit\u00e9es pour laisser le choix au l\u00e9gislateur plut\u00f4t que de risquer d\u2019essuyer un refus total.<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<p itemprop=\"description\">La pr\u00e9sidente de la commission tunisienne des libert\u00e9s individuelles et de l\u2019\u00e9galit\u00e9 Bochra Belhaj Hmida \u00e9change avec la juriste Saloua Hamrouni pendant la remise du rapport \u00e0 la presse ce mercredi 20 juin 2018. \/ Fethi Belaid\/AFP<\/p>\n<p><em>\u00ab&nbsp;Une vraie r\u00e9volution, un acte de civilisation\u2009!&nbsp;\u00bb<\/em>&nbsp;La juriste Monia Ben Jemia, ancienne pr\u00e9sidente de l\u2019Association tunisienne des femmes d\u00e9mocrates (ATFD), ne boude pas son plaisir \u00e0 la lecture du rapport de la Commission des libert\u00e9s individuelles et de l\u2019\u00e9galit\u00e9 (Colibe).<\/p>\n<p>Dans son rapport rendu public mercredi 20 juin, la Colibe cr\u00e9\u00e9e par d\u00e9cret pr\u00e9sidentiel le 13&nbsp;ao\u00fbt 2017, d\u00e9fend des r\u00e9formes soci\u00e9tales pour mettre le droit tunisien en harmonie avec la Constitution de 2014 (et les conventions internationales) qui pr\u00f4ne l\u2019\u00e9galit\u00e9 des citoyens et la libert\u00e9 de conscience.<\/p>\n<p>Les neuf membres de la commission (juristes, islamologues, anthropologues, militants des droits humains) pr\u00e9conisent l\u2019abolition de la peine de mort, qui reste prononc\u00e9e par des magistrats m\u00eame s\u2019il existe un moratoire de fait depuis 1991. Selon la coalition tunisienne contre la peine de mort, les prisons tunisiennes abritent 77&nbsp;condamn\u00e9s \u00e0 mort.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3>L\u2019homosexualit\u00e9 ne devrait plus \u00eatre un d\u00e9lit<\/h3>\n<p>Les experts se prononcent aussi pour l\u2019\u00e9galit\u00e9 en mati\u00e8re d\u2019h\u00e9ritage entre fr\u00e8res et s\u0153urs, fils et filles, \u00e9poux et \u00e9pouse, sans ouvrir le vaste chantier de la r\u00e9forme de la totalit\u00e9 du droit successoral. Ils recommandent de supprimer la dot comme condition pour le mariage et pour la consommation du mariage.<\/p>\n<p>Au sein de la famille, ils conseillent d\u2019abolir le r\u00f4le de chef de famille d\u00e9volu au p\u00e8re, d\u2019instaurer l\u2019autorit\u00e9 parentale partag\u00e9e et de garantir les m\u00eames droits \u00e0 tous les enfants qu\u2019ils soient n\u00e9s dans ou hors mariage. L\u2019homosexualit\u00e9 ne devrait plus \u00eatre un d\u00e9lit.<\/p>\n<p>L\u2019article&nbsp;230 du code p\u00e9nal, qui punit de trois ans d\u2019emprisonnement la sodomie, devrait \u00eatre abrog\u00e9, de m\u00eame que la pratique encore courante du test anal. L\u2019an dernier, au moins 70&nbsp;personnes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 condamn\u00e9es \u00e0 de la prison ferme pour homosexualit\u00e9, selon l\u2019Association tunisienne de d\u00e9fense des libert\u00e9s individuelles (Adli).<\/p>\n<h3>Le respect de la libert\u00e9 de conscience<\/h3>\n<p>Enfin, la mention de la religion devrait \u00eatre supprim\u00e9e des lois relatives aux droits civils. L\u2019interdiction de la vente d\u2019alcool, la fermeture des caf\u00e9s et restaurants pendant le Ramadan devraient \u00eatre lev\u00e9es dans le respect de la libert\u00e9 de conscience que la protection du sacr\u00e9 ne doit pas entraver. Le crime de blasph\u00e8me devrait \u00eatre supprim\u00e9 et l\u2019appel au suicide p\u00e9nalis\u00e9.<\/p>\n<p>Telles sont les principales conclusions et convictions de la commission.&nbsp;<em>\u00ab&nbsp;La Colibe explique que r\u00e9f\u00e9rents religieux et d\u00e9fense des droits humains inscrits dans la Constitution ne sont pas en contradiction et qu\u2019il est l\u00e9gitime de revoir les r\u00e8gles de la charia \u00e9tablies par des humains, dans la lign\u00e9e de l\u2019historique r\u00e9formisme tunisien&nbsp;\u00bb,&nbsp;<\/em>approuve Monia Ben Jemia.<\/p>\n<p><em>\u00ab&nbsp;Mais il y a toujours un mais,<\/em>&nbsp;reconna\u00eet la juriste Kalthoum Meziou.&nbsp;<em>Face \u00e0 ces questions soci\u00e9tales sensibles, la commission a propos\u00e9 d\u2019autres options&nbsp;\u00bb<\/em>. Ainsi l\u2019\u00e9galit\u00e9 en mati\u00e8re d\u2019h\u00e9ritage pourrait \u00eatre refus\u00e9e par testament. Ou, autre option, une fille pourrait refuser l\u2019in\u00e9galit\u00e9 en vigueur selon laquelle elle h\u00e9rite moiti\u00e9 moins que son fr\u00e8re.&nbsp;<em>\u00ab&nbsp;Cela fait tout de m\u00eame progresser dans les esprits l\u2019id\u00e9e que l\u2019\u00e9galit\u00e9 est une perspective envisageable&nbsp;\u00bb,<\/em>&nbsp;estime Kalthoum Meziou.<\/p>\n<h3>\u00ab&nbsp;De nombreux imams m\u00e8nent d\u00e9j\u00e0 campagne contre&nbsp;\u00bb<\/h3>\n<p>De m\u00eame, \u00e0 d\u00e9faut d\u2019abolition de la peine de mort, celle-ci pourrait \u00eatre circonscrite \u00e0 certains crimes de sang. Ou faute de vouloir supprimer le d\u00e9lit d\u2019homosexualit\u00e9, la peine de prison pourrait \u00eatre remplac\u00e9e par une amende.<em>\u00ab&nbsp;La commission agit par pragmatisme pour \u00e9viter que des propositions soient rejet\u00e9es par les parlementaires, emp\u00eachant du coup toute alternative&nbsp;\u00bb,<\/em>&nbsp;analyse Monia Ben Jemia.<\/p>\n<p><em>\u00ab&nbsp;La Ligue tunisienne des droits de l\u2019homme, l\u2019ATFD, l\u2019Adli, Shams qui d\u00e9fend les homosexuels, etc. Toutes les grandes ONG ont appel\u00e9 \u00e0 soutenir les propositions les plus audacieuses du rapport&nbsp;\u00bb,<\/em>&nbsp;rel\u00e8ve Mohamed Ch\u00e9rif Ferjani, politologue \u00e0 l\u2019universit\u00e9 de Lyon 2. En revanche,&nbsp;<em>\u00ab&nbsp;de nombreux imams m\u00e8nent d\u00e9j\u00e0 campagne contre dans les mosqu\u00e9es&nbsp;\u00bb<\/em>.<\/p>\n<p>Tous se tournent vers le pr\u00e9sident de la R\u00e9publique, Beji Ca\u00efd Essebsi, qui n\u2019a pas encore publiquement r\u00e9agi. Ils esp\u00e8rent qu\u2019il fera des annonces le 13&nbsp;ao\u00fbt, Journ\u00e9e de la femme en Tunisie. D\u2019autant que le temps est compt\u00e9 pour l\u2019adoption de r\u00e9formes avant les \u00e9lections l\u00e9gislative et pr\u00e9sidentielle de fin 2019.<\/p>\n<p>&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;-<\/p>\n<h3>\u00ab La commission renonce au caract\u00e8re universel de la loi \u00bb<\/h3>\n<p><strong>H\u00e9l\u00e9 B\u00e9ji,<\/strong>&nbsp;<em>philosophe<\/em><\/p>\n<p>\u00ab C\u2019est une erreur d\u2019avoir voulu r\u00e9gler en m\u00eame temps toutes les questions. L\u2019\u00e9galit\u00e9 en mati\u00e8re d\u2019h\u00e9ritage \u2013 qui concerne la moiti\u00e9 de la population \u2013 est un enjeu religieux et aurait m\u00e9rit\u00e9 \u00e0 elle seule un rapport. Alors que les questions de la peine de mort, de l\u2019homosexualit\u00e9 \u2013 tr\u00e8s importantes au demeurant \u2013 rel\u00e8vent d\u2019un conservatisme soci\u00e9tal.<\/p>\n<p>Par peur de l\u2019\u00e9chec, la commission a pr\u00e9conis\u00e9 l\u2019\u00e9galit\u00e9 en mati\u00e8re d\u2019h\u00e9ritage tout en autorisant le p\u00e8re \u00e0 y d\u00e9roger par testament. Elle ent\u00e9rine ainsi la sup\u00e9riorit\u00e9 de la conscience religieuse et renonce au caract\u00e8re universel de la loi. \u00bb<\/p>\n<p>&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;-<\/p>\n<h3>\u00c9galit\u00e9 et libert\u00e9s dans la Constitution tunisienne<\/h3>\n<p>L\u2019\u00c9tat prot\u00e8ge la religion, garantit la libert\u00e9 de croyance, de conscience et de l\u2019exercice des cultes (article 6).<\/p>\n<p>Les citoyens et les citoyennes sont \u00e9gaux en droits et en devoirs. L\u2019\u00c9tat leur garantit les libert\u00e9s et les droits individuels et collectifs (article 21).<\/p>\n<p>L\u2019\u00c9tat prot\u00e8ge la dignit\u00e9 de l\u2019\u00eatre humain et son int\u00e9grit\u00e9 physique et interdit la torture morale ou physique (article 23).<\/p>\n<p>Les libert\u00e9s d\u2019opinion, de pens\u00e9e, d\u2019expression, d\u2019information et de publication sont garanties (article 31).<\/p>\n<p>Aucune r\u00e9vision ne peut porter atteinte aux acquis en mati\u00e8re de droits de l\u2019Homme et de libert\u00e9s garantis par la pr\u00e9sente Constitution (article 49).<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>La Tunisie, pionni\u00e8re de r\u00e9formes en terre d\u2019islam Marie Verdier &#8211; La Croix La Commission tunisienne des libert\u00e9s individuelles et de l\u2019\u00e9galit\u00e9 propose une palette de r\u00e9formes dont l\u2019\u00e9galit\u00e9 en mati\u00e8re d\u2019h\u00e9ritage, l\u2019abolition de la peine de mort et la d\u00e9p\u00e9nalisation de l\u2019homosexualit\u00e9. Elle sugg\u00e8re aussi des \u00e9volutions plus limit\u00e9es pour laisser le choix au&hellip;&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":60142,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"neve_meta_sidebar":"","neve_meta_container":"","neve_meta_enable_content_width":"","neve_meta_content_width":0,"neve_meta_title_alignment":"","neve_meta_author_avatar":"","neve_post_elements_order":"","neve_meta_disable_header":"","neve_meta_disable_footer":"","neve_meta_disable_title":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-60141","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.6 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>La Tunisie, pionni\u00e8re de r\u00e9formes en terre d\u2019islam | HARISSA.COM<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"La Tunisie, pionni\u00e8re de r\u00e9formes en terre d\u2019islam Marie Verdier - 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