{"id":60677,"date":"2018-10-14T17:23:26","date_gmt":"2018-10-14T17:23:26","guid":{"rendered":""},"modified":"2018-10-14T17:23:26","modified_gmt":"2018-10-14T17:23:26","slug":"lunion-europeenne-et-les-sanctions-contre-liran-david-bensoussan","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/harissa.com\/news-wp\/lunion-europeenne-et-les-sanctions-contre-liran-david-bensoussan\/","title":{"rendered":"L\u2019Union europeenne et les sanctions contre l\u2019Iran – David Bensoussan"},"content":{"rendered":"

L\u2019Union europ\u00e9enne et les sanctions contre l\u2019Iran<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/b><\/p>\n

David Bensoussan<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

L\u2019auteur est professeur de sciences \u00e0 l\u2019Universit\u00e9 du Qu\u00e9bec<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Le pr\u00e9sident Trump n\u2019a jamais m\u00e2ch\u00e9 ses mots pour critiquer l\u2019accord des 5 +1 conclu par les \u00c9tats-Unis, la Russie, la Chine, la France et la Grande-Bretagne ainsi que l\u2019Allemagne avec l\u2019Iran au sujet du contr\u00f4le du programme nucl\u00e9aire iranien sign\u00e9 \u00e0 Vienne, en juillet 2015. Il a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 unilat\u00e9ralement de se <\/span><\/span><\/span>retirer<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> de cet accord et de retourner au r\u00e9gime de sanctions contre l\u2019Iran. Ces sanctions touchent \u00e9galement les compagnies qui transigent avec ce pays, car elles ne pourront faire affaire avec les \u00c9tats-Unis. \u00c9tant que pour les Europ\u00e9ens, le march\u00e9 \u00e0 l\u2019exportation iranien d\u2019une vingtaine de milliards de dollars est relativement n\u00e9gligeable par rapport au march\u00e9 am\u00e9ricain \u00e9valu\u00e9 \u00e0 plus de 350 millions de dollars, il ne faut pas s\u2019\u00e9tonner de ce que les compagnies europ\u00e9ennes se retirent de l\u2019Iran. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

La premi\u00e8re s\u00e9rie de sanctions a pris effet le 6 ao\u00fbt et touche les transactions financi\u00e8res, les importations de mati\u00e8res premi\u00e8res et les secteurs de l\u2019automobile et de l\u2019a\u00e9ronautique. \u00c0 la suite de cette mesure, plusieurs compagnies se sont retir\u00e9es du march\u00e9 iranien : c\u2019est le cas des compagnies Siemens, Deutsche Telekom (communications), Volkswagen, Peugeot, Renault (automobile), Danieli (m\u00e9tallurgie), Maersk (conteneurs). Air France et British Airways ont mis fin \u00e0 leurs op\u00e9rations en Iran. Les compagnies Airbus et Boeing ont annul\u00e9 des contrats de vente de plusieurs dizaines de milliards de dollars. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

La seconde s\u00e9rie de sanctions prend effet en novembre et touche le secteur \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique. D\u00e9j\u00e0 la Cor\u00e9e du Sud, le Japon et l\u2019Inde ont annonc\u00e9 leur intention de cesser leurs importations de p\u00e9trole iranien. La compagnie fran\u00e7aise Total s\u2019est retir\u00e9e d\u2019un projet d\u2019investissement de 5 milliards de dollars dans les infrastructures p\u00e9troli\u00e8res et gazi\u00e8res iraniennes. L\u2019Iran qui produit quotidiennement 2,5 millions barils de p\u00e9trole s\u2019attend \u00e0 ce que ses exportations se r\u00e9duisent de 75% et qu\u2019elles se transigent \u00e0 tr\u00e8s bas prix. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

L\u2019effet des sanctions sur l\u2019\u00e9conomie iranienne<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/b><\/p>\n

En Iran, l\u2019inflation atteint 24% et le ch\u00f4mage touche 30% des jeunes. La monnaie iranienne a perdu 50% de sa valeur depuis le mois d\u2019avril. Le cours non officiel atteint plus de  150 000 rials compar\u00e9s au taux officiel de 42 000 rials. \u00c0 lui seul, le secteur \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique qui sera rudement touch\u00e9 \u00e0 partir du mois de novembre repr\u00e9sente <\/span><\/span><\/span>20% du PNB iranien et 50% du revenu gouvernemental. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Le public iranien est frustr\u00e9 de ce que son pays qui vient au 27e rang international sur le plan du produit int\u00e9rieur brut, poss\u00e8de 10% des r\u00e9serves mondiales de p\u00e9trole et 14% des r\u00e9serves en gaz naturel ne voit pas les retomb\u00e9es de cette richesse et soit r\u00e9duit au troc et au march\u00e9 noir. L\u2019Iran est class\u00e9 au 130\u00e9 rang sur le plan de la perception de corruption selon Transparency International et le corps des Gardiens de la R\u00e9volution se conduit comme un \u00e9tat dans l\u2019\u00e9tat. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Les slogans qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 entendus en Iran expriment cette frustration : \u00ab Mort au dictateur; non \u00e0 Gaza et non au Liban; mort au Hezbollah; mort \u00e0 la R\u00e9publique islamique; mort \u00e0 la Palestine; laissez tomber la Syrie et occupez-vous de nous. \u00bb <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

La r\u00e9action de l\u2019Iran<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/b><\/p>\n

Mis \u00e0 part le langage injurieux envers les \u00c9tats-Unis, l\u2019Iran menace de fermer le Golfe persique par lequel transitent 30% de la production de p\u00e9trole mondiale et dont 90% sont destin\u00e9s \u00e0 la Chine, au Japon, \u00e0 la Cor\u00e9e du Sud et \u00e0 Singapour. Plusieurs officiels iraniens ont menac\u00e9 d\u2019activer des milliers de cellules terroristes dormantes en Occident advenant le cas o\u00f9 les exportations de p\u00e9trole iraniennes seraient bloqu\u00e9es. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Le leadership iranien se refuse de n\u00e9gocier avec les \u00c9tats-Unis qu\u2019il qualifie de grand Satan. Le financement de 80 000 miliciens chiites en Irak et en Syrie cr\u00e9e une grande insatisfaction aupr\u00e8s de la population iranienne, d\u2019autant plus que l\u2019Iran fait face \u00e0 une crise de s\u00e9cheresse depuis 15 ans qui a forc\u00e9 des centaines de milliers de villageois \u00e0 abandonner leur demeure. De plus, l\u2019Iran est \u00e9cart\u00e9 de la Syrie par la Russie malgr\u00e9 les dizaines de milliards qu\u2019il y a investis. Le Liban est frustr\u00e9 de ce qu\u2019il soit devenu l\u2019otage du Hezbollah financ\u00e9 par l\u2019Iran. Les interventions iraniennes au Y\u00e9men y ont aggrav\u00e9 la mis\u00e8re des Y\u00e9m\u00e9nites. En Irak m\u00eame et notamment dans la r\u00e9gion de Basra, la population chiite est frustr\u00e9e de l\u2019ing\u00e9rence iranienne et manifeste son m\u00e9contentement. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Le durcissement de la mullacratie iranienne est la preuve m\u00eame du radicalisme chiite : l\u2019ayatollah Khomeiny affirmait: \u201cl\u2019\u00e9conomie, c\u2019est pour les \u00e2nes\u2026 la r\u00e9volution n\u2019est pas l\u00e0 pour amener la prosp\u00e9rit\u00e9, mais pour donner une chance de devenir martyr. \u00bb  Cet \u00e9tat d\u2019esprit risque de mettre le feu aux poudres dans le futur et radicaliser encore plus la mullacratie iranienne.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

La position de l\u2019Europe<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

Les banques europ\u00e9ennes ne veulent plus transiger avec l\u2019Iran.  L\u2019Union europ\u00e9enne tient \u00e0 maintenir l\u2019accord des 5 +1 bien qu\u2019il ne soit pas parfait, car d\u2019ici 7 ans l\u2019Iran aura les mains libres pour d\u00e9velopper des technologies nucl\u00e9aires. Pourtant, la rh\u00e9torique anti occidentale n\u2019a jamais cess\u00e9 en Iran apr\u00e8s la signature de l\u2019accord et les slogans \u00ab\u00a0Mort \u00e0 l\u2019Am\u00e9rique\u00a0\u00bb et \u00ab\u00a0Mort \u00e0 Isra\u00ebl\u00a0\u00bb sont r\u00e9guli\u00e8rement scand\u00e9s dans les manifestations publiques. Qui plus est l\u2019interventionnisme iranien en Irak, en Syrie, au Liban et au Y\u00e9men n\u2019a pas diminu\u00e9 d\u2019un iota. L\u2019Europe qui veut maintenir l\u2019accord des 5+1 en cherchant le moyen de transiger avec l\u2019Iran autrement qu\u2019en dollars, ignore obtus\u00e9ment l\u2019interventionnisme des Mullahs iraniens et le d\u00e9veloppement acc\u00e9l\u00e9r\u00e9 de missiles balistiques de longue port\u00e9e. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

L\u2019Europe pense \u00e0 contourner les sanctions am\u00e9ricaines contre l\u2019Iran en \u00e9changeant le p\u00e9trole iranien vendu \u00e0 la Chine en devise chinoise (le yuan) en exportant des marchandises \u00e0 l\u2019Iran et en se faisant payer par un cr\u00e9dit d\u2019importations de marchandises chinoises. Il n\u2019est pas s\u00fbr que le gouvernement am\u00e9ricain laisse faire ce troc. L\u2019Europe r\u00e9fl\u00e9chira deux fois avant d\u2019agir car, contrairement au Trait\u00e9 sur les forces nucl\u00e9aires \u00e0 port\u00e9e interm\u00e9diaire ratifi\u00e9 en 1987, la Russie d\u00e9veloppe des missiles et pourrait en activer des lanc\u00e9es de missiles pratiquement sans pr\u00e9avis. La protection am\u00e9ricaine de l\u2019Europe est plus que jamais indispensable. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

L\u2019Union europ\u00e9enne et les sanctions contre l\u2019Iran David Bensoussan L\u2019auteur est professeur de sciences \u00e0 l\u2019Universit\u00e9 du Qu\u00e9bec   Le pr\u00e9sident Trump n\u2019a jamais m\u00e2ch\u00e9 ses mots pour critiquer l\u2019accord des 5 +1 conclu par les \u00c9tats-Unis, la Russie, la Chine, la France et la Grande-Bretagne ainsi que l\u2019Allemagne avec l\u2019Iran au sujet du contr\u00f4le… <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":60678,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"neve_meta_sidebar":"","neve_meta_container":"","neve_meta_enable_content_width":"","neve_meta_content_width":0,"neve_meta_title_alignment":"","neve_meta_author_avatar":"","neve_post_elements_order":"","neve_meta_disable_header":"","neve_meta_disable_footer":"","neve_meta_disable_title":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-60677","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"yoast_head":"\nL\u2019Union europeenne et les sanctions contre l\u2019Iran - 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