{"id":61494,"date":"2019-01-06T17:31:53","date_gmt":"2019-01-06T17:31:53","guid":{"rendered":""},"modified":"2019-01-06T17:31:53","modified_gmt":"2019-01-06T17:31:53","slug":"ombres-chinoises-par-david-bensoussan","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/harissa.com\/news-wp\/ombres-chinoises-par-david-bensoussan\/","title":{"rendered":"Ombres chinoises, par\u00a0David Bensoussan"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

Ombres chinoises, par David Bensoussan<\/p>\n<\/header>\n

Il me souvient d\u2019un petit-d\u00e9jeuner au cours duquel feu le ministre f\u00e9d\u00e9ral des Transports Jean Lapierre me confiait sa grande satisfaction d\u2019avoir initi\u00e9 un investissement majeur \u00e0 Prince Rupert en Colombie britannique lequel devait permettre d\u2019\u00e9conomiser du temps en ce qui touche les cargaisons maritimes provenant d\u2019Asie.<\/p>\n

Lorsque je lui fis remarquer qu\u2019il s\u2019agissait en fait de permettre l\u2019importation de dizaines de milliers de conteneurs qui arriveraient pleins et repartaient quasiment vide, il me r\u00e9pondit qu\u2019il avait comme beaucoup d\u2019autres \u00e9mis des r\u00e9serves, mais que les \u00e9conomistes avaient insist\u00e9 pour souligner qu\u2019il n\u2019y avait pas \u00e0 se faire du souci.<\/p>\n

Avec le recul, il semble que peu d\u2019analystes avaient pr\u00e9dit l\u2019expansion formidable de l\u2019\u00e9conomie chinoise et encore moins l\u2019importance g\u00e9opolitique qui accompagne cette expansion \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9chelle de la plan\u00e8te tout enti\u00e8re. On supposait aussi que le lib\u00e9ralisme \u00e9conomique aurait un effet d\u2019entra\u00eenement sur les libert\u00e9s individuelles.<\/p>\n

Le consensus \u00e9tait que la Chine constituait un d\u00e9fi certes, mais un d\u00e9fi acceptable et ma\u00eetrisable. Toutefois, la vision corporatiste qui pousse \u00e0 montrer aux investisseurs des profits \u00e0 court terme n\u2019a g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement pas \u00e9t\u00e9 accompagn\u00e9e d\u2019une vision globale quant \u00e0 l\u2019effet \u00e0 long terme des d\u00e9localisations des usines en Extr\u00eame-Orient et plus particuli\u00e8rement celui de leurs retomb\u00e9es politiques.<\/p>\n

Une expansion \u00e9conomique fulgurante<\/strong><\/p>\n

La Chine est devenue une superpuissance \u00e9conomique. Quelques indices mettent en exergue cet essor \u00e9conomique chinois. Depuis 2005, les exportations canadiennes vers la Chine ont plus que doubl\u00e9 pour atteindre 25 milliards tandis que les importations ont augment\u00e9 de 66 % pour atteindre 71 milliards de dollars.<\/p>\n

Dans son ouvrage The Thucydides Trap<\/em>, Graham Allison\u2019s note que la taille de l\u2019\u00e9conomie chinoise par rapport \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9conomie am\u00e9ricaine est pass\u00e9e de 10% en 1981 \u00e0 60% en 2007, 100% en 2014, et 115% aujourd\u2019hui. Au rythme actuel, elle devrait passer de 150% En 2023 et \u00e0 300% en 2040.<\/p>\n

Avanc\u00e9es technologiques et militaires<\/strong><\/p>\n

La Chine vise \u00e0 \u00e9galer ou d\u00e9passer le niveau technologique et \u00e9conomique des Am\u00e9ricains. Toutefois, quelques param\u00e8tres montrent que l\u2019avanc\u00e9e des \u00c9tats-Unis est encore marqu\u00e9e : le budget de recherche militaire am\u00e9ricain est de l\u2019ordre de 70 billions de dollars est 11,5 fois plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 que celui de la Chine. Chaque ann\u00e9e, les \u00c9tats-Unis d\u00e9posent 14 000 brevets compar\u00e9s \u00e0 2 000 pour la Chine. Depuis 1990, 2 prix Nobel ont \u00e9t\u00e9 octroy\u00e9s \u00e0 la Chine compar\u00e9s \u00e0 114 d\u00e9cern\u00e9s aux Am\u00e9ricains.<\/p>\n

N\u00e9anmoins, la Chine produit aujourd\u2019hui 87% des produits \u00e9lectroniques, dispose de ses propres r\u00e9seaux satellitaires, a un programme spatial ambitieux, d\u00e9veloppe son propre r\u00e9seau GPS, ses propres sous-marins nucl\u00e9aires, son premier porte-avions et d\u00e9tient une expertise avanc\u00e9e dans la destruction de satellites.<\/p>\n

Les surplus mon\u00e9taires de la Chine lui ont permis d\u2019entreprendre des investissements majeurs dans une nouvelle route de la soie (One Belt One Road) \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9chelle plan\u00e9taire, qui est terrestre, maritime, a\u00e9rienne et num\u00e9rique. La route de la soie num\u00e9rique a un centre de contr\u00f4le au Centre logiciel de Xian construit par le g\u00e9ant des t\u00e9l\u00e9communications chinois Huawei. Ce centre devrait employer un quart de millions d\u2019informaticiens d\u2019ici 2021. Par ailleurs, bien des compagnies de Silicon Valley sont achet\u00e9es par la Chine qui b\u00e9n\u00e9ficie ainsi l\u00e9galement de secrets technologiques.<\/p>\n

Les abus des droits de la personne<\/strong><\/p>\n

Le fichage des donn\u00e9es individuelles trait\u00e9es par l\u2019intelligence artificielle donne des pouvoirs discr\u00e9tionnaires in\u00e9gal\u00e9s au gouvernement chinois. Le logiciel de reconnaissance faciale et 170 millions de cam\u00e9ras de surveillance permettent d\u2019identifier 1,37 milliard de Chinois en l\u2019espace de minutes. Les critiques concernant l\u2019arrestation de centaines d\u2019avocats et d\u2019activistes des droits de la personne en Chine ou m\u00eame le traitement des Ou\u00efghours du Xinjiang se font plus discr\u00e8tes dans les d\u00e9mocraties occidentales qui sont de plus en plus d\u00e9pendantes des investissements chinois.<\/p>\n

Ombres chinoises<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00c0 la diff\u00e9rence des d\u00e9mocraties lib\u00e9rales dans lesquelles les \u00e9conomies sont r\u00e9gies dans un cadre l\u00e9gislatif bien d\u00e9fini et o\u00f9 les politiciens ne sont pas \u00e0 l\u2019abri des critiques, le parti Communiste chinois agit en ma\u00eetre d\u2019\u0153uvre incontest\u00e9, dirige \u00e0 son gr\u00e9 les activit\u00e9s \u00e9conomiques et orchestre les interventions politiques.<\/p>\n

Le th\u00e9\u00e2tre d\u2019ombres chinois est une mise en sc\u00e8ne qui laisse para\u00eetre des silhouettes tout en masquant leur arri\u00e8re-plan. Il a \u00e9t\u00e9 de m\u00eame pour la politique chinoise jusqu\u2019\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent. La Chine d\u2019aujourd\u2019hui agit plus ouvertement.<\/p>\n

Tout r\u00e9cemment, il a \u00e9t\u00e9 fait \u00e9tat d\u2019activit\u00e9s d\u2019espionnage informatique qui auraient p\u00e9n\u00e9tr\u00e9 700 millions de t\u00e9l\u00e9phones Android ainsi que des banques canadiennes.<\/p>\n

La prise d\u2019otages politiques canadiens Michael Kovrig et Michael Spavor en Chine suite \u00e0 l\u2019arrestation dans la l\u00e9galit\u00e9 de Meng Wanzhou directrice financi\u00e8re de Huawei est un chantage qui veut outrepasser le processus l\u00e9gal de l\u2019\u00e9tat de droit. C\u2019est un test qui est fait sur un petit pays pour donner le ton \u00e0 ceux qui s\u2019avanceraient \u00e0 critiquer ou \u00e0 s\u2019opposer \u00e0 certaines politiques chinoises.<\/p>\n

Devant la remise en question de certains engagements des \u00c9tats-Unis sous la pr\u00e9sidence de Trump, il est fort possible que la Chine cherche \u00e0 intervenir prochainement dans l\u2019ar\u00e8ne politique internationale et nuance bien moins son jeu d\u2019ombres. L\u2019affirmation militaire de la Chine en mer de Chine et la r\u00e9clamation de droits territoriaux sur des \u00eeles flottantes arm\u00e9es de missiles ont sem\u00e9 la panique dans les \u00e9tats du Sud-est asiatique. Elle n\u2019est qu\u2019un signe avant-coureur de ce changement de cap.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Ombres chinoises, par David Bensoussan Il me souvient d\u2019un petit-d\u00e9jeuner au cours duquel feu le ministre f\u00e9d\u00e9ral des Transports Jean Lapierre me confiait sa grande satisfaction d\u2019avoir initi\u00e9 un investissement majeur \u00e0 Prince Rupert en Colombie britannique lequel devait permettre d\u2019\u00e9conomiser du temps en ce qui touche les cargaisons maritimes provenant d\u2019Asie. Lorsque je lui fis… <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":61495,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"neve_meta_sidebar":"","neve_meta_container":"","neve_meta_enable_content_width":"","neve_meta_content_width":0,"neve_meta_title_alignment":"","neve_meta_author_avatar":"","neve_post_elements_order":"","neve_meta_disable_header":"","neve_meta_disable_footer":"","neve_meta_disable_title":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-61494","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"yoast_head":"\nOmbres chinoises, par\u00a0David Bensoussan | HARISSA.COM<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Ombres chinoises, par David Bensoussan Il me souvient d\u2019un petit-d\u00e9jeuner au cours duquel feu le ministre f\u00e9d\u00e9ral des Transports Jean Lapierre me\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, 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