{"id":61558,"date":"2019-01-20T18:36:36","date_gmt":"2019-01-20T18:36:36","guid":{"rendered":""},"modified":"2019-01-20T18:36:36","modified_gmt":"2019-01-20T18:36:36","slug":"syrie-le-gazouillis-trumpiste-declenche-un-caquetage-planetaire-david-bensoussan","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/harissa.com\/news-wp\/syrie-le-gazouillis-trumpiste-declenche-un-caquetage-planetaire-david-bensoussan\/","title":{"rendered":"Syrie : le gazouillis trumpiste d\u00e9clenche un caquetage plan\u00e9taire – David Bensoussan"},"content":{"rendered":"

Syrie : le gazouillis trumpiste d\u00e9clenche un caquetage plan\u00e9taire<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

David Bensoussan<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

L\u2019auteur est professeur de sciences \u00e0 l\u2019Universit\u00e9 du Qu\u00e9bec<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Le pr\u00e9sident des \u00c9tats-Unis tire des gazouillis plus vite que son ombre. Son gazouillis portant sur le retrait subit des forces am\u00e9ricaines de Syrie a sem\u00e9 la consternation, notamment aupr\u00e8s des alli\u00e9s traditionnels des \u00c9tats-Unis. Il a \u00e9t\u00e9 suivi d\u2019un discours de retrait graduel coordonn\u00e9 avec la Turquie afin de prot\u00e9ger les Kurdes de Syrie puis d\u2019un retrait qui ne sera compl\u00e9t\u00e9 que lorsque l\u2019\u00c9tat islamique aura \u00e9t\u00e9 totalement d\u00e9fait. Le secr\u00e9taire d\u2019\u00c9tat am\u00e9ricain Mike Pompeo a fait le tour des capitales du Moyen-Orient afin de nuancer encore plus les conditions de ce retrait.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Isolationnisme et interventionnisme des \u00c9tats-Unis<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

Au cours du si\u00e8cle pass\u00e9, la <\/span><\/span><\/span>politique am\u00e9ricaine<\/span><\/span><\/span> a oscill\u00e9 entre isolationnisme et interventionnisme. Ainsi, la vision id\u00e9ologique du pr\u00e9sident Monroe au lendemain de la Premi\u00e8re Guerre mondiale s\u2019est traduite par un protectionnisme \u00e9conomique et non interventionniste dans les ann\u00e9es 20 et 30. Si nous mettons de c\u00f4t\u00e9 les instances o<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00f9<\/span><\/span><\/span> l\u2019Am\u00e9rique fut directement attaqu\u00e9e pendant les deux guerres mondiales et l\u2019attentat perp\u00e9tr\u00e9 \u00e0 New York en 2011 qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 suivi de l\u2019invasion de l\u2019Afghanistan, les interventions majeures des \u00c9tats-Unis ont \u00e9t\u00e9 la guerre de Cor\u00e9e en 1950, la guerre du Vietnam d\u00e8s 1955, la guerre de lib\u00e9ration du Kowe\u00eft en 1991 et l\u2019invasion de l\u2019Irak en 2003.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

L\u2019\u00e9quilibre mondial a chang\u00e9 depuis la chute du mur de Berlin et le d\u00e9membrement de l\u2019Union sovi\u00e9tique. Les h\u00e9sitations du pr\u00e9sident Obama en ce qui a trait \u00e0 son manque de r\u00e9action par rapport \u00e0 la ligne rouge d\u2019utilisation d\u2019armes chimiques en Syrie, ligne qu\u2019il avait lui-m\u00eame trac\u00e9e, ont encourag\u00e9 la Russie \u00e0 s\u2019affirmer au Proche-Orient et plus particuli\u00e8rement en Syrie. Les interventions militaires russes en G\u00e9orgie et des faits accomplis en Ukraine ont sem\u00e9 la panique en Europe o\u00f9 l\u2019on se rem\u00e9more \u00e2crement la dictature sovi\u00e9tique et ses interventions muscl\u00e9es en Hongrie en 1956 et \u00e0 Prague en 1968, compte non tenu de l\u2019invasion de l\u2019Afghanistan en 1979.  Qui plus est, la force g\u00e9opolitique et \u00e9conomique grandissante de la <\/span><\/span><\/span>Chine<\/span><\/span><\/span> laisse craindre qu\u2019une Pax Sinica qui serait dans le style de la Pax Sovietica vienne d\u00e9tr\u00f4ner la Pax Americana. La Chine a \u00e9galement un historique d\u2019invasion au Tibet en 1950, d\u2019interventions militaires en Cor\u00e9e l\u2019ann\u00e9e suivante, au Vietnam en 1978 et a eu des conflits frontaliers avec l\u2019Inde et l\u2019Union sovi\u00e9tique. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Le pr\u00e9sident Trump a pr\u00e9sent\u00e9 une vision binaire du r\u00f4le des \u00c9tats-Unis : pas question de continuer \u00e0 d\u00e9fendre l\u2019Europe ou les pays voisins de la Chine alors qu\u2019ils mettent toute leur \u00e9nergie dans la capture de march\u00e9s \u00e9conomiques am\u00e9ricains. Contre toute attente, il a rencontr\u00e9 le  pr\u00e9sident nord-cor\u00e9en pour discuter de la d\u00e9nucl\u00e9arisation de son pays et il souhaite avoir les coud\u00e9es libres pour d\u00e9velopper de meilleures relations avec la Russie. Son gazouillis relatif au retrait de Syrie a suscit\u00e9 une pl\u00e9thore d\u2019analyses et de commentaires diversifi\u00e9s, voire  contradictoires. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Un aveu de faiblesse ?<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00c9vacuer la Syrie revient \u00e0 laisser la main libre \u00e0 la Russie dont l\u2019intervention a sauv\u00e9 le r\u00e9gime du pr\u00e9sident Assad sans pouvoir pour autant r\u00e9ussir \u00e0 instaurer un plan de paix entre les factions syriennes. Le r\u00e9gime syrien continue \u00e0 assujettir son peuple par des moyens qui le rendent passible de condamnation pour crimes de guerre. Enfin, il existe encore des poches contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par des radicaux islamistes \u00e0 Idlib et dans l\u2019Est syrien. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Du point de vue du pr\u00e9sident Trump, les interventions des \u00c9tats-Unis en Afghanistan et en Irak se chiffrent \u00e0 des billions de dollars sans r\u00e9sultat tangible. Pour lui, la Syrie ne repr\u00e9sente que du sable et de la mort. Les manifestations du printemps arabe n\u2019ont pas d\u00e9bouch\u00e9 en la libert\u00e9 et la stabilit\u00e9 esp\u00e9r\u00e9es. C\u2019est tout le contraire qui s\u2019est produit ! En outre, seul l\u2019avantage g\u00e9ostrat\u00e9gique de la Turquie emp\u00eache les \u00c9tats-Unis et les puissances de l\u2019OTAN de condamner plus ouvertement encore les diatribes anti occidentales et les agissements du pr\u00e9sident turc Erdogan : relations floues avec les radicaux islamistes, obsession anti kurde, rapprochement ambigu avec la Russie et armement continu des islamistes de Libye. Isra\u00ebl est le seul \u00e9tat stable et fiable de la r\u00e9gion.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Un regret quasi g\u00e9n\u00e9ral<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

Les alli\u00e9s europ\u00e9ens des \u00c9tats-Unis dans la guerre contre l\u2019\u00c9tat islamique se demandent comment ils pourront continuer sans l\u2019appui tactique am\u00e9ricain. Les pays sunnites voient dans le retrait am\u00e9ricain la possibilit\u00e9 d\u2019un renforcement de l\u2019Iran qui continue \u00e0 armer des milices chiites dans la r\u00e9gion. Ils rejoignent en cela les pr\u00e9occupations d\u2019Isra\u00ebl que l\u2019Iran se promet d\u2019\u00e9radiquer. La Russie n\u2019est certainement pas heureuse d\u2019h\u00e9riter de la patate chaude syrienne, car elle n\u2019a pas le potentiel \u00e9conomique qui lui permette de s\u2019y maintenir \u00e0 long terme, et ce, d\u2019autant plus qu\u2019elle escomptait b\u00e9n\u00e9ficier de la reconstruction de la Syrie avec la participation am\u00e9ricaine. La Turquie n\u2019est gu\u00e8re satisfaite des nuances rattach\u00e9es au retrait, car elle exige d\u2019avoir les mains libres pour agir contre les forces militaires kurdes de Syrie.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Le monde a-t-il encore besoin des \u00c9tats-Unis ? <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

Selon l\u2019institut Pew Research Center qui organise des sondages d\u2019opinion dans des dizaines de pays, 50% des personnes sond\u00e9es dans une grande partie du monde ont une opinion favorable des \u00c9tats-Unis et seulement 27% font confiance au pr\u00e9sident Trump. Ces chiffres sont en baisse par rapport aux ann\u00e9es pr\u00e9c\u00e9dentes. Toutefois, 81% des personnes sond\u00e9es pr\u00e9f\u00e8rent les \u00c9tats-Unis comme leader mondial plut\u00f4t que toute autre superpuissance.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Il est vrai que les messages \u00e9manant de la Maison-Blanche et du secr\u00e9tariat d\u2019\u00c9tat am\u00e9ricain ne semblent pas \u00eatre sur la m\u00eame page en ce qui a trait au retrait des 2000 militaires am\u00e9ricains stationn\u00e9s en Syrie. Le d\u00e9bat soulev\u00e9 \u00e0 la suite du gazouillis du pr\u00e9sident Trump aura eu le m\u00e9rite de faire repenser \u00e0 tous les acteurs et l\u2019importance de l\u2019Am\u00e9rique et leurs propres politiques en cons\u00e9quence. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Syrie : le gazouillis trumpiste d\u00e9clenche un caquetage plan\u00e9taire David Bensoussan L\u2019auteur est professeur de sciences \u00e0 l\u2019Universit\u00e9 du Qu\u00e9bec Le pr\u00e9sident des \u00c9tats-Unis tire des gazouillis plus vite que son ombre. Son gazouillis portant sur le retrait subit des forces am\u00e9ricaines de Syrie a sem\u00e9 la consternation, notamment aupr\u00e8s des alli\u00e9s traditionnels des \u00c9tats-Unis.… <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":61559,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"neve_meta_sidebar":"","neve_meta_container":"","neve_meta_enable_content_width":"","neve_meta_content_width":0,"neve_meta_title_alignment":"","neve_meta_author_avatar":"","neve_post_elements_order":"","neve_meta_disable_header":"","neve_meta_disable_footer":"","neve_meta_disable_title":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-61558","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"yoast_head":"\nSyrie : le gazouillis trumpiste d\u00e9clenche un caquetage plan\u00e9taire - David Bensoussan | HARISSA.COM<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Syrie : le gazouillis trumpiste d\u00e9clenche un caquetage plan\u00e9taire David Bensoussan L\u2019auteur est professeur de sciences \u00e0 l\u2019Universit\u00e9 du Qu\u00e9bec Le\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/harissa.com\/news-wp\/syrie-le-gazouillis-trumpiste-declenche-un-caquetage-planetaire-david-bensoussan\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Syrie : le gazouillis trumpiste d\u00e9clenche un caquetage plan\u00e9taire - 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