{"id":62136,"date":"2019-05-05T16:41:29","date_gmt":"2019-05-05T16:41:29","guid":{"rendered":""},"modified":"2019-05-05T16:41:29","modified_gmt":"2019-05-05T16:41:29","slug":"le-chaos-libyen-par-david-bensoussan","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/harissa.com\/news-wp\/le-chaos-libyen-par-david-bensoussan\/","title":{"rendered":"Le chaos libyen, par DAVID BENSOUSSAN"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

Le chaos libyen<\/p>\n

DAVID BENSOUSSAN<\/p>\n

Professeur de sciences \u00e0 l’Universit\u00e9 du Qu\u00e9bec<\/p>\n<\/header>\n

Le 4 avril 2019, le g\u00e9n\u00e9ral Haftar a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 d\u2019envahir la Tripolitaine avec 10 000 troupes, pensant pouvoir conqu\u00e9rir rapidement la capitale Tripoli aux mains de Fayez al-Sarraj, premier ministre du Gouvernement d\u2019union nationale libyen.<\/p>\n

Mais la r\u00e9sistance des milices populaires le priva d\u2019une victoire qu\u2019il pensait assur\u00e9e. La Libye se retrouve divis\u00e9e entre le Gouvernement d\u2019union nationale libyen \u00e0 l\u2019ouest et un Parlement parall\u00e8le \u00e0 Tobrouk \u00e0 l\u2019est. \u00c0 ce jour, le g\u00e9n\u00e9ral Haftar contr\u00f4le 80 % du territoire (\u00e0 l\u2019est et au sud) et 25 % de la population.<\/p>\n

Haftar, l\u2019homme fort de Libye<\/strong><\/p>\n

Pourtant, depuis que le colonel Khadafi fut renvers\u00e9 en 2011 \u00e0 la suite d\u2019une intervention de l\u2019OTAN encourag\u00e9e par le pr\u00e9sident fran\u00e7ais Sarkozy, on pensait que finalement, apr\u00e8s une longue guerre civile, les principales factions en pr\u00e9sence allaient finir par s\u2019entendre: or c\u2019est justement le 4 avril que le g\u00e9n\u00e9ral Haftar a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 de partir \u00e0 la conqu\u00eate de Tripoli, le jour m\u00eame o\u00f9 le secr\u00e9taire g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de l\u2019ONU Ant\u00f3nio Guterres se trouvait en Libye pour pr\u00e9parer une conf\u00e9rence de paix.<\/p>\n

Les \u00c9tats-Unis, la Grande-Bretagne, la France, l\u2019Italie et les \u00c9mirats arabes unis ont publi\u00e9 un communiqu\u00e9 appelant les parties \u00e0 restaurer le calme, sans cependant condamner l\u2019attaque du 4 avril, ce qui revient \u00e0 lui accorder l\u2019imprimatur. Parce qu\u2019il est oppos\u00e9 \u00e0 la mouvance des Fr\u00e8res musulmans, le g\u00e9n\u00e9ral Haftar est soutenu par l\u2019\u00c9gypte, l\u2019Arabie et les \u00c9mirats arabes unis. Ces pays ach\u00e8tent une quantit\u00e9 d\u2019armes consid\u00e9rable \u00e0 la France qui soutient \u00e9galement le g\u00e9n\u00e9ral Haftar. La Russie lui a aussi fourni des armes, bien qu\u2019un stock d\u2019armes consid\u00e9rable command\u00e9 en son temps par Khadafi f\u00fbt tomb\u00e9 entre les mains des bellig\u00e9rants de tout acabit. Confiant de ce soutien et pr\u00eat \u00e0 faire monter les ench\u00e8res en raison du d\u00e9sint\u00e9r\u00eat am\u00e9ricain croissant, mena\u00e7ant de faire le jeu de la Russie ou de la Chine, le g\u00e9n\u00e9ral Haftar ne pense pas avoir besoin de faire des concessions.<\/p>\n

Le premier ministre libyen Sajar est soutenu par l\u2019Italie, la Turquie et le Qatar, l\u2019appui de ces deux derniers pays \u00e9tant motiv\u00e9 par la pr\u00e9sence de milices affili\u00e9es aux Fr\u00e8res musulmans qui l\u2019appuient.<\/p>\n

Comp\u00e9tition franco-italienne<\/strong><\/p>\n

La France et l\u2019Italie sont oppos\u00e9es quant aux mesures \u00e0 prendre: mis \u00e0 part les int\u00e9r\u00eats p\u00e9troliers respectifs, l\u2019Italie est pr\u00e9occup\u00e9e par la masse des migrants africains qui s\u2019embarquent \u00e0 partir de Tripoli et tient \u00e0 en freiner le flux. Aussi l\u2019Italie pr\u00e9f\u00e8re que la r\u00e9gion de Tripoli ne soit pas encore plus d\u00e9stabilis\u00e9e qu\u2019elle ne l\u2019est d\u00e9j\u00e0. Selon le premier ministre Sajar, 800 000 migrants seraient pr\u00eats \u00e0 s\u2019embarquer pour l\u2019Europe sur des bateaux de fortune. En outre, le pr\u00e9sident italien en veut au pr\u00e9sident fran\u00e7ais qui le sermonne sur l\u2019attitude envers les migrants alors qu\u2019il n\u2019est pas pr\u00eat \u00e0 les accueillir pour autant. Pour la France, la stabilit\u00e9 de la Libye est importante, car les milices islamistes, dont Al Qaeda, d\u00e9stabilisent la r\u00e9gion du Sahel. Des milliers de troupes fran\u00e7aises sont stationn\u00e9es dans les pays bordant la Libye et l\u2019Alg\u00e9rie.<\/p>\n

Un conflit difficile \u00e0 d\u00e9miner<\/strong><\/p>\n

Quatre tentatives de r\u00e9solution au Conseil de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 ont avort\u00e9. Des r\u00e9unions de m\u00e9diation en Italie, au S\u00e9n\u00e9gal, au Maroc et \u00e0 Abou Dhabi sont demeur\u00e9es sans suite. L\u2019Organisation de l\u2019Unit\u00e9 africaine propose ses services de m\u00e9diation. Or, l\u2019\u00c9gypte, en assurant la pr\u00e9sidence, ne peut pas \u00eatre partie et neutre. Il y a peu de chance que cette m\u00e9diation aboutisse.<\/p>\n

Il est difficile d\u2019entrevoir une solution au conflit tant et aussi longtemps que l\u2019Italie et la France auront des positions oppos\u00e9es et que les pays du Golfe et le Qatar transposeront leur conflit en Libye.<\/p>\n

La guerre civile a fait entre 10 000 et 30 000 victimes. Toutefois, l\u2019exploitation des gisements p\u00e9troliers par les compagnies italienne (ENI) et fran\u00e7aise (Total) continue avec l\u2019assurance d\u2019une s\u00e9curit\u00e9 relative.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Le chaos libyen DAVID BENSOUSSAN Professeur de sciences \u00e0 l’Universit\u00e9 du Qu\u00e9bec Le 4 avril 2019, le g\u00e9n\u00e9ral Haftar a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 d\u2019envahir la Tripolitaine avec 10 000 troupes, pensant pouvoir conqu\u00e9rir rapidement la capitale Tripoli aux mains de Fayez al-Sarraj, premier ministre du Gouvernement d\u2019union nationale libyen. Mais la r\u00e9sistance des milices populaires le priva… <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":62137,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"neve_meta_sidebar":"","neve_meta_container":"","neve_meta_enable_content_width":"","neve_meta_content_width":0,"neve_meta_title_alignment":"","neve_meta_author_avatar":"","neve_post_elements_order":"","neve_meta_disable_header":"","neve_meta_disable_footer":"","neve_meta_disable_title":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-62136","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"yoast_head":"\nLe chaos libyen, par DAVID BENSOUSSAN | HARISSA.COM<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Le chaos libyen DAVID BENSOUSSAN Professeur de sciences \u00e0 l'Universit\u00e9 du Qu\u00e9bec Le 4 avril 2019, le g\u00e9n\u00e9ral Haftar a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 d\u2019envahir la Tripolitaine\" \/>\n<meta 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