{"id":62312,"date":"2019-06-02T16:29:53","date_gmt":"2019-06-02T16:29:53","guid":{"rendered":""},"modified":"2019-06-02T16:29:53","modified_gmt":"2019-06-02T16:29:53","slug":"la-dimension-kabyle-par-david-bensoussan","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/harissa.com\/news-wp\/la-dimension-kabyle-par-david-bensoussan\/","title":{"rendered":"La dimension kabyle, par\u00a0David Bensoussan"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

La dimension kabyle, par David Bensoussan<\/p>\n<\/header>\n

L\u2019Alg\u00e9rie moderne s\u2019est lanc\u00e9e dans un processus d\u2019arabisation, d\u2019islamisation et de socialisme et cette triple politique a \u00e9t\u00e9 un \u00e9chec : les slogans socialistes et la gestion \u00e9tatique de l\u2019\u00e9conomie n\u2019ont pas suffisamment modernis\u00e9 le pays ou diminu\u00e9 la corruption; l\u2019islamisation a d\u00e9g\u00e9n\u00e9r\u00e9 en une guerre civile qui a fait pr\u00e8s de 200 000 morts et le r\u00e9gime ach\u00e8te la paix des imams en leur faisant des concessions; l\u2019arabisation est farouchement combattue par les Kabyles qui tiennent \u00e0 conserver leur langue et leur culture.<\/p>\n

En effet, les Kabyles sont des Amazighs (Berb\u00e8res). Ils ont une langue et une culture propres et le plus souvent du temps, ils ont une pr\u00e9f\u00e9rence marqu\u00e9e pour la la\u00efcit\u00e9. Les Kabyles sont ostracis\u00e9s par le gouvernement d\u2019autant plus que beaucoup expriment leur volont\u00e9 d\u2019autonomie ou m\u00eame d\u2019ind\u00e9pendance.<\/p>\n

Le pass\u00e9 kabyle<\/strong><\/p>\n

Lorsque l\u2019empereur Napol\u00e9on III d\u00e9barqua en Alg\u00e9rie, il qualifia l\u2019Alg\u00e9rie de royaume arabe donnant \u00e0 cette notion une r\u00e9sonnance internationale. Pourtant, l\u2019Alg\u00e9rie fut conquise en 1839, mais la Kabylie ne fut annex\u00e9e \u00e0 la colonie fran\u00e7aise qu\u2019en 1857 et l\u2019on s\u2019y battait encore durant la visite de l\u2019empereur fran\u00e7ais.<\/p>\n

Historiquement, l\u2019Afrique du Nord fut peupl\u00e9e d\u2019Amazighs (Berb\u00e8res). \u00c0 l\u2019\u00e9poque romaine, elle fut sous l\u2019influence des Puniques dont la trace s\u2019estompa apr\u00e8s la destruction de Carthage. Les Numides et les Maures occupaient le centre et l\u2019Ouest de l\u2019Afrique du Nord. Alors que l\u2019Empare romain d\u2019Occident \u00e9tait d\u00e9bord\u00e9 par les invasions des Visigoths, des Ostrogoths, des Vandales, des Lombards puis celles des Huns, le christianisme latin se d\u00e9veloppa en Afrique du Nord et le premier \u00e9v\u00eaque de Rome, Victor, fut originaire d\u2019Alg\u00e9rie.<\/p>\n

L\u2019invasion arabe se heurta \u00e0 l\u2019opposition des tribus berb\u00e8res christianis\u00e9es ou juda\u00efs\u00e9es avant de s\u2019imposer et de culminer par la conqu\u00eate de la P\u00e9ninsule ib\u00e9rique. L\u2019\u00e9tau de l\u2019emprise du califat arabe se desserra rapidement en Afrique du Nord. Le Royaume du Maroc fut ind\u00e9pendant et celui de Tlemcen perdura dans l\u2019Ouest alg\u00e9rien jusqu\u2019\u00e0 ce qu\u2019il soit int\u00e9gr\u00e9 \u00e0 l\u2019Empire ottoman en 1554. Dans l\u2019Est alg\u00e9rien, la Kabylie fut longtemps inaccessible aux deys ottomans, et fut constitu\u00e9e par les principaut\u00e9s ind\u00e9pendantes d\u2019Ait Abbas et de Koukou. Les Kabyles lutt\u00e8rent contre l\u2019arm\u00e9e fran\u00e7aise en 1857, en 1871 et furent \u00e0 l\u2019avant-garde des combattants durant la guerre d\u2019ind\u00e9pendance alg\u00e9rienne (1954-1962).<\/p>\n

La lutte pour les droits linguistiques.<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00c0 l\u2019av\u00e8nement de l\u2019ind\u00e9pendance de l\u2019Alg\u00e9rie en 1962, la langue kabyle fut ni\u00e9e, r\u00e9prim\u00e9e et interdite. Depuis, la Kabylie fait face avec opini\u00e2tret\u00e9 au processus d\u2019arabisation et d\u2019acculturation qui portent atteinte \u00e0 sa langue et son identit\u00e9. De 1968 \u00e0 1978, l\u2019Acad\u00e9mie berb\u00e8re en France a lutt\u00e9 pour la reconnaissance de l\u2019identit\u00e9 et de la culture amazighe en Alg\u00e9rie.<\/p>\n

En Alg\u00e9rie m\u00eame, il y eut le printemps berb\u00e8re en 1980, bien avant le printemps arabe de 2011. Ce fut une manifestation populaire qui revendiqua l\u2019officialisation de la langue amazighe (berb\u00e8re). Cette r\u00e9volte fut suivie d\u2019une gr\u00e8ve g\u00e9n\u00e9ralis\u00e9e et d\u2019une r\u00e9pression gouvernementale qui se traduisit par de nombreuses arrestations.<\/p>\n

Le Printemps noir en 2001 fut une manifestation populaire de tr\u00e8s grande envergure. 126 manifestants furent tu\u00e9s par la gendarmerie, et pr\u00e8s de 5000 autres furent bless\u00e9s. Les familles des victimes n\u2019ont jamais eu droit \u00e0 la justice. La contestation kabyle prit ensuite plusieurs formes : ainsi, des marches annuelles se tiennent en Kabylie et au sein de la diaspora kabyle pour d\u00e9fendre les revendications identitaires kabyles.<\/p>\n

En 2002, le gouvernement alg\u00e9rien finit par accepter certaines revendications kabyles : la langue amazighe fut adopt\u00e9e comme seconde langue nationale, mais la langue arabe fut r\u00e9affirm\u00e9e langue nationale et officielle en 2008. Le tamazight fut enfin reconnu comme langue nationale en 2016.<\/p>\n

L\u2019affirmation politique<\/strong><\/p>\n

Apr\u00e8s le printemps noir, deux structures politiques virent le jour. Le mouvement des Archs et le MAK (Mouvement pour l\u2019Autod\u00e9termination de la Kabylie). En 2010, le pr\u00e9sident du MAK mit en place un gouvernement provisoire en exil, \u00ab l\u2019Anavad. \u00bb.<\/p>\n

L\u2019Anavad pr\u00e9sid\u00e9 par Ferhat Mehenni met en avant que le peuple kabyle est fort de pr\u00e8s de 12.000.000 d\u2019\u00e2mes, que son territoire de plus de 40.000 km2 est plus grand que celui plus de 30% des pays membres de l\u2019ONU et que sa population d\u00e9passe celle de plus de 60% d\u2019entre eux. L\u2019Anavad se r\u00e9clame le droit des peuples autochtones \u00e0 l\u2019autod\u00e9termination conform\u00e9ment \u00e0 l\u2019article 3 de la Charte de l\u2019ONU et d\u00e9fend sa cause dans tous les forums internationaux.<\/p>\n

La dimension juive et chr\u00e9tienne<\/strong><\/p>\n

L\u2019islam est la religion d\u2019\u00c9tat en Alg\u00e9rie et l\u2019\u00e9cole obligatoire inclut l\u2019\u00e9ducation islamique. Une loi contre le pros\u00e9lytisme non musulman a \u00e9t\u00e9 adopt\u00e9e en 2006. Elle pr\u00e9voit de lourdes peines de prison et des amendes p\u00e9cuniaires importantes aux contrevenants. Des sanctions sont \u00e9galement pr\u00e9vues contre ceux qui fabriquent, entreposent ou distribuent des documents visant \u00e0 \u00ab \u00e9branler \u00bb la foi musulmane.<\/p>\n

Bien des Kabyles se consid\u00e8rent comme descendants de tribus chr\u00e9tiennes ou juives avant la conqu\u00eate arabe. La pr\u00e9sence chr\u00e9tienne est marqu\u00e9e par des personnalit\u00e9s \u00e9minentes telles Saint Augustin, Saint Cyprien ou Tertullien. La pr\u00e9sence de tribus juives est document\u00e9e par des historiens arabes : Al Adwani au XIIe si\u00e8cle et Ibn Khaldoun au XIVe si\u00e8cle.<\/p>\n

Il existe une empathie des Amazighs pour les Juifs amazighs qui, pour la plupart, sont install\u00e9s en Isra\u00ebl. Nombreux sont les Kabyles et l\u2019Anavad qui ne se reconnaissent pas dans la propagande antiisra\u00e9lienne du gouvernement alg\u00e9rien qui est aussi morbide qu\u2019obsessive, et affirment ouvertement leur sympathie \u00e0 son \u00e9gard. \u00c0 Montr\u00e9al m\u00eame, les leaders Kabyles participent r\u00e9guli\u00e8rement \u00e0 la f\u00eate d\u2019ind\u00e9pendance d\u2019Isra\u00ebl.<\/p>\n

L\u2019Alg\u00e9rie en crise<\/strong><\/p>\n

L\u2019Alg\u00e9rie conna\u00eet aujourd\u2019hui des manifestations massives qui combattent le statu quo du r\u00e9gime et l\u2019emprise de l\u2019\u00e9lite du parti FLN et des militaires sur la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 et l\u2019\u00e9conomie. Le vent de libert\u00e9 souffle dans l\u2019ensemble du pays et non plus que sur la Kabylie.<\/p>\n

N\u00e9anmoins, la dimension kabyle est un des p\u00f4les importants de la probl\u00e9matique de l\u2019Alg\u00e9rie actuelle. Ses ramifications d\u00e9passent la contestation anti gouvernementale et la perte de confiance envers la classe privil\u00e9gi\u00e9e du pouvoir.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

La dimension kabyle, par David Bensoussan L\u2019Alg\u00e9rie moderne s\u2019est lanc\u00e9e dans un processus d\u2019arabisation, d\u2019islamisation et de socialisme et cette triple politique a \u00e9t\u00e9 un \u00e9chec : les slogans socialistes et la gestion \u00e9tatique de l\u2019\u00e9conomie n\u2019ont pas suffisamment modernis\u00e9 le pays ou diminu\u00e9 la corruption; l\u2019islamisation a d\u00e9g\u00e9n\u00e9r\u00e9 en une guerre civile qui a fait… <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":62313,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"neve_meta_sidebar":"","neve_meta_container":"","neve_meta_enable_content_width":"","neve_meta_content_width":0,"neve_meta_title_alignment":"","neve_meta_author_avatar":"","neve_post_elements_order":"","neve_meta_disable_header":"","neve_meta_disable_footer":"","neve_meta_disable_title":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-62312","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"yoast_head":"\nLa dimension kabyle, par\u00a0David Bensoussan | HARISSA.COM<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"La dimension kabyle, par David Bensoussan L\u2019Alg\u00e9rie moderne s\u2019est lanc\u00e9e dans un processus d\u2019arabisation, d\u2019islamisation et de socialisme et cette\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, 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