{"id":62990,"date":"2019-10-24T22:45:14","date_gmt":"2019-10-24T22:45:14","guid":{"rendered":""},"modified":"2019-10-24T22:45:14","modified_gmt":"2019-10-24T22:45:14","slug":"24-octobre-1870-promulgation-du-decret-cremieux","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/harissa.com\/news-wp\/24-octobre-1870-promulgation-du-decret-cremieux\/","title":{"rendered":"24 octobre 1870 &#8211;\u00a0Promulgation du\u00a0d\u00e9cret Cr\u00e9mieux"},"content":{"rendered":"<p itemprop=\"name headline\"><time datetime=\"2006-10-24T10:02:25Z\" pubdate=\"2006-10-24T10:02:25Z\">24 octobre 1870 &#8211;&nbsp;<\/time>Promulgation du&nbsp;d\u00e9cret Cr\u00e9mieux<\/p>\n<article id=\"post-79685\">\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Son nom restera \u00e0 jamais associ\u00e9 au destin des juifs d\u2019Alg\u00e9rie. Isaac Jacob Cr\u00e9mieux, plus connu sous le nom d\u2019Adolphe Cr\u00e9mieux, est l\u2019homme qui a contribu\u00e9 \u00e0 l\u2019assimilation de la communaut\u00e9 juive \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9poque o\u00f9 l\u2019Alg\u00e9rie \u00e9tait encore une colonie fran\u00e7aise. N\u00e9 le 30 avril 1796, il est issu d\u2019une famille juive sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e dans le n\u00e9goce de soie. Avocat, franc-ma\u00e7on, d\u00e9put\u00e9, s\u00e9nateur et ministre, ardent d\u00e9fenseur de la cause juive, Adolphe Cr\u00e9mieux fut \u00e9lu pr\u00e9sident du Consistoire central isra\u00e9lite de Paris en 1843 et de l\u2019Alliance isra\u00e9lite universelle en 1864.<\/p>\n<p>Promu en 1870 ministre de la Justice du gouvernement provisoire de D\u00e9fense nationale, instaur\u00e9 apr\u00e8s la chute du Second Empire face aux Prussiens, il fait promulguer, le 24 octobre 1870, six d\u00e9crets pour r\u00e9genter la vie administrative et sociale en Alg\u00e9rie. L\u2019un met fin \u00e0 l\u2019administration militaire dans la colonie, un autre interdit la polygamie aux juifs d\u2019Alg\u00e9rie. Le plus important leur accorde de facto la citoyennet\u00e9 fran\u00e7aise. Publi\u00e9 au Bulletin officiel de la ville de Tours le 7 novembre 1870, il s\u2019\u00e9nonce ainsi : \u00ab Les Isra\u00e9lites indig\u00e8nes des d\u00e9partements de l\u2019Alg\u00e9rie sont d\u00e9clar\u00e9s citoyens fran\u00e7ais : en cons\u00e9quence, leur statut r\u00e9el et le statut personnel sont, \u00e0 compter de la promulgation du pr\u00e9sent d\u00e9cret, r\u00e9gl\u00e9s par la loi fran\u00e7aise. Tous les droits acquis jusqu\u2019\u00e0 ce jour restent inviolables. Toutes dispositions l\u00e9gislatives, d\u00e9cret, r\u00e8glement ou ordonnance contraires sont abolis. \u00bb<\/p>\n<p>La pr\u00e9sence de la communaut\u00e9 juive au Maghreb remonte au Ve si\u00e8cle avant J.-C. D\u2019autres s\u2019y installent quelques si\u00e8cles plus tard, notamment \u00e0 la suite de la r\u00e9pression exerc\u00e9e par l\u2019empereur Titus en Palestine apr\u00e8s la destruction du Temple en l\u2019an 70. \u00c0 la faveur de la conqu\u00eate musulmane en Afrique du Nord, les communaut\u00e9s juives obtiennent le statut de dhimmi. Ce cadre leur accorde la libert\u00e9 du culte, mais leur attribue un statut juridique inf\u00e9rieur \u00e0 celui des musulmans. Apr\u00e8s la victoire des Rois Catholiques contre les troupes musulmanes et la chute de Grenade en 1492, la chasse aux juifs est ouverte en terre ib\u00e9rique. Fuyant la mort et la pers\u00e9cution, des milliers d\u2019entre eux trouvent refuge dans les pays du Maghreb. Lorsque les troupes fran\u00e7aises s\u2019emparent de la R\u00e9gence d\u2019Alger, en 1830, on y compte quelque 30 000 juifs, r\u00e9sidant essentiellement dans la r\u00e9gion d\u2019Alger et de Constantine. Ils sont soumis au m\u00eame r\u00e9gime de l\u2019indig\u00e9nat que les populations musulmanes.<br \/>\nL\u2019empereur Napol\u00e9on III veut mettre fin \u00e0 cette situation. Le 17 septembre 1860, il foule le sol alg\u00e9rien avec en t\u00eate un grand projet : la cr\u00e9ation, sous la bienveillance et la protection de la France bien s\u00fbr, d\u2019un royaume arabe qui s\u2019\u00e9tendrait d\u2019Alger \u00e0 Bagdad. Sous le Second Empire, Europ\u00e9ens et indig\u00e8nes seront \u00e9gaux en droits et en devoirs. Fort d\u2019une p\u00e9tition de 10 000 signataires juifs r\u00e9clamant la \u00ab naturalisation collective \u00bb, Napol\u00e9on III fait promulguer, le 1er juillet 1865, un s\u00e9natus-consulte en vertu duquel juifs et musulmans pourraient acc\u00e9der, \u00e0 titre individuel, \u00e0 la nationalit\u00e9 fran\u00e7aise, \u00e0 condition de renoncer \u00e0 la loi religieuse. Cette proc\u00e9dure suscite peu d\u2019\u00e9chos. Le s\u00e9natus-consulte est consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme une h\u00e9r\u00e9sie, autant par les juifs que par les musulmans.<\/p>\n<p>Pour rem\u00e9dier aux insuffisances du s\u00e9natus-consulte, Adolphe Cr\u00e9mieux fait donc adopter le d\u00e9cret qui portera son nom, mais qui, aussit\u00f4t promulgu\u00e9, provoque une vague de col\u00e8re. La d\u00e9faite de la France contre l\u2019Allemagne et une terrible famine qui d\u00e9cime des milliers d\u2019entre eux accentuent le ressentiment des musulmans. Jug\u00e9 discriminatoire et offensant, le d\u00e9cret Cr\u00e9mieux sera \u00e0 l\u2019origine d\u2019une s\u00e9rie de r\u00e9voltes conduites par des chefs religieux. Le 8 avril 1871, Cheikh Aheddad d\u00e9cr\u00e8te le djihad contre la France. Des milliers de personnes p\u00e9rissent dans l\u2019insurrection, dont les chefs sont d\u00e9port\u00e9s en Nouvelle-Cal\u00e9donie. Dans l\u2019espoir de mettre fin \u00e0 la r\u00e9volte, le chef du gouvernement provisoire, Adolphe Thiers, d\u00e9pose, le 21 juillet 1871, un projet d\u2019abrogation du d\u00e9cret. Sous la pression du banquier Alphonse de Rothschild, sa proposition sera repouss\u00e9e. Le d\u00e9cret Cr\u00e9mieux ne sera finalement abrog\u00e9 qu\u2019en octobre 1940, sous le r\u00e9gime de Vichy.<\/p>\n<\/article>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>24 octobre 1870 &#8211;&nbsp;Promulgation du&nbsp;d\u00e9cret Cr\u00e9mieux &nbsp; Son nom restera \u00e0 jamais associ\u00e9 au destin des juifs d\u2019Alg\u00e9rie. Isaac Jacob Cr\u00e9mieux, plus connu sous le nom d\u2019Adolphe Cr\u00e9mieux, est l\u2019homme qui a contribu\u00e9 \u00e0 l\u2019assimilation de la communaut\u00e9 juive \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9poque o\u00f9 l\u2019Alg\u00e9rie \u00e9tait encore une colonie fran\u00e7aise. N\u00e9 le 30 avril 1796, il est&hellip;&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":62991,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"neve_meta_sidebar":"","neve_meta_container":"","neve_meta_enable_content_width":"","neve_meta_content_width":0,"neve_meta_title_alignment":"","neve_meta_author_avatar":"","neve_post_elements_order":"","neve_meta_disable_header":"","neve_meta_disable_footer":"","neve_meta_disable_title":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-62990","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.6 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>24 octobre 1870 -\u00a0Promulgation du\u00a0d\u00e9cret Cr\u00e9mieux | HARISSA.COM<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"24 octobre 1870 -&nbsp;Promulgation du&nbsp;d\u00e9cret Cr\u00e9mieux &nbsp; Son nom restera \u00e0 jamais associ\u00e9 au destin des juifs d\u2019Alg\u00e9rie. 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