{"id":63140,"date":"2019-12-09T01:11:48","date_gmt":"2019-12-09T01:11:48","guid":{"rendered":""},"modified":"2019-12-09T01:11:48","modified_gmt":"2019-12-09T01:11:48","slug":"la-pax-americana-en-question-david-bensoussan","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/harissa.com\/news-wp\/la-pax-americana-en-question-david-bensoussan\/","title":{"rendered":"La Pax Americana en question – David Bensoussan"},"content":{"rendered":"

La Pax Americana en question<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/b><\/p>\n

David Bensoussan<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

L\u2019auteur est professeur de sciences \u00e0 l\u2019Universit\u00e9 du Qu\u00e9bec<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/i><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Il est difficile de trouver le fil conducteur d\u2019un pr\u00e9sident qui agit et r\u00e9agit par des gazouillis impulsifs. La politique ext\u00e9rieure de l\u2019Am\u00e9rique peut sembler parfois sens\u00e9e, parfois chaotique. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Il semble bien qu\u2019au-del\u00e0 des convenances diplomatiques et politiques, et m\u00eame morales, son slogan America First<\/i> soit interpr\u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e0 la lettre. La politique de Trump est du donnant donnant. C\u2019est celle d\u2019un homme d\u2019affaires qui n\u00e9gocie dur, change d\u2019avis de fa\u00e7on impr\u00e9visible et dont les partenaires ne savent plus quoi faire pour arriver \u00e0 s\u2019entendre avec lui. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

En mati\u00e8re de politique \u00e9trang\u00e8re, les grands probl\u00e8mes de l\u2019heure sont la nucl\u00e9arisation de la Cor\u00e9e du Nord et de l\u2019Iran, la pertinence de l\u2019Alliance atlantique ainsi que la politique des faits accomplis de la Russie et ceux de la Chine dont la puissance ascendante menace la supr\u00e9matie \u00e9conomique et g\u00e9opolitique des \u00c9tats-Unis.   <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

L\u2019Alliance atlantique<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/b><\/p>\n

Trump fait table rase des convenances. Il a caus\u00e9 un grand \u00e9moi \u00e0 sa premi\u00e8re r\u00e9union de l\u2019OTAN en omettant de citer l\u2019Article 5 qui prot\u00e8ge tout pays membre de l\u2019OTAN d\u2019une attaque qui surviendrait. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Pour Trump, les budgets de d\u00e9fense europ\u00e9ens sont d\u00e9risoires et c\u2019est l\u2019Am\u00e9rique qui porte la responsabilit\u00e9 de la d\u00e9fense du Pacte atlantique. Il est vrai que les 100 milliards de dollars investis dans la d\u00e9fense am\u00e9ricaine \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9tranger profitent essentiellement \u00e0 l\u2019Allemagne, le Japon et la Cor\u00e9e du Sud. Ces pays investissent dans le d\u00e9veloppement de produits commerciaux qui concurrencent ou dominent le march\u00e9 am\u00e9ricain.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Or, la Russie a \u00ab grignot\u00e9 \u00bb des territoires ukrainiens ; qu\u2019en serait-il si elle s\u2019en prenait \u00e0 un membre de l\u2019OTAN ? Sans la protection am\u00e9ricaine, l\u2019Europe et le Canada seraient sans moyen de d\u00e9fense soutenable. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\"File:Map<\/p>\n

Les pays de l\u2019alliance atlantique<\/span><\/i><\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

Source : Wikimedia Commons<\/span><\/i><\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Les \u00ab \u00e9tats voyous \u00bb<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/b><\/p>\n

Trump a tent\u00e9 de briser la glace avec la Cor\u00e9e du Nord mais sans r\u00e9sultat apparent. Il s\u2019est retir\u00e9 de l\u2019accord des 5+1 portant sur les technologies nucl\u00e9aires iraniennes, cet accord d\u2019une dur\u00e9e limit\u00e9e n\u2019ayant eu aucun effet sur le r\u00f4le d\u00e9stabilisateur de l\u2019Iran au Proche-Orient ou sur le gel du d\u00e9veloppement de missiles balistiques. La pression des sanctions am\u00e9ricaines a empir\u00e9 les conditions \u00e9conomiques de ces pays, sans toutefois avoir encore eu l\u2019effet g\u00e9opolitique escompt\u00e9. La Cor\u00e9e du Nord continue ses d\u00e9veloppements militaires et balistiques. Il en va de m\u00eame pour l\u2019Iran qui continue de d\u00e9stabiliser la Syrie, l\u2019Irak, le Liban et le Y\u00e9men. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Le Moyen-Orient<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/b><\/p>\n

Au Moyen-Orient, Trump privil\u00e9gie les pays sunnites p\u00e9troliers desquels il obtient des contrats plus lucratifs, quitte \u00e0 fermer les yeux sur les souffrances de la population du Y\u00e9men. Il abandonne les Kurdes de Syrie \u00e0 leur sort, causant encore plus de chaos dans la seule r\u00e9gion relativement stable de ce pays. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Il privil\u00e9gie les relations avec l\u2019\u00c9tat d\u2019Isra\u00ebl, le seul \u00e9tat stable et fiable dans la r\u00e9gion. Il a cess\u00e9 de financer des programmes destin\u00e9s exclusivement aux Palestiniens au d\u00e9triment de dizaines de millions de r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s dans le monde.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Son intention est de retirer les troupes am\u00e9ricaines du Croissant Fertile, quitte \u00e0 ouvrir toute grande la porte \u00e0 la Russie pour contr\u00f4ler cette r\u00e9gion; mais il n\u2019est gu\u00e8re s\u00fbr que la Russie s\u2019en tienne au seul Croissant fertile\u2026<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

La Russie<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/b><\/p>\n

Trump tente de faire table rase du pass\u00e9 et de renouer avec la Russie. Cela est de bonne politique en vue d\u2019att\u00e9nuer les tensions russo-am\u00e9ricaines et de contrecarrer la puissance chinoise \u00e9mergente. Toutefois, le Congr\u00e8s am\u00e9ricain a vot\u00e9 des sanctions \u00e9conomiques contre la Russie en raison de l\u2019invasion de la Crim\u00e9e et de l\u2019ing\u00e9rence russe dans les \u00e9lections am\u00e9ricaines. Aussi la politique de chaud et de froid envers la Russie ne d\u00e9bouche pas sur une entente durable. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

La Chine<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/b><\/p>\n

La Chine fait montre d\u2019agressivit\u00e9 envers les voisins, notamment en prenant possession et en militarisant des ilots du Pacifique. Les pays du Sud-est asiatique souhaitent une protection am\u00e9ricaine accrue. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

En outre, la puissance financi\u00e8re et commerciale de la Chine de m\u00eame que son d\u00e9ploiement agressif des technologies 5G laissent pr\u00e9voir une influence croissante dans les affaires mondiales. Cela peut \u00eatre probl\u00e9matique lorsqu\u2019on sait qu\u2019en Chine m\u00eame, l\u2019ubiquit\u00e9 des cam\u00e9ras de surveillance, le traitement par intelligence artificielle de bases de donn\u00e9es personnalis\u00e9es et le contr\u00f4le de l\u2019Internet limitent s\u00e9rieusement les libert\u00e9s individuelles.  <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

La Pax Americana en question<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/b><\/p>\n

Ces derni\u00e8res d\u00e9cennies, le leadership am\u00e9ricain a \u00e9t\u00e9 remis en question en raison de guerres malheureuses et perdues, du rejet des engagements en faveur du climat, de l\u2019abandon des alli\u00e9s et le non-respect des clauses encadrant le commerce international. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Pourtant, les gestes pos\u00e9s par Trump auraient pu \u00eatre pr\u00e9sent\u00e9s diff\u00e9remment s\u2019il avait pris conseil. Le scandale des pressions faites sur l\u2019Ukraine aurait \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9samorc\u00e9. La coordination avec les alli\u00e9s aurait \u00e9t\u00e9 mieux g\u00e9r\u00e9e. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Trump a d\u00e9stabilis\u00e9 les rapports internationaux en remettant en question la responsabilit\u00e9 disproportionn\u00e9e de l\u2019Am\u00e9rique en mati\u00e8re de d\u00e9fense des pays de l\u2019Atlantique et du Pacifique. Il n\u2019en demeure pas moins que sous sa gouvernance, le budget de la D\u00e9fense a augment\u00e9 de pr\u00e8s de 15%.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Or, les p\u00e9riodes de remise en question sont propices \u00e0 la prise de nouvelles initiatives. Si Trump est r\u00e9\u00e9lu pour un second mandat, il pourra d\u00e9finir ou imposer de nouvelles directions \u00e0 la politique \u00e9trang\u00e8re am\u00e9ricaine. Dans le cas contraire, son successeur devra repenser le r\u00f4le des \u00c9tats-Unis dans le monde \u00e0 la lumi\u00e8re des remises en question fondamentales du pr\u00e9sident Trump.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Il faut toutefois garder \u00e0 l\u2019esprit que, quand bien m\u00eame l\u2019Alliance atlantique n\u2019a plus la m\u00eame importance strat\u00e9gique qu\u2019elle avait au temps de la guerre froide, elle demeure n\u00e9anmoins vitale pour pr\u00e9server un ensemble de valeurs de libert\u00e9 et de d\u00e9mocratie qui risquent d\u2019\u00eatre \u00e9branl\u00e9es par la Chine et la Russie. Ces pays au r\u00e9gime autoritaire n\u2019h\u00e9siteront surement pas de profiter de la vacance qui accompagne l\u2019isolationnisme am\u00e9ricain pour intensifier encore plus leur pr\u00e9potence.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Nul doute que le sommet de Londres qui va c\u00e9l\u00e9brer 70 ans de l\u2019Alliance atlantique va entamer la r\u00e9flexion sur son actualisation, ses orientations strat\u00e9giques et sur les responsabilit\u00e9s respectives de ses membres. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

La Pax Americana en question David Bensoussan L\u2019auteur est professeur de sciences \u00e0 l\u2019Universit\u00e9 du Qu\u00e9bec   Il est difficile de trouver le fil conducteur d\u2019un pr\u00e9sident qui agit et r\u00e9agit par des gazouillis impulsifs. La politique ext\u00e9rieure de l\u2019Am\u00e9rique peut sembler parfois sens\u00e9e, parfois chaotique. Il semble bien qu\u2019au-del\u00e0 des convenances diplomatiques et politiques,… <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":63141,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"neve_meta_sidebar":"","neve_meta_container":"","neve_meta_enable_content_width":"","neve_meta_content_width":0,"neve_meta_title_alignment":"","neve_meta_author_avatar":"","neve_post_elements_order":"","neve_meta_disable_header":"","neve_meta_disable_footer":"","neve_meta_disable_title":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-63140","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"yoast_head":"\nLa Pax Americana en question - David Bensoussan | HARISSA.COM<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"La Pax Americana en question David Bensoussan L\u2019auteur est professeur de sciences \u00e0 l\u2019Universit\u00e9 du Qu\u00e9bec   Il est difficile de trouver le fil\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/harissa.com\/news-wp\/la-pax-americana-en-question-david-bensoussan\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"La Pax Americana en question - 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