{"id":63215,"date":"2020-01-19T23:08:44","date_gmt":"2020-01-19T23:08:44","guid":{"rendered":""},"modified":"2020-01-19T23:08:44","modified_gmt":"2020-01-19T23:08:44","slug":"raoul-wallenberg-juste-parmi-les-nations","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/harissa.com\/news-wp\/raoul-wallenberg-juste-parmi-les-nations\/","title":{"rendered":"Raoul Wallenberg, Juste parmi les nations"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Raoul Wallenberg, Juste parmi les nations<\/p>\n<div class=\"node-content\">\n<div class=\"field-items field field-name-body field-type-text-with-summary field-label-hidden\">\n<p>Ce diplomate su\u00e9dois a sauv\u00e9 des dizaines de milliers de Juifs de la Shoah, en les pla\u00e7ant sous protection de la couronne su\u00e9doise.<\/p>\n<p>Raoul Wallenberg nait en 1912 dans une c\u00e9l\u00e8bre famille aristocratique de banquiers.&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Apr\u00e8s l\u2019invasion de la Hongrie le 19 mars 1944, la l\u00e9gation su\u00e9doise lan\u00e7a une op\u00e9ration de sauvetage afin d\u2019emp\u00eacher la d\u00e9portation des Juifs vers les camps d\u2019extermination.&nbsp;<\/strong>La l\u00e9gation su\u00e9doise \u00e0 Budapest fit face \u00e0 une pression \u00e9norme en raison du tr\u00e8s grand nombre de Juifs qui sollicitaient une protection sous la forme d\u2019un passeport ou d\u2019un visa. Elle demanda la nomination d\u2019un envoy\u00e9 sp\u00e9cial dont la t\u00e2che principale serait de g\u00e9rer les passeports. Raoul Wallenberg fut nomm\u00e9 premier secr\u00e9taire \u00e0 l\u2019ambassade de Su\u00e8de \u00e0 Budapest avec tous les privil\u00e8ges diplomatiques.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Raoul Wallenberg arriva dans la capitale hongroise le 9 juillet 1944 avec la liste des Juifs qu\u2019il devait aider et 650 passeports de protection destin\u00e9s aux Juifs ayant des liens avec la Su\u00e8de.&nbsp;<\/strong>Toutefois, il ne se limita pas \u00e0 cela. Il&nbsp;<strong>commen\u00e7a \u00e0 d\u00e9livrer des milliers de sauf-conduits<\/strong> et \u00e0 acheter des b\u00e2timents qu\u2019il faisait recouvrir du drapeau su\u00e9dois et transformait ainsi en \u00eelots extraterritoriaux o\u00f9 <strong>il abritait des Juifs pour mieux les prot\u00e9ger.&nbsp;<\/strong>(Le sauf-conduit autorisait son titulaire \u00e0 se rendre en Su\u00e8de ou dans n\u2019importe quel autre des pays repr\u00e9sent\u00e9s par la Su\u00e8de. <strong>Pr\u00e8s de 4 500 Juifs poss\u00e9daient un document de ce type, qui les prot\u00e9geait de la menace des travaux forc\u00e9s et les dispensait de porter l\u2019\u00e9toile jaune.)<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">En octobre 1944, la situation se d\u00e9t\u00e9riora brusquement \u00e0 Budapest. Le parti fasciste des \u00ab\u00a0Croix fl\u00e9ch\u00e9es\u00a0\u00bb s\u2019empara du pouvoir et mit en place <strong>un r\u00e9gime bas\u00e9 sur la terreur. Des Juifs \u00e9taient abattus en pleine rue ; d\u2019autres tra\u00een\u00e9s jusqu\u2019au Danube puis ex\u00e9cut\u00e9s ou noy\u00e9s dans l\u2019eau glaciale du fleuve.&nbsp;<\/strong>Etant donn\u00e9 la gravit\u00e9 de la situation, il commen\u00e7a \u00e0 d\u00e9livrer des sauf-conduits sans distinction, en grand nombre, et fit placer trente-deux b\u00e2timents ainsi que deux h\u00f4pitaux et une soupe populaire sous la protection de la Su\u00e8de.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Raoul Wallenberg eut recours \u00e0 des m\u00e9thodes peu conventionnelles, incluant corruption et chantage, afin de financer et de faire fonctionner cette gigantesque op\u00e9ration de sauvetage.&nbsp;<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Le r\u00e9gime des Croix fl\u00e9ch\u00e9es ayant \u00e9t\u00e9 instaur\u00e9, <strong>Adolf Eichmann revint \u00e0 Budapest le 17 octobre 1944 et ordonna imm\u00e9diatement la d\u00e9portation des Juifs de la ville. <\/strong>Les sauf-conduits constituaient un entrave, mais le r\u00e9gime de \u00ab\u00a0Croix fl\u00e9ch\u00e9es\u00a0\u00bb ne se souciait gu\u00e8re des questions de l\u00e9galit\u00e9 et des documents officiels.&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Adolf Eichmann ordonna une \u00ab marche de la mort \u00bb de dizaines de milliers de personnes jusqu\u2019\u00e0 la fronti\u00e8re autrichienne.<\/strong>&nbsp;Raoul Wallenberg et les repr\u00e9sentants d\u2019autres pays neutres suivirent les marcheurs \u00e0 bord de leurs v\u00e9hicules, leur distribuant nourriture, v\u00eatements et m\u00e9dicaments. <strong>Il parvint \u00e0 arracher de nombreux Juifs \u00e0 cette marche de la mort en affirmant qu\u2019ils faisaient partie de ses \u00ab prot\u00e9g\u00e9s \u00bb juifs <\/strong>et continua \u00e0 distribuer des laissez-passer, m\u00eame sous la menace.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Les m\u00e9thodes audacieuses de Raoul Wallenberg lui firent courir de graves dangers mais jamais il n\u2019envisagea de mettre un terme \u00e0 ses activit\u00e9s.<\/strong> Il demeura \u00e0 Budapest avec ses \u00ab prot\u00e9g\u00e9s \u00bb juifs pendant le si\u00e8ge de la ville par les Sovi\u00e9tiques et mena\u00e7a le commandant allemand et le chef des Croix fl\u00e9ch\u00e9es afin de leur faire renoncer \u00e0 leur projet de s\u2019attaquer aux Juifs encore pr\u00e9sents.&nbsp;<strong><em>\u00ab J\u2019ai accept\u00e9 cette mission et je ne pourrai jamais rentrer \u00e0 Stockholm si je ne sais pas au fond de moi que j\u2019ai fait tout ce qu\u2019un homme pouvait faire pour sauver autant de Juifs que possible\u00bb <\/em><\/strong>avait-il d\u00e9clar\u00e9 \u00e0<em>&nbsp;<\/em>un de ses coll\u00e8gues de la l\u00e9gation su\u00e9doise.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Apr\u00e8s l\u2019entr\u00e9e des Sovi\u00e9tiques dans la ville, Raoul Wallenberg fut emmen\u00e9 par des soldats russes<\/strong>. C\u2019\u00e9tait le 17 janvier 1945.&nbsp;<strong>Il avait alors 32 ans et jamais on ne le revit.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Durant les premi\u00e8res ann\u00e9es qui suivirent sa disparition, les Sovi\u00e9tiques pr\u00e9tendirent ne conna\u00eetre personne du nom de Raoul Wallenberg. <strong>En 1956, les Sovi\u00e9tiques d\u00e9clar\u00e8rent finalement qu\u2019il \u00e9tait d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9 en prison en 1947.<\/strong>&nbsp;Les circonstances de son arrestation et de son d\u00e9c\u00e8s ou les raisons du refus du r\u00e9gime sovi\u00e9tique de r\u00e9v\u00e9ler plus de d\u00e9tails sur ce qui \u00e9tait advenu de lui n\u2019ont jamais \u00e9t\u00e9 connues.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Le 26 novembre 1963, Yad Vashem d\u00e9cerna \u00e0 Raoul Wallenberg le titre de Juste parmi les nations.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Tom Lantos, un juif sauv\u00e9 par Raoul Wallenberg lui rendit hommage en ces mots : <em>\u00ab Durant l\u2019occupation nazie, ce jeune et h\u00e9ro\u00efque diplomate d\u00e9laissa le confort et la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 dont il jouissait \u00e0 Stockholm pour voler au secours de ses fr\u00e8res humains dans l\u2019enfer qu\u2019\u00e9tait devenue la capitale hongroise. Il n\u2019avait pas grand-chose en commun avec eux : il \u00e9tait luth\u00e9rien, eux \u00e9taient Juifs, il \u00e9tait su\u00e9dois, eux hongrois. Pourtant, faisant preuve d\u2019un courage et d\u2019une cr\u00e9ativit\u00e9 hors du commun, il sauva la vie de dizaines de milliers d\u2019hommes, de femmes et d\u2019enfants en les pla\u00e7ant sous la protection de la couronne su\u00e9doise \u00bb<\/em>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Il est devenu l\u2019une des figures les plus c\u00e9l\u00e8bres parmi les Justes des Nations.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Source&nbsp;: Yad Vashem<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Raoul Wallenberg, Juste parmi les nations Ce diplomate su\u00e9dois a sauv\u00e9 des dizaines de milliers de Juifs de la Shoah, en les pla\u00e7ant sous protection de la couronne su\u00e9doise. Raoul Wallenberg nait en 1912 dans une c\u00e9l\u00e8bre famille aristocratique de banquiers.&nbsp; Apr\u00e8s l\u2019invasion de la Hongrie le 19 mars 1944, la l\u00e9gation su\u00e9doise lan\u00e7a une&hellip;&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":63216,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"neve_meta_sidebar":"","neve_meta_container":"","neve_meta_enable_content_width":"","neve_meta_content_width":0,"neve_meta_title_alignment":"","neve_meta_author_avatar":"","neve_post_elements_order":"","neve_meta_disable_header":"","neve_meta_disable_footer":"","neve_meta_disable_title":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-63215","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.6 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Raoul Wallenberg, Juste parmi 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