{"id":63537,"date":"2020-05-10T18:50:51","date_gmt":"2020-05-10T18:50:51","guid":{"rendered":""},"modified":"2020-05-10T18:50:51","modified_gmt":"2020-05-10T18:50:51","slug":"juliette-bessis-par-sophie-bessis","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/harissa.com\/news-wp\/juliette-bessis-par-sophie-bessis\/","title":{"rendered":"Juliette Bessis, Par Sophie Bessis"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Juliette Bessis, Par Sophie Bessis<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 1em 0px 0px; font-family: inherit;\">Juliette Saada est n\u00e9e \u00e0 Gab\u00e8s le 16 septembre 1925. Elle y passe sa petite enfance jusqu\u2019\u00e0 la mort de son p\u00e8re survenue en 1<span class=\"gmail-text_exposed_show\" style=\"display: inline; font-family: inherit;\">930. Sa m\u00e8re s\u2019installe alors \u00e0 Tunis avec ses trois enfants, Juliette \u2013 appel\u00e9e Zouzou depuis sa petite enfance \u2013 et ses deux fr\u00e8res a\u00efn\u00e9s. Juliette Saada a toujours gard\u00e9 un attachement profond pour son Sud natal o\u00f9 elle est r\u00e9guli\u00e8rement revenue durant sa jeunesse.<\/span><br \/>\n&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 1em 0px 0px; font-family: inherit;\"><span class=\"gmail-text_exposed_show\" style=\"display: inline; font-family: inherit;\">A l\u2019\u00e2ge de 16 ans, elle rencontre Aldo Bessis, jeune agronome issu d\u2019une famille de la vieille bourgeoisie juive tunisoise, qui a adh\u00e9r\u00e9 au parti communiste tunisien en 1938 et devient \u2013 avec quelques autres \u2013 un de ses dirigeants clandestins durant la p\u00e9riode de l\u2019occupation allemande de novembre 1942 \u00e0 mai 1943. Juliette partage les convictions de son futur mari et adh\u00e8re au parti communiste dont elle devient rapidement une militante active. Aldo Bessis et Juliette Saada se marient le 3 f\u00e9vrier 1944 et consacrent leur temps \u00e0 leur parti, \u00e0 leurs activit\u00e9s syndicales au sein de l\u2019USTT, syndicat affili\u00e9 au parti communiste, et \u00e0 la lutte pour l\u2019ind\u00e9pendance qui entre alors dans sa phase finale.<\/span><br \/>\n&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 1em 0px 0px; font-family: inherit;\"><span class=\"gmail-text_exposed_show\" style=\"display: inline; font-family: inherit;\">Apr\u00e8s la naissance en 1947 de sa premi\u00e8re fille, Sophie, Juliette devenue Bessis \u2013 seul nom qu\u2019elle gardera \u2013 reprend ses \u00e9tudes qu\u2019elle avait abandonn\u00e9es en classe de seconde au moment des mesures antijuives prises par le r\u00e9gime de Vichy, passe son baccalaur\u00e9at, entre en ann\u00e9e de prop\u00e9deutique puis entame une licence d\u2019histoire-g\u00e9ographie \u00e0 l\u2019Ecole des hautes \u00e9tudes de Tunis, embryon de la future universit\u00e9 tunisienne, rattach\u00e9e \u00e0 la Sorbonne o\u00f9 les \u00e9tudiants allaient alors passer leurs examens oraux. Elle obtient sa licence au d\u00e9but des ann\u00e9es 1950, puis son dipl\u00f4me d\u2019\u00e9tudes sup\u00e9rieures en g\u00e9ographie qui a pour th\u00e8me l\u2019\u00e9tude monographique de la plaine de Sminja-Moghrane, tandis que son dipl\u00f4me annexe porte sur les mines de fer de Djerissa. Ce n\u2019est que plus tard qu\u2019elle abandonnera la g\u00e9ographie pour se consacrer pleinement \u00e0 l\u2019histoire.Apr\u00e8s la naissance en 1954 de sa seconde fille Sandra, elle est nomm\u00e9e en 1956 professeur \u00e0 l\u2019annexe de Khaznadar du coll\u00e8ge Sadiki o\u00f9 elle enseigne jusqu\u2019en 1961, avant d\u2019\u00eatre mut\u00e9e au lyc\u00e9e Alaoui de Tunis. Sadiki-Khaznadar, o\u00f9 les professeurs de gauche sont alors nombreux, a \u00e9t\u00e9 pendant ces ann\u00e9es un creuset de la formation de la premi\u00e8re g\u00e9n\u00e9ration de gauche de la Tunisie ind\u00e9pendante.<\/span><br \/>\n&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 1em 0px 0px; font-family: inherit;\"><span class=\"gmail-text_exposed_show\" style=\"display: inline; font-family: inherit;\">En 1962, la fonction publique tunisienne entame un processus d\u2019\u00e9puration de ses hauts fonctionnaires juifs et Aldo Bessis se voit contraint de quitter le minist\u00e8re de l\u2019Agriculture o\u00f9 il \u00e9tait entr\u00e9 en 1947. Engag\u00e9 \u00e0 l\u2019Organisation des Nations unies pour l\u2019alimentation et l\u2019agriculture (FAO), il part avec sa famille au Cameroun. Juliette est alors nomm\u00e9e, \u00e0 titre d\u2019expert de l\u2019Unesco, professeur d\u2019histoire \u00e0 l\u2019Ecole normale sup\u00e9rieure de Yaound\u00e9. En 1964, la famille s\u2019installe pour quelques mois \u00e0 Addis Abeba en Ethiopie avant qu\u2019Aldo Bessis ne soit nomm\u00e9 au si\u00e8ge de la FAO \u00e0 Rome. Juliette restera profond\u00e9ment marqu\u00e9e par ses ann\u00e9es subsahariennes et consacrera plus tard \u00e0 l\u2019Afrique noire une partie de ses cours \u00e0 l\u2019universit\u00e9 de Vincennes.<\/span><br \/>\n&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 1em 0px 0px; font-family: inherit;\"><span class=\"gmail-text_exposed_show\" style=\"display: inline; font-family: inherit;\">Apr\u00e8s le d\u00e9c\u00e8s pr\u00e9matur\u00e9 de son \u00e9poux en avril 1969, Juliette Bessis vit trois ans \u00e0 Gen\u00e8ve o\u00f9 elle est expert du Bureau International du Travail, avant de le quitter en 1972 pour s\u2019installer d\u00e9finitivement \u00e0 Paris o\u00f9 elle commence une riche carri\u00e8re universitaire centr\u00e9e sur l\u2019\u00e9tude de la Tunisie et du Maghreb contemporains. Sa th\u00e8se, soutenue en 1980, a pour titre : L\u2019Italie mussolinienne et la Tunisie, 1922-1943. Elle en tire un livre en 1981 paru sous le titre de La M\u00e9diterran\u00e9e fasciste. D\u00e8s lors, enseignement et \u00e9criture absorbent tout son temps. Elle travaille et publie beaucoup jusqu\u2019\u00e0 sa retraite en 1995. De 1972 \u00e0 1995, elle a enseign\u00e9 \u00e0 l\u2019Universit\u00e9 de Paris VIII-Vincennes, devenue au d\u00e9but des ann\u00e9es 1980 Paris VIII Saint-Denis et \u00e0 l\u2019Universit\u00e9 de Paris I, sans compter sa participation \u00e0 de nombreux s\u00e9minaires et colloques, en France comme en Tunisie et au Maghreb. En 1997, elle livre une sorte de testament d\u2019historienne dans son ouvrage Maghreb, la travers\u00e9e du si\u00e8cle, tandis que ses nombreux articles sont regroup\u00e9s dans un recueil intitul\u00e9 Maghreb, questions d\u2019histoire. Elle a consacr\u00e9 une part importante de ses travaux \u00e0 l\u2019histoire du syndicalisme tunisien \u2013 dont une biographie de Farhat Hached parue dans la collection Les Africains dirig\u00e9e par le professeur Charles-Andr\u00e9 Julien aux \u00e9ditions Jeune Afrique. Elle a \u00e9galement beaucoup \u00e9crit sur l\u2019\u00e9poque de la seconde guerre mondiale en Tunisie, en particulier autour du r\u00f4le du N\u00e9o-Destour, puis de l\u2019\u00e9pisode de Moncef Bey et du monc\u00e9fisme. Enfin la crise youss\u00e9fiste et les d\u00e9buts de l\u2019ind\u00e9pendance ont fait partie de son champ de recherches<\/span><br \/>\n&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 1em 0px 0px; font-family: inherit;\"><span class=\"gmail-text_exposed_show\" style=\"display: inline; font-family: inherit;\">Jusqu\u2019\u00e0 trois ans avant son d\u00e9c\u00e8s, elle est revenue tous les ans en Tunisie, qu\u2019elle n\u2019a jamais cess\u00e9 de consid\u00e9rer comme son pays avec lequel, depuis son d\u00e9part en 1962, elle a entretenu des relations passionnelles et douloureuses, faites d\u2019amour et aussi de rancune pour le sort que la Tunisie ind\u00e9pendante a r\u00e9serv\u00e9 \u00e0 sa minorit\u00e9 juive. Dans les ann\u00e9es 1970, elle s\u2019\u00e9tait activement engag\u00e9e pour la lib\u00e9ration des militants de l\u2019organisation de gauche Perspectives \u2013 parmi lesquels elle comptait beaucoup d\u2019amis \u2013 condamn\u00e9s \u00e0 de longues peines de prison et enferm\u00e9s au bagne de Borj Roumi. Elle avait \u00e9t\u00e9 enthousiasm\u00e9e par la r\u00e9volution de janvier 2011 qui lui a rappel\u00e9 les luttes de sa jeunesse et ses convictions qu\u2019elle n\u2019a jamais abandonn\u00e9es malgr\u00e9 son \u00e9loignement du militantisme actif.<\/span><br \/>\n&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 1em 0px 0px; font-family: inherit;\"><span class=\"gmail-text_exposed_show\" style=\"display: inline; font-family: inherit;\">Juliette Bessis est morte \u00e0 Paris le 18 mars 2017 \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e2ge de 91 ans.<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Juliette Bessis, Par Sophie Bessis Juliette Saada est n\u00e9e \u00e0 Gab\u00e8s le 16 septembre 1925. Elle y passe sa petite enfance jusqu\u2019\u00e0 la mort de son p\u00e8re survenue en 1930. Sa m\u00e8re s\u2019installe alors \u00e0 Tunis avec ses trois enfants, Juliette \u2013 appel\u00e9e Zouzou depuis sa petite enfance \u2013 et ses deux fr\u00e8res a\u00efn\u00e9s. Juliette&hellip;&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":63538,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"neve_meta_sidebar":"","neve_meta_container":"","neve_meta_enable_content_width":"","neve_meta_content_width":0,"neve_meta_title_alignment":"","neve_meta_author_avatar":"","neve_post_elements_order":"","neve_meta_disable_header":"","neve_meta_disable_footer":"","neve_meta_disable_title":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-63537","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.6 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Juliette Bessis, Par Sophie Bessis | HARISSA.COM<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Juliette Bessis, Par Sophie Bessis Juliette Saada est n\u00e9e \u00e0 Gab\u00e8s le 16 septembre 1925. 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