{"id":63618,"date":"2020-05-31T20:14:09","date_gmt":"2020-05-31T20:14:09","guid":{"rendered":""},"modified":"2020-05-31T20:14:09","modified_gmt":"2020-05-31T20:14:09","slug":"la-police-et-gendarmerie-francaises-pendant-loccupation","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/harissa.com\/news-wp\/la-police-et-gendarmerie-francaises-pendant-loccupation\/","title":{"rendered":"La police et gendarmerie fran\u00e7aises pendant l\u2019Occupation"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"breadcrumb\">&nbsp;<\/div>\n<div class=\"main-container container \">\n<section class=\"col-xs-12 main-section\">\n<div class=\"ctn pull-left\">La police et gendarmerie fran\u00e7aises pendant l\u2019Occupation<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"accordeon_type_1\">\n<div class=\"accordeon\" style=\"overflow: hidden; display: block;\">\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\">\u00c0 la suite de l\u2019armistice du 22&nbsp;juin 1940, et plus encore apr\u00e8s l\u2019entrevue entre P\u00e9tain et Hitler \u00e0 Montoire le 24&nbsp;octobre 1940, le r\u00e9gime de Vichy met en place une collaboration d\u2019\u00c9tat avec l\u2019occupant nazi. Dans le but incertain d\u2019obtenir des compensations de la part des vainqueurs, l\u2019ensemble de l\u2019appareil administratif fran\u00e7ais se met au service des Allemands, anticipant leurs souhaits et surench\u00e9rissant m\u00eame parfois sur leurs demandes.<\/p>\n<p>La police, qui d\u00e9pend du minist\u00e8re de l\u2019Int\u00e9rieur, et la gendarmerie, organe militaire, ne d\u00e9rogent pas \u00e0 la r\u00e8gle. Des milliers de fonctionnaires et militaires alors en poste sont tenus d\u2019ex\u00e9cuter les ordres. Lutte contre la R\u00e9sistance, r\u00e9pression, maintien de l\u2019ordre, rafles de juifs ou travail de police plus habituel s\u2019inscrivent dans cette perspective. Certaines op\u00e9rations peuvent, \u00e0 l\u2019occasion, m\u00ealer des Fran\u00e7ais et des Allemands, comme celle que repr\u00e9sente cette photographie.<\/p>\n<p>Au-del\u00e0 de son aspect documentaire, cette image peut \u00eatre appr\u00e9hend\u00e9e \u00e0 travers l\u2019\u0153uvre de propagande mise en place par Vichy comme par les nazis pour influencer la population et la convaincre des bienfaits de cette politique de coop\u00e9ration.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"title_accordeon opened\">\n<h2>Analyse des images<\/h2>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"accordeon\" style=\"overflow: hidden; display: block;\">\n<h3>La collaboration paisible<\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\">Le photojournaliste Arthur Grimm se rend c\u00e9l\u00e8bre en couvrant de nombreux \u00e9v\u00e9nements politiques et des campagnes militaires aupr\u00e8s des nazis, jusqu\u2019\u00e0 devenir l\u2019un des photographes les plus en vue du III<sup>e<\/sup>&nbsp;Reich. Avec cette photographie, il choisit manifestement d\u2019offrir l\u2019image d\u2019une collaboration apais\u00e9e et b\u00e9n\u00e9fique entre la France et l\u2019Allemagne.<\/p>\n<p>\u00c0 la porte d\u2019une maison individuelle assez haute (deux rang\u00e9es de volets), se tiennent un gendarme fran\u00e7ais (de dos) et un soldat allemand (de face). Ils sont ais\u00e9ment identifiables \u00e0 leurs uniformes&nbsp;: calotte et insigne de la Wehrmacht pour l\u2019Allemand, k\u00e9pi, ceinture et broderies sur la manche pour le Fran\u00e7ais.<\/p>\n<p>Les deux hommes patrouillent, agissant manifestement en commun, dans le calme et avec un certain naturel.<\/p>\n<p>Le soldat allemand consulte un document rang\u00e9 dans une pochette et tient un petit stylo \u00e0 la main droite. Il pr\u00e9sente une mine \u00e0 la fois concentr\u00e9e et sereine, presque satisfaite. Le gendarme fran\u00e7ais, quant \u00e0 lui, le regarde, les bras ballants, et on croit deviner un l\u00e9ger sourire sur son visage, \u00e0 peine visible de profil.<\/p>\n<p>Alors que tous deux semblent sur le point de frapper \u00e0 l\u2019adresse rep\u00e9r\u00e9e, nulle agressivit\u00e9, hostilit\u00e9, menace ou urgence ne transpara\u00eet. La sc\u00e8ne tout enti\u00e8re est baign\u00e9e d\u2019une forme de tranquillit\u00e9, impression renforc\u00e9e par la douce luminosit\u00e9 qu\u2019utilise parfaitement Arthur Grimm.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"title_accordeon opened\">\n<h2>Interpr\u00e9tation<\/h2>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"accordeon\" style=\"overflow: hidden; display: block;\">\n<h3>La collaboration&nbsp;: op\u00e9ration spectaculaire ou travail quotidien<\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\">Une atmosph\u00e8re rassurante et presque bonhomme se d\u00e9gage de cette photographie. Ici, la collaboration se d\u00e9cline au quotidien et \u00e0 visage humain, sans heurt ni violence. Arthur Grimm soigne sa mise en sc\u00e8ne pour figurer deux militaires s\u00e9rieux et appliqu\u00e9s, mais aussi complices et bienveillants. Efficace et protectrice, la collaboration repose sur l\u2019entente (le travail \u00ab&nbsp;main dans la main&nbsp;\u00bb) et une forme de proximit\u00e9 entre les deux personnages.<\/p>\n<p>Le cadre de la sc\u00e8ne (une maison on ne peut plus banale, avec son num\u00e9ro&nbsp;20) \u00e9voque tout d\u2019abord un maillage et un contr\u00f4le de l\u2019ensemble du territoire&nbsp;: en France, n\u2019importe quelle maison est prot\u00e9g\u00e9e, toutes les adresses sont recens\u00e9es dans des documents comme celui que consulte le soldat allemand. L\u2019ordre nouveau s\u2019appliquerait ainsi \u00e0 chaque fibre du tissu urbain ou rural, tissu dans lequel il aurait su s\u2019ins\u00e9rer parfaitement.<\/p>\n<p>L\u2019image sugg\u00e8re \u00e9galement que cette patrouille est somme toute banale. Le maintien de l\u2019ordre se fait partout, tranquille et bien rod\u00e9, \u00e0 la faveur d\u2019une collaboration qui serait d\u00e9sormais ancr\u00e9e dans le pays comme dans les m\u0153urs, naturelle et normale. Les deux hommes ne semblent pas effectuer ici leur premi\u00e8re action conjointe, ni en \u00e9prouver quelque g\u00eane ou difficult\u00e9. Le message ainsi d\u00e9livr\u00e9 est que dans le pays o\u00f9 elle assure l\u2019ordre, la Wehrmacht ne s\u2019imposerait pas brutalement mais saurait, au contraire, se fondre dans le d\u00e9cor, trouvant facilement \u00e0 travailler avec les autorit\u00e9s autochtones. Il ne s\u2019agirait pas d\u2019occupation ou de r\u00e9pression, mais d\u2019un sympathique maintien de l\u2019ordre effectu\u00e9 en commun.<\/p>\n<p>On peut n\u00e9anmoins noter que le militaire allemand semble diriger l\u2019op\u00e9ration, r\u00e9duisant le gendarme, d\u2019ailleurs montr\u00e9 de dos, au r\u00f4le de suppl\u00e9tif, attendant, les bras le long du corps. Une mani\u00e8re peut-\u00eatre involontaire de la part d\u2019Arthur Grimm de signaler, s\u2019il en \u00e9tait besoin, que cette entente cordiale se fait bien s\u00fbr sous l\u2019autorit\u00e9 (bienveillante) des nazis.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"accordeon_type_2\">\n<div class=\"title_accordeon opened\">Bibliographie<\/div>\n<div class=\"accordeon bibliographie\" style=\"overflow: hidden; display: block;\">\n<p>AZ\u00c9MA Jean-Pierre, <em>Nouvelle histoire de la France contemporaine. XIV&nbsp;: De Munich \u00e0 la Lib\u00e9ration (1938-1944)<\/em>, Paris, Le&nbsp;Seuil, coll. \u00ab&nbsp;Points&nbsp;: Histoire&nbsp;\u00bb (no&nbsp;114), 1979.<\/p>\n<p>AZ\u00c9MA Jean-Pierre, WIEVIORKA Olivier, <em>Vichy (1940-1944)<\/em>, Paris, Perrin, 1997.<\/p>\n<p>BERLI\u00c8RE Jean-Marc, \u00ab&nbsp;Les polices de l\u2019\u00c9tat fran\u00e7ais&nbsp;: gen\u00e8se et construction d\u2019un appareil r\u00e9pressif&nbsp;\u00bb, dans GARNIER Bernard, LELEU Jean-Luc, QUELLIEN Jean (dir.), <em>La&nbsp;r\u00e9pression en France (1940-1945)<\/em>, actes de colloque (Caen, 2005), Caen, Centre de recherche d\u2019histoire quantitative, coll. \u00ab&nbsp;Seconde Guerre mondiale&nbsp;\u00bb (no&nbsp;7), 2007, p.&nbsp;107-127.<\/p>\n<p>COINTET Mich\u00e8le, <em>Nouvelle histoire de Vichy<\/em>, Paris, Fayard, 2011.<\/p>\n<p>ORY Pascal, <em>Les&nbsp;collaborateurs (1940-1945)<\/em>, Paris, Le&nbsp;Seuil, 1976.<\/p>\n<p>PAXTON Robert&nbsp;O., <em>La&nbsp;France de Vichy (1940-1944)<\/em>, Paris, Le&nbsp;Seuil, coll. \u00ab&nbsp;L\u2019univers historique&nbsp;\u00bb (no&nbsp;2), 1973.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>&nbsp; La police et gendarmerie fran\u00e7aises pendant l\u2019Occupation \u00c0 la suite de l\u2019armistice du 22&nbsp;juin 1940, et plus encore apr\u00e8s l\u2019entrevue entre P\u00e9tain et Hitler \u00e0 Montoire le 24&nbsp;octobre 1940, le r\u00e9gime de Vichy met en place une collaboration d\u2019\u00c9tat avec l\u2019occupant nazi. Dans le but incertain d\u2019obtenir des compensations de la part des vainqueurs,&hellip;&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":63619,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"neve_meta_sidebar":"","neve_meta_container":"","neve_meta_enable_content_width":"","neve_meta_content_width":0,"neve_meta_title_alignment":"","neve_meta_author_avatar":"","neve_post_elements_order":"","neve_meta_disable_header":"","neve_meta_disable_footer":"","neve_meta_disable_title":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-63618","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.6 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>La police et gendarmerie fran\u00e7aises pendant l\u2019Occupation | HARISSA.COM<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"&nbsp; La police et gendarmerie fran\u00e7aises pendant l\u2019Occupation \u00c0 la suite de l\u2019armistice du 22&nbsp;juin 1940, et plus encore apr\u00e8s l\u2019entrevue entre\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/harissa.com\/news-wp\/la-police-et-gendarmerie-francaises-pendant-loccupation\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"La police et gendarmerie fran\u00e7aises pendant l\u2019Occupation | HARISSA.COM\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"&nbsp; 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