{"id":64180,"date":"2020-10-12T16:15:05","date_gmt":"2020-10-12T16:15:05","guid":{"rendered":""},"modified":"2020-10-12T16:15:05","modified_gmt":"2020-10-12T16:15:05","slug":"la-communaute-juive-de-sousse-par-claire-rubinstein-cohen","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/harissa.com\/news-wp\/la-communaute-juive-de-sousse-par-claire-rubinstein-cohen\/","title":{"rendered":"LA COMMUNAUT\u00c9 JUIVE DE SOUSSE PAR CLAIRE RUBINSTEIN-COHEN"},"content":{"rendered":"<div>\n<div dir=\"auto\" style=\"text-align: start;\">LA COMMUNAUT\u00c9 JUIVE DE SOUSSE PAR CLAIRE RUBINSTEIN-COHEN<\/div>\n<div dir=\"auto\" style=\"text-align: start;\">&nbsp;<\/div>\n<div dir=\"auto\" style=\"text-align: start;\">&nbsp;<\/div>\n<div dir=\"auto\" style=\"text-align: start;\">PRESIDENTE de la SHJT. (Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 d\u2019histoire des juifs de Tunisie).<\/div>\n<div dir=\"auto\" style=\"text-align: start;\">&nbsp;<\/div>\n<div dir=\"auto\" style=\"text-align: start;\">La communaut\u00e9 juive de Sousse constitu\u00e9e de 1500 personnes en 1857 \u00e9tait soumise au statut de la Dhimma, tol\u00e9rance accord\u00e9e par les Musulmans aux Gens du Livre, (Ahl el kittab), Juifs et Chr\u00e9tiens. Le 10 septembre 1857, Mohamed Pacha Bey promulgua une constitution r\u00e9formiste, le Pacte fondamental, qui introduisit l\u2019\u00e9galit\u00e9 entre tous les groupes confessionnels.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<div dir=\"auto\" style=\"text-align: start;\">Le Protectorat fran\u00e7ais fut \u00e9tabli sur la R\u00e9gence de Tunis, par le Trait\u00e9 du Bardo, le 12 mai 1881, et fut assorti de la Convention de la Marsa le 8 juin 1883. Il prit fin avec l\u2019ind\u00e9pendance de la Tunisie, le 20 mars 1956. La R\u00e9publique tunisienne fut proclam\u00e9e le 25 juillet 1957.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<div dir=\"auto\" style=\"text-align: start;\">De 1857 \u00e0 1957, la communaut\u00e9 juive a pr\u00e9sent\u00e9 un fort enracinement en terre d\u2019Islam, et a v\u00e9cu ensuite dans le contexte colonial. Comment, cette communaut\u00e9, li\u00e9e \u00e0 une culture s\u00e9culaire, a-t-elle pu basculer d\u2019un univers arabophone, immerg\u00e9 dans l\u2019orientalit\u00e9, vers une nouvelle culture tourn\u00e9e vers l\u2019occident, en un si\u00e8cle, de 1857 \u00e0 1957 ?<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<div dir=\"auto\" style=\"text-align: start;\">L\u2019\u00e9tude de la communaut\u00e9 juive de Sousse de 1857 \u00e0 1957 montrera le passage de la tradition orientale \u00e0 l\u2019acculturation et \u00e0 l\u2019occidentalisation, \u00e0 travers trois divisions majeures :<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<div dir=\"auto\" style=\"text-align: start;\">La premi\u00e8re partie (1857-1881) pr\u00e9sente un portrait de la communaut\u00e9 juive de Sousse, compos\u00e9e de Juifs autochtones, les Sw\u00e2s\u00e4et de Juifs ib\u00e9ro-italiens les Gr\u00e2n\u00e4, de son orientalit\u00e9 ainsi que de son d\u00e9but d\u2019ouverture face aux incitations venues d\u2019Europe, depuis le Pacte fondamental de 1857, jusqu\u2019\u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9tablissement du Protectorat fran\u00e7ais (1881).<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<div dir=\"auto\" style=\"text-align: start;\">La deuxi\u00e8me partie (1881-1939) est consacr\u00e9e \u00e0 l\u2019analyse des vecteurs sociaux, \u00e9conomiques, culturels et politiques, qui ont entra\u00een\u00e9 des mutations structurelles, poussant les Juifs de Sousse \u00e0 d\u00e9laisser une identit\u00e9 orientale encore tr\u00e8s pr\u00e9sente, pour une marche vers l\u2019occidentalisation, au cours de la p\u00e9riode 1881-1939, li\u00e9e aux \u00e9v\u00e8nements internationaux, qui accentuent les clivages entre tradition orientale et modernit\u00e9. Dans le m\u00eame temps, le sionisme, nationalisme juif la\u00efc d\u2019Europe centrale, r\u00e9clamait avec Th\u00e9odore Herzl, (1860-1904), le retour du peuple juif en Palestine. Ce courant eut une influence constante sur les Juifs de Sousse.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<div dir=\"auto\" style=\"text-align: start;\">La troisi\u00e8me partie (1939-1957) pr\u00e9cise le poids des mesures inflig\u00e9es \u00e0 la communaut\u00e9 juive, pendant la Seconde Guerre mondiale, en raison de l\u2019instauration du Statut des Juifs en Tunisie, de l\u2019occupation de Sousse par les troupes italo-allemandes, et des cons\u00e9quences de la politique raciale nazie appliqu\u00e9e en Tunisie de novembre 1942 \u00e0 avril 1943.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<div dir=\"auto\" style=\"text-align: start;\">Apr\u00e8s la Seconde Guerre mondiale, l\u2019\u00e9branlement des valeurs traditionnelles en Europe et dans le monde secoue la population de Sousse. Le mouvement d\u2019occidentalisation continue cependant dans la communaut\u00e9 juive de Sousse qui se compose, en 1953, de 4415 personnes. Les Juifs du Sahel forment un groupe de 6000 personnes. Les d\u00e9parts pour Isra\u00ebl entra\u00eenent une premi\u00e8re rupture de cette communaut\u00e9. L\u2019autonomie interne en 1954, l\u2019ind\u00e9pendance en 1956 et la proclamation de la R\u00e9publique tunisienne en 1957 transforment la situation des Juifs de Sousse et \u00e9veillent des inqui\u00e9tudes, provoquant une fragilisation identitaire.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<div dir=\"auto\" style=\"text-align: start;\">Projet\u00e9s dans l\u2019histoire de la d\u00e9colonisation, et dans le conflit isra\u00e9lo-palestinien en 1956, les Juifs de Sousse devront, comme l\u2019ensemble des juifs de Tunisie, faire face \u00e0 trois options en 1957 : Isra\u00ebl, la France, ou la nouvelle R\u00e9publique tunisienne dirig\u00e9e par Habib Bourguiba.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<div dir=\"auto\" style=\"text-align: start;\">&nbsp;<\/div>\n<div dir=\"auto\" style=\"text-align: start;\"><strong>L\u2019Auteur<\/strong><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<div dir=\"auto\" style=\"text-align: start;\">Claire Rubinstein-Cohen dresse, dans sa th\u00e8se de Doctorat, une monographie de la Communaut\u00e9 Juive de Sousse (Tunisie), son pays d\u2019origine, \u00e0 travers un si\u00e8cle d\u2019histoire. Multipliant les activit\u00e9s professionnelles \u00e0 Vienne et \u00e0 Paris en tant qu\u2019enseignante, Claire Rubinstein-Cohen poursuit ses recherches historiques au sein de la Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 d\u2019Histoire des Juifs de Tunisie, dont elle est Vice-pr\u00e9sidente depuis 2002.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>LA COMMUNAUT\u00c9 JUIVE DE SOUSSE PAR CLAIRE RUBINSTEIN-COHEN &nbsp; &nbsp; PRESIDENTE de la SHJT. (Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 d\u2019histoire des juifs de Tunisie). &nbsp; La communaut\u00e9 juive de Sousse constitu\u00e9e de 1500 personnes en 1857 \u00e9tait soumise au statut de la Dhimma, tol\u00e9rance accord\u00e9e par les Musulmans aux Gens du Livre, (Ahl el kittab), Juifs et Chr\u00e9tiens. Le&hellip;&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":64181,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"neve_meta_sidebar":"","neve_meta_container":"","neve_meta_enable_content_width":"","neve_meta_content_width":0,"neve_meta_title_alignment":"","neve_meta_author_avatar":"","neve_post_elements_order":"","neve_meta_disable_header":"","neve_meta_disable_footer":"","neve_meta_disable_title":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-64180","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.6 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>LA COMMUNAUT\u00c9 JUIVE DE SOUSSE PAR CLAIRE RUBINSTEIN-COHEN | HARISSA.COM<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"LA COMMUNAUT\u00c9 JUIVE DE SOUSSE PAR CLAIRE RUBINSTEIN-COHEN &nbsp; &nbsp; PRESIDENTE de la SHJT. 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