{"id":6437,"date":"2016-04-27T01:57:17","date_gmt":"2016-04-27T01:57:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/harissa.com\/news-wp\/?p=6437"},"modified":"2016-04-26T23:07:24","modified_gmt":"2016-04-26T23:07:24","slug":"le-pessah-des-derniers-juifs-de-tunisie","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/harissa.com\/news-wp\/le-pessah-des-derniers-juifs-de-tunisie\/","title":{"rendered":"LE PESSAH DES DERNIERS JUIFS DE TUNISIE"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\n\t&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\n\t&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\n\t&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\n\t&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><header> <\/header>\n<\/p>\n<p>\n\t&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\n\t&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\n\t&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\n\t&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\n\tLE PESSAH DES DERNIERS JUIFS DE TUNISIE<\/p>\n<p>\n\t&nbsp;<\/p>\n<div id=\"post-body-9108555895928294737\" itemprop=\"articleBody\">\n<div>\n<p>\n\t\t\t&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\n\t\t\tPar Jacques BENILLOUCHE<\/p>\n<p>\n\t\t\tcopyright &copy; Temps et Contretemps<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<p>\n\t\t&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\n\t\t&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\n\t\t&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\n\t\tDeux juifs am&eacute;ricains, Paul Rosenfeld et Noah Rayman sont partis &agrave; la recherche des juifs de Tunisie &agrave; l&rsquo;occasion des f&ecirc;tes de Pessah et ils ont rapport&eacute; un t&eacute;moignage &eacute;mouvant, surtout pour ceux qui ont connu l&rsquo;&acirc;ge d&rsquo;or de ce pays. Ils ont c&ocirc;toy&eacute; les derniers juifs qui s&rsquo;accrochent encore &agrave; leurs racines, face &agrave; l&rsquo;exode irr&eacute;m&eacute;diable d&rsquo;une communaut&eacute; qui n&rsquo;a plus d&rsquo;avenir.<\/p>\n<p>\n\t\t&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\n\t\t&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\n\t\t<strong>Pessah triste<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\n\t\t&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\n\t\tIls ont rencontr&eacute; le rabbin Daniel Cohen qui, avec sa femme et ses dix enfants, a migr&eacute; pour la f&ecirc;te de Pessah, de leur appartement de Tunis vers leur maison situ&eacute;e en bord de mer &agrave; la Goulette, &agrave; une dizaine de kilom&egrave;tres de la capitale. Daniel est l&rsquo;homme &agrave; tout faire pour les affaires religieuses de la communaut&eacute; qui ne compte plus que 300 &agrave; 400 &acirc;mes &agrave; Tunis. D&rsquo;ordinaire il enseigne en semaine &agrave; 27 &eacute;l&egrave;ves de la seule &eacute;cole juive existante et il passe tous les week-ends &agrave; officier dans l&rsquo;unique synagogue de la Goulette, ville qui comptait, &agrave; l&rsquo;&acirc;ge d&rsquo;or, plus de 13 lieux de culte. Le Deauville de Tunis &eacute;tait longtemps rest&eacute;&nbsp;le lieu de vill&eacute;giature du week-end et des vacances lorsque la population prosp&egrave;re de Tunisie s&rsquo;y installait dans ses villas.&nbsp;<\/p>\n<table cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"http:\/\/2.bp.blogspot.com\/-QU1D6sIwbRg\/UVKq0DbxK2I\/AAAAAAAAaew\/nNzMP91epeU\/s1600\/tunis-synagogue+bet+mordechai+%C3%A0+la+goulette.jpg\" imageanchor=\"1\"><img decoding=\"async\" border=\"0\" src=\"http:\/\/2.bp.blogspot.com\/-QU1D6sIwbRg\/UVKq0DbxK2I\/AAAAAAAAaew\/nNzMP91epeU\/s400\/tunis-synagogue+bet+mordechai+%C3%A0+la+goulette.jpg\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\tSynagogue Beith Mordechai &agrave; la Goulette avec le fils Cohen<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\n\t\t&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\n\t\t&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\n\t\tDaniel a pass&eacute; la semaine &agrave; superviser la production de produits alimentaires cachers, souvent import&eacute;s, avant de rejoindre son hypoth&eacute;tique&nbsp;&laquo;miniane&raquo;,&nbsp;le nombre minimum de dix juifs pour participer &agrave; l&rsquo;office du Shabbat. Le Talmud de J&eacute;rusalem fait le lien entre le nombre de 10 personnes exig&eacute;es pour le miniane et les 10 fr&egrave;res de Joseph lorsqu&#39;ils descendent en &Eacute;gypte lors de la famine dans le pays de Canaan. C&#39;est pourquoi l&#39;on prie en groupe, non seulement pour soi, mais pour le groupe avec la volont&eacute; de changer les choses.<\/p>\n<p>\n\t\t&nbsp;<\/p>\n<div>\n<p>\n\t\t\tIl est loin le temps o&ugrave; Daniel se d&eacute;pla&ccedil;ait en kippa orn&eacute;e d&rsquo;un lis&eacute;r&eacute; en or, alors qu&#39;&agrave; pr&eacute;sent il la cache sous sa casquette de base-ball Nike. &nbsp;Il ne craint pas pour sa vie mais il estime qu&rsquo;il est inutile de faire de la provocation en ces temps islamistes. Il sait qu&rsquo;il ne fait pas illusion. Il est vrai qu&#39;il reste reconnaissable parmi la population arabe mais il avoue que&nbsp;&laquo;les tunisiens ne font plus de diff&eacute;rence aujourd&rsquo;hui entre les juifs et Isra&euml;l&raquo;.&nbsp;<\/p>\n<table cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"http:\/\/2.bp.blogspot.com\/-plkMEqm36sM\/UVKrbmU_SZI\/AAAAAAAAae4\/0TRR6BFBmxA\/s1600\/yunis-cimeti%C3%A8res+profann%C3%A9s.jpg\" imageanchor=\"1\"><img decoding=\"async\" border=\"0\" src=\"http:\/\/2.bp.blogspot.com\/-plkMEqm36sM\/UVKrbmU_SZI\/AAAAAAAAae4\/0TRR6BFBmxA\/s400\/yunis-cimeti%C3%A8res+profann%C3%A9s.jpg\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tCimeti&egrave;re profan&eacute; au Kef<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\n\t\t\t&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<br \/>\n\t\t\tIl reste cependant mitig&eacute; sur le nouveau r&eacute;gime bien qu&rsquo;il affirme que, depuis la r&eacute;volution de 2011, le gouvernement islamiste tunisien s&rsquo;est engag&eacute; &agrave; prot&eacute;ger la communaut&eacute; juive qui a compt&eacute; jusqu&rsquo;&agrave; 110.000 juifs exil&eacute;s en France et en Isra&euml;l en trois vagues, l&rsquo;ind&eacute;pendance de la Tunisie en 1956, la crise de Bizerte en 1961 et la Guerre de Six-Jours en 1967. Il estime&nbsp;qu&rsquo;il ne voit aucun avenir dans cette communaut&eacute; qui vient de subir encore la profanation de plusieurs cimeti&egrave;res juifs, suffisamment pour susciter l&rsquo;inqui&eacute;tude de ses derniers r&eacute;sidents irr&eacute;ductibles. En effet, le 4 f&eacute;vrier dans le cimeti&egrave;re du Kef, plusieurs tombes juives ont &eacute;t&eacute; profan&eacute;es avec des sigles nazis.<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<p>\n\t\t&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\n\t\t&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\n\t\t<strong>Vestiges de la tradition juive<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\n\t\t&nbsp;<\/p>\n<div>\n<p>\n\t\t\tPlus d&rsquo;un millier de juifs s&rsquo;accrochent encore &agrave; leur terre natale, en majorit&eacute; dans l&rsquo;ile de Djerba. &Agrave; Tunis la gestion de la communaut&eacute; s&rsquo;effectue dans une ancienne &eacute;cole juive qui pour l&rsquo;occasion permet aux juifs pratiquants de trouver les principaux produits cachers comme le vin, les &eacute;pices et les matsot.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n<table cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"http:\/\/2.bp.blogspot.com\/-aP1vkZVg1T8\/UVKrwIkqubI\/AAAAAAAAafA\/57TGI7M6TCM\/s1600\/tunis-vente+produits+cacher.jpg\" imageanchor=\"1\"><img decoding=\"async\" border=\"0\" src=\"http:\/\/2.bp.blogspot.com\/-aP1vkZVg1T8\/UVKrwIkqubI\/AAAAAAAAafA\/57TGI7M6TCM\/s400\/tunis-vente+produits+cacher.jpg\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tBrigitte Hayoun (Photo Paul Rosenfeld)<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\n\t\t\t<br \/>\n\t\t\tBrigitte Hayoun, install&eacute;e dans l&rsquo;auditorium de l&rsquo;ancienne &eacute;cole, &nbsp;pr&eacute;sente les quelques produits indispensables &agrave; la confection des mets cachers de Pessah&nbsp;:&nbsp;&laquo;c&rsquo;est peu de choses mais il y a le minimum. A Paris on consid&egrave;rerait cela comme n&eacute;gligeable&raquo;. Son fils vient d&rsquo;arriver de Paris pour les vacances&nbsp;et elle veut jouir de cet instant &eacute;ph&eacute;m&egrave;re de bonheur :&nbsp;&laquo;Pour l&#39;instant, nous sommes ici. Demain, nous ne savons pas.&raquo;<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<p>\n\t\t&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\n\t\tDes centaines de boucheries cach&egrave;res, &eacute;piceries et restaurant de l&rsquo;&eacute;poque, il ne reste plus que deux vestiges qui vivotent difficilement. L&rsquo;usine de matsot de la rue Arago n&rsquo;existe plus. Le rabbin Daniel a d&ucirc; se d&eacute;mener pour obtenir la supervision d&rsquo;une fabrication sp&eacute;ciale de vin car les caves juives Bokobsa ont d&eacute;finitivement ferm&eacute; en Tunisie.&nbsp;<br \/>\n\t\tLa communaut&eacute; juive s&rsquo;&eacute;tiole et avec elle la jeunesse. Mosh&eacute; Uzan, un jeune de 24 ans, explique qu&rsquo;il est le seul de ses camarades de classe primaire &agrave; &ecirc;tre rest&eacute;,&nbsp;&laquo;les autres sont partis en France ou &agrave; l&rsquo;&eacute;tranger&raquo;&nbsp;; pour lui l&rsquo;&eacute;tranger est un euph&eacute;misme car il se refuse &agrave; prononcer Isra&euml;l dans cette terre d&rsquo;islam. Il est un cas sp&eacute;cial car il a pass&eacute; ses dix derni&egrave;res ann&eacute;es &agrave; &eacute;tudier &agrave; Paris, en Isra&euml;l et &agrave; New-York pour d&eacute;cider malgr&eacute; tout de retourner &agrave; Tunis. Il vient d&rsquo;y ouvrir une soci&eacute;t&eacute; immobili&egrave;re charg&eacute;e des biens des expatri&eacute;s&nbsp;:&nbsp;&laquo;J&rsquo;ai un contrat moral avec mes parents. Je peux aller &agrave; l&rsquo;&eacute;tranger mais je dois revenir pour les vacances et les f&ecirc;tes. Je n&rsquo;ai jamais rat&eacute; Pessah&nbsp;&raquo;.<\/p>\n<p>\n\t\t&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\n\t\t&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\n\t\t<strong>Pas de politique<\/strong><\/p>\n<div>\n<p>\n\t\t\t&nbsp;<\/p>\n<table cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"http:\/\/1.bp.blogspot.com\/-gqEvghfB9mg\/UVKslVJaHvI\/AAAAAAAAafI\/S0paXd1uh30\/s1600\/tunisie-ennahdha-bismuth.jpg\" imageanchor=\"1\"><img decoding=\"async\" border=\"0\" src=\"http:\/\/1.bp.blogspot.com\/-gqEvghfB9mg\/UVKslVJaHvI\/AAAAAAAAafI\/S0paXd1uh30\/s400\/tunisie-ennahdha-bismuth.jpg\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tRoger Bismuth et les dirigeants d&#39;Ennahda<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table><\/div>\n<p>\n\t\t&nbsp;<\/p>\n<div>\n<p>\n\t\t\tRoger Bismuth, pr&eacute;sident de la communaut&eacute; juive de Tunisie refuse de s&rsquo;adresser aux m&eacute;dias &eacute;trangers sur les probl&egrave;mes des juifs tunisiens&nbsp;:&nbsp;&laquo;Je ne suis pas une minorit&eacute; dans mon pays. Je suis un tunisien. Je suis le pr&eacute;sident de la communaut&eacute; juive, mais je refuse de parler des juifs et des juifs face aux probl&egrave;mes du pays.&raquo;.<\/p>\n<table cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"http:\/\/1.bp.blogspot.com\/-ybwBjqFv-bg\/UVKtSQU_FII\/AAAAAAAAafQ\/JYWqODYE0z4\/s1600\/bittan-marzouki.jpg\" imageanchor=\"1\"><img decoding=\"async\" border=\"0\" src=\"http:\/\/1.bp.blogspot.com\/-ybwBjqFv-bg\/UVKtSQU_FII\/AAAAAAAAafQ\/JYWqODYE0z4\/s400\/bittan-marzouki.jpg\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tLe grand rabbin Bittan avec le pr&eacute;sident Marzouki<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table><\/div>\n<p>\n\t\t&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\n\t\tHa&iuml;m Bittan, Grand Rabbin de Tunisie pr&eacute;f&egrave;re lui aussi qu&rsquo;on ne parle pas trop de sa communaut&eacute;. La mise &agrave; la lumi&egrave;re de ses ouailles peut leur causer du tort &agrave; l&rsquo;heure o&ugrave; les islamistes r&eacute;gentent tout. Il a d&rsquo;ailleurs refus&eacute; le projet de loi qui devait accorder des si&egrave;ges au Parlement, r&eacute;serv&eacute;s &agrave; des repr&eacute;sentants de la communaut&eacute; juive en Tunisie&nbsp;:&nbsp;&laquo;la communaut&eacute; juive en Tunisie compte 1.700 membres sur une population globale de 11 millions, un chiffre qui ne permet pas logiquement de postuler &agrave; un si&egrave;ge au Parlement&raquo;.<\/p>\n<p>\n\t\t&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\n\t\tLes juifs de Tunisie sont comme toutes les minorit&eacute;s infimes dans les pays arabes. Ils s&rsquo;accrochent d&eacute;sesp&eacute;r&eacute;ment &agrave; leur terre natale malgr&eacute;&nbsp;une vie domin&eacute;e par les islamistes, soit pour des raisons bassement mat&eacute;rielles, soit par conviction. Ils attendent sereinement le jour o&ugrave; ils seront contraints de la quitter sous la pression politique ou sous la pression des antis&eacute;mites qui voient dans tout juif un isra&eacute;lien d&eacute;guis&eacute;.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<hr \/>\n<p>\n\t&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\n\t&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\n\t&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\n\t&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><header> <\/header>\n<\/p>\n<p>\n\t&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\n\t&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\n\t&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\n\t&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\n\t&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\n\t<strong>The Last Jews of Tunisia<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\n\tby&nbsp;<a href=\"http:\/\/www.thedailybeast.com\/contributors\/paul-rosenfeld.html\" property=\"foaf:publications\" rel=\"author\">Paul Rosenfeld<\/a>,&nbsp;<a href=\"http:\/\/www.thedailybeast.com\/contributors\/noah-rayman.html\" property=\"foaf:publications\" rel=\"author\">Noah Rayman<\/a><\/p>\n<div>\n<p>\n\t\t&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\n\t\tOn the eve of Passover, a small community reflects on a modern exodus.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>\n\t&nbsp;<\/p>\n<div>\n<div>\n<p>\n\t\t\tDaniel Cohen packs the taxi trunk with a jug of canola oil, a week&rsquo;s worth of clothes, and a pair of dress shoes. His wife and 10 kids have already made the 30-minute trip from their apartment in Tunis to their 3-bedroom home in the waterfront suburb of La Goulette, where Cohen and his family will spend the Passover holiday that starts on Monday.<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<p>\n\t\t<a name=\"body_inlineimage\" style=\"cursor: pointer; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); visibility: hidden;\"><\/a><\/p>\n<figure>\n<p>\n\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"130324-Vanishing-Jews-Tunisia-tease\" src=\"http:\/\/cdn.thedailybeast.com\/content\/dailybeast\/articles\/2013\/03\/25\/the-last-jews-of-tunisia\/_jcr_content\/body\/inlineimage.img.503.jpg\/1364212256048.cached.jpg\" title=\"130324-Vanishing-Jews-Tunisia-tease\" \/><\/p><figcaption>\n<p>\n\t\tA butcher takes a break from work to smoke &ldquo;shisha,&rdquo; the Tunisian word for &ldquo;water pipe,&rdquo; outside one of the two remaining kosher meat sellers in Tunis. The word &ldquo;kosher&rdquo; is written on the shop in both Hebrew and Arabic. (Paul Rosenfeld)<\/p>\n<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>\n\t\t<a name=\"body_text1\" style=\"cursor: pointer; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); visibility: hidden;\"><\/a><\/p>\n<div>\n<p>\n\t\t\tCohen is something of an all-purpose religious leader in the dwindling community of 300 Jews here in Tunisia&rsquo;s capital. During the week, he&rsquo;s a teacher at the region&rsquo;s only Jewish school (enrollment: 27) in downtown Tunis, and on the weekend he&rsquo;s the unofficial rabbi at the only synagogue in La Goulette, a town once known for its thriving Jewish population that filled 13 synagogues.<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<p>\n\t\t<a name=\"body_text2\" style=\"cursor: pointer; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); visibility: hidden;\"><\/a><\/p>\n<div>\n<p>\n\t\t\tHaving spent the week overseeing production of the Tunis&rsquo;s kosher-for-Passover food, Cohen is returning Friday afternoon to lead his congregation, all 10 who show up, in Sabbath services.<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<p>\n\t\t<a name=\"body_text3\" style=\"cursor: pointer; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); visibility: hidden;\"><\/a><\/p>\n<div>\n<p>\n\t\t\tHe strikes up conversation with the cab driver, the gold trim of his yarmulke, the Jewish head covering, slightly exposed from under the back of his Nike baseball cap.<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<p>\n\t\t<a name=\"body_text4\" style=\"cursor: pointer; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); visibility: hidden;\"><\/a><\/p>\n<div>\n<p>\n\t\t\tLater, in French, he explains that he prefers to keep his yarmulke hidden.<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<p>\n\t\t<a name=\"body_text5\" style=\"cursor: pointer; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); visibility: hidden;\"><\/a><\/p>\n<div>\n<p>\n\t\t\t&ldquo;Tunisians don&rsquo;t understand Jews,&rdquo; he says. &ldquo;All they know is Israel.&rdquo;<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<p>\n\t\t<a name=\"body_brightcove\" style=\"cursor: pointer; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); visibility: hidden;\"><\/a><\/p>\n<div>\n<p>\n\t\t\t<object data=\"http:\/\/c.brightcove.com\/services\/viewer\/federated_f9?&amp;width=472&amp;height=310&amp;flashID=2251584117001&amp;bgcolor=%23FFFFFF&amp;playerID=889778564001&amp;playerKey=AQ~~%2CAAAAAAEDRq0~%2CqRcfDOX2mNu3MBQVberx3rCXi0MGsF8M&amp;isVid=true&amp;isUI=true&amp;dynamicStreaming=true&amp;autoStart=false&amp;mute=false&amp;%40videoPlayer=2251584117001&amp;wmode=opaque&amp;includeAPI=true&amp;templateLoadHandler=dailybeast.video.onPlayerLoaded&amp;debuggerID=&amp;startTime=1364336689848\" id=\"2251584117001\" seamlesstabbing=\"undefined\" type=\"application\/x-shockwave-flash\"><\/object><\/p>\n<p>\n\t\t\tRabbi Daniel Cohen speaks about Passover in Tunisia.<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<p>\n\t\t<a name=\"body_text6\" style=\"cursor: pointer; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); visibility: hidden;\"><\/a><\/p>\n<div>\n<p>\n\t\t\tFollowing the 2011&nbsp;<a href=\"http:\/\/www.thedailybeast.com\/newsweek\/2013\/01\/28\/the-cost-of-the-uprisings-in-the-middle-east.html\">revolution<\/a>, the moderate Islamist-led Tunisian government pledged to protect its dwindling Jewish community, which once numbered more than 100,000. But the recent desecration of several&nbsp;<a href=\"http:\/\/www.al-monitor.com\/pulse\/originals\/2013\/02\/tunisian-turmoil-threatens-the-local-jewish-community.html\" target=\"_blank\">Jewish cemeteries<\/a>&nbsp;is only the latest incident to spark concern over the long-term viability of this storied Jewish community.<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<p>\n\t\t<a name=\"body_text7\" style=\"cursor: pointer; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); visibility: hidden;\"><\/a><\/p>\n<div>\n<p>\n\t\t\tThe first mass exodus began in 1956, with Tunisia&rsquo;s&nbsp;<a href=\"http:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/news\/world-africa-14107720\" target=\"_blank\">independence<\/a>&nbsp;from France coinciding with a surge in Arab nationalism. Over the next 10 years, following the Bizerte crisis (1961) with France and the Six-Day War (1967), tens of thousands fled the country amid anti-Jewish riots.<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<p>\n\t\t<a name=\"body_text8\" style=\"cursor: pointer; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); visibility: hidden;\"><\/a><\/p>\n<div>\n<p>\n\t\t\tToday&nbsp;<a href=\"http:\/\/www.thedailybeast.com\/articles\/2013\/03\/17\/tunisia-s-dark-turn.html\">Tunisia<\/a>&nbsp;is home to about 1,000 Jews, most of whom reside in the isolated community on the southern coastal island of Djerba.<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<p>\n\t\t<a name=\"body_text9\" style=\"cursor: pointer; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); visibility: hidden;\"><\/a><\/p>\n<div>\n<p>\n\t\t\tIn Tunis, the privately run Jewish Community in Tunisia, housed in a former Jewish school downtown, has become the lifeline for observant Jews preparing for the Passover holiday, selling kosher-for-Passover Tunisian wine, spices, and baked goods (with an almond or potato base), as well as imported matzo.<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<p>\n\t\t<a name=\"body_text10\" style=\"cursor: pointer; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); visibility: hidden;\"><\/a><\/p>\n<div>\n<p>\n\t\t\t&ldquo;Look, we don&rsquo;t have much,&rdquo; says Brigitte Hayoun, who staffs a table in the former school&rsquo;s auditorium strewn with eight types of Tunisian-grown spices specially ground according to Passover requirements. &ldquo;There&rsquo;s just the minimum. If we were in Paris, there would be the little things.&rdquo;<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<p>\n\t\t<a name=\"body_inlineimage_0\" style=\"cursor: pointer; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); visibility: hidden;\"><\/a><\/p>\n<figure>\n<p>\n\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"130324-Vanishing-Jews-Tunisia-embed\" src=\"http:\/\/cdn.thedailybeast.com\/content\/dailybeast\/articles\/2013\/03\/25\/the-last-jews-of-tunisia\/_jcr_content\/body\/inlineimage_0.img.503.jpg\/1364212926360.cached.jpg\" title=\"130324-Vanishing-Jews-Tunisia-embed\" \/><\/p><figcaption>\n<p>\n\t\tRabbi Daniel Cohen&rsquo;s son Carmiel stands outside the Beit Mordechai Synagogue in La Goulette before Friday-night services. Rabbi Cohen serves as a schoolteacher and rabbi for the remaining 300 Jews in Tunisia&rsquo;s capital city and its suburbs. (Paul Rosenfeld)<\/p>\n<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>\n\t\t<a name=\"body_pullquote\" style=\"cursor: pointer; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); visibility: hidden;\"><\/a><\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p>\n\t\t\t&ldquo;Tunisians don&rsquo;t understand Jews,&rdquo; he says. &ldquo;All they know is Israel.&rdquo;<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p>\n\t\t<a name=\"body_text11\" style=\"cursor: pointer; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); visibility: hidden;\"><\/a><\/p>\n<div>\n<p>\n\t\t\tTwo kosher butcher shops are the only vestiges of the kosher markets, grocers, restaurants, and even a matzo factory that once served the community&rsquo;s dietary restrictions.<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<p>\n\t\t<a name=\"body_text12\" style=\"cursor: pointer; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); visibility: hidden;\"><\/a><\/p>\n<div>\n<p>\n\t\t\tLast year the city&rsquo;s only remaining kosher winery closed up shop as its owner went into retirement. Scrambling to find a replacement in time to put in an order for the coming holiday, Cohen found a producer who agreed to allow him to oversee production of a kosher batch for Passover.<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<p>\n\t\t<a name=\"body_text13\" style=\"cursor: pointer; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); visibility: hidden;\"><\/a><\/p>\n<div>\n<p>\n\t\t\tBut the challenges facing the future of a Tunisian Jewish community are most apparent among the younger generation&mdash;or lack thereof. Among his eight primary school classmates, 24-year-old Moshe Uzan says that only one other remains in Tunisia. The rest left for France or &ldquo;abroad,&rdquo; he says, a Tunisian Jewry code word to avoid association with Israel.<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<p>\n\t\t<a name=\"body_text14\" style=\"cursor: pointer; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); visibility: hidden;\"><\/a><\/p>\n<div>\n<p>\n\t\t\tUzan spent the previous 10 years studying in Paris, Israel, and New York City, returning to Tunis this winter to start a real estate business focused on managing expat Tunisians&rsquo; property.<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<p>\n\t\t<a name=\"body_text15\" style=\"cursor: pointer; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); visibility: hidden;\"><\/a><\/p>\n<div>\n<p>\n\t\t\t&ldquo;The contract with my parents is like this: I can go abroad, but I have to come back for holidays,&rdquo; he says. &ldquo;Sukkoth, I missed it twice. Passover, I never missed it.&rdquo;<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<p>\n\t\t<a name=\"body_text16\" style=\"cursor: pointer; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); visibility: hidden;\"><\/a><\/p>\n<div>\n<p>\n\t\t\tFor the older generation, the community here is inextricably linked to Tunisian society and its postrevolution ailments, including an unemployment rate above 16 percent.<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<p>\n\t\t<a name=\"body_inlineimage_1\" style=\"cursor: pointer; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); visibility: hidden;\"><\/a><\/p>\n<figure>\n<p>\n\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"130324-Vanishing-Jews-Tunisia-embed-02\" src=\"http:\/\/cdn.thedailybeast.com\/content\/dailybeast\/articles\/2013\/03\/25\/the-last-jews-of-tunisia\/_jcr_content\/body\/inlineimage_1.img.503.jpg\/1364213173154.cached.jpg\" title=\"130324-Vanishing-Jews-Tunisia-embed-02\" \/><\/p><figcaption>\n<p>\n\t\tBrigitte Hayoun sells kosher-for-Passover Tunisian spices and wine from the auditorium of one of the former Jewish day schools, which now serves as the office for the Jewish Community in Tunisia. (Paul Rosenfeld)<\/p>\n<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>\n\t\t<a name=\"body_text17\" style=\"cursor: pointer; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); visibility: hidden;\"><\/a><\/p>\n<div>\n<p>\n\t\t\tRoger Bismuth, the president of the Jewish Community of Tunisia, has a self-imposed rule against talking to foreign journalists about Tunisian Jews.<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<p>\n\t\t<a name=\"body_text18\" style=\"cursor: pointer; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); visibility: hidden;\"><\/a><\/p>\n<div>\n<p>\n\t\t\t&ldquo;I am not a minority in my country. I am a Tunisian,&rdquo; Bismuth says. &ldquo;I am president of the Jewish community, but I refuse to talk about the Jews. The Jews face the problems of the country.&rdquo;<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<p>\n\t\t<a name=\"body_text19\" style=\"cursor: pointer; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); visibility: hidden;\"><\/a><\/p>\n<div>\n<p>\n\t\t\tHayoun, selling kosher goods for Passover at the Jewish Community offices, says she has no plans to leave Tunisia.<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<p>\n\t\t<a name=\"body_text20\" style=\"cursor: pointer; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); visibility: hidden;\"><\/a><\/p>\n<div>\n<p>\n\t\t\t&ldquo;For now, we&rsquo;re here,&rdquo; says Hayoun, whose son returned from Paris for the holiday. &ldquo;Tomorrow, we don&rsquo;t know.&rdquo;<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; LE PESSAH DES DERNIERS JUIFS DE TUNISIE &nbsp; &nbsp; Par Jacques BENILLOUCHE copyright &copy; Temps et Contretemps &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; Deux juifs am&eacute;ricains, Paul Rosenfeld et Noah Rayman sont partis &agrave; la recherche des juifs de Tunisie &agrave; l&rsquo;occasion des f&ecirc;tes de Pessah et ils ont rapport&eacute;&hellip;&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":17900,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"neve_meta_sidebar":"","neve_meta_container":"","neve_meta_enable_content_width":"","neve_meta_content_width":0,"neve_meta_title_alignment":"","neve_meta_author_avatar":"","neve_post_elements_order":"","neve_meta_disable_header":"","neve_meta_disable_footer":"","neve_meta_disable_title":"","_themeisle_gutenberg_block_has_review":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[14,156,15,155,307,13,381,9,1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-6437","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-paris","category-person-career","category-religion","category-roger-bismuth","category-social-issues","category-tunis","category-tunisia","category-tunisie","category-uncategorized"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/harissa.com\/news-wp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6437","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/harissa.com\/news-wp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/harissa.com\/news-wp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/harissa.com\/news-wp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/harissa.com\/news-wp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=6437"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/harissa.com\/news-wp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6437\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/harissa.com\/news-wp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/17900"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/harissa.com\/news-wp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=6437"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/harissa.com\/news-wp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=6437"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/harissa.com\/news-wp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=6437"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}