{"id":64804,"date":"2021-02-21T00:45:00","date_gmt":"2021-02-21T00:45:00","guid":{"rendered":""},"modified":"2021-02-21T00:45:00","modified_gmt":"2021-02-21T00:45:00","slug":"la-tunisie-menacee-par-lavancee-du-desert","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/harissa.com\/news-wp\/la-tunisie-menacee-par-lavancee-du-desert\/","title":{"rendered":"La Tunisie menac\u00e9e par l\u2019avanc\u00e9e du d\u00e9sert"},"content":{"rendered":"

La Tunisie menac\u00e9e par l\u2019avanc\u00e9e du d\u00e9sert<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Tunis a annonc\u00e9 le 27 mars un plan national pour lutter contre la rar\u00e9faction de ses ressources en eau, probl\u00e8me accentu\u00e9 par l’avanc\u00e9e du d\u00e9sert. Aux dires m\u00eames des autorit\u00e9s tunisiennes, 75% des terres cultivables du pays sont menac\u00e9es par le processus de d\u00e9sertification. Un ph\u00e9nom\u00e8ne ancien li\u00e9 notamment \u00e0 la d\u00e9forestation. Et \u00e0 l\u2019agriculture industrielle.<\/p>\n

De mani\u00e8re chronique, la Tunisie est confront\u00e9e \u00e0 la s\u00e9cheresse. Malgr\u00e9 la hausse de la pluviom\u00e9trie au cours de l’hiver. A l’occasion de la Journ\u00e9e mondiale de l’eau, les pouvoirs publics ont annonc\u00e9 le 27 mars 2017 un plan national d’\u00e9conomie de cette ressource, qui s’\u00e9talera sur quatre ans. <\/p>\n

Le probl\u00e8me est aggrav\u00e9 par le prcessus de d\u00e9sertification qui toucherait 75% des terres cultivables, aux dires m\u00eames des autorit\u00e9s tunisiennes.<\/p>\n

S\u2019il touche le centre et des r\u00e9gions situ\u00e9es au nord de la Tunisie, le ph\u00e9nom\u00e8ne est particuli\u00e8rement pr\u00e9occupant dans le sud. \u00abDes villages disparaissent progressivement sous les dunes\u00bb, constate ainsi un (excellent) article du site motherboard.vice.com. L\u2019\u00e9l\u00e9vation progressive des dunes de sables \u00e9tant \u00absans doute le signe le plus impressionnant de l\u2019impact\u00bb de l\u2019avanc\u00e9e du d\u00e9sert.<\/p>\n

Pour autant, le ph\u00e9nom\u00e8ne n\u2019est pas nouveau. A l\u2019\u00e9poque n\u00e9olithique, le Sahara \u00e9tait un espace de vie o\u00f9, avec l\u2019homme, \u00e9voluaient \u00e9l\u00e9phants, girafes, vaches et chevaux, comme le prouvent les peintures rupestres du Tassili en Alg\u00e9rie. Mais le d\u00e9sert a progressivement gagn\u00e9 sur cet espace, en Tunisie et ailleurs. Notamment aux \u00e9poques ph\u00e9nicienne et romaine, en raison notamment de l\u2019\u00e9rosion, li\u00e9e \u00e0 la surexploitation du milieu.<\/p>\n

La d\u00e9sertification s\u2019est acc\u00e9l\u00e9r\u00e9e \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9poque moderne. Et aujourd\u2019hui, selon les Nations Unies, \u00abla perte des terres arables serait de 30 \u00e0 35 fois plus rapide que le rythme historique\u00bb! Dans ce contexte, \u00abla Tunisie n\u2019est plus la Tunisie verte, comme on l\u2019appelait dans le pass\u00e9\u00bb, se lamente le site kapitalis.com.<\/p>\n

\nL’avanc\u00e9e du d\u00e9sert a de multiples causes. Elle est ainsi provoqu\u00e9e par l\u2019abattage des arbres et l\u2019arrachage des v\u00e9g\u00e9taux, le pacage des animaux et, \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9poque moderne, la culture et l\u2019\u00e9levage intensifs. \u00abLes vents constituent un agent d\u2019\u00e9rosion et de d\u00e9sertification parfois plus spectaculaire que <\/em>(le ruissellement des) eaux courantes<\/em>\u00bb<\/em>, constate kapitalis.com. L\u2019ensablement qu\u2019ils provoquent contribue \u00e0 la st\u00e9rilit\u00e9 des sols. Laquelle augmente la salinit\u00e9 de l\u2019eau, qui la rend impropre \u00e0 la consommation.<\/p>\n

\nDans le m\u00eame temps, l\u2019accroissement de la population a contribu\u00e9 \u00e0 l\u2019extension des terres cultiv\u00e9es. Laquelle s\u2019est faite aux d\u00e9pens des r\u00e9gions foresti\u00e8res, steppiques et de p\u00e2turages, \u00abdont la superficie s\u2019est r\u00e9duite de 32% en faveur de l\u2019agriculture\u00bb<\/em>, selon kapitalis.com.<\/p>\n

Planter des arbres avant toute chose<\/strong>
\nLes populations les plus touch\u00e9es sont souvent les plus pauvres. Des populations parfois oblig\u00e9es de quitter des maisons et des lieux de vie qu\u2019elles occupent depuis des g\u00e9n\u00e9rations.<\/p>\n

Ainsi, au Vieux Malhel, village du sud tunisien, sur 500 r\u00e9sidents, des agriculteurs en grande majorit\u00e9, il ne reste plus qu\u2019une famille et un couple de retrait\u00e9s fran\u00e7ais, raconte motherboard.vice.com. \u00abTout le village n\u2019est plus qu\u2019une immense vague de dunes de sable\u00bb<\/em>, alors que \u00abdes vestiges de maisons, \u00e9curies et cimeti\u00e8res pars\u00e8ment le paysage\u00bb<\/em>. Dans la r\u00e9gion, les habitants sont souvent d\u2019origine nomade et ont \u00e9t\u00e9 s\u00e9dentaris\u00e9s dans les ann\u00e9es 60 quand la loi a impos\u00e9 la scolarisation obligatoire. Aujourd\u2019hui, ils doivent souvent \u00eatre relog\u00e9s ailleurs. Au Vieux Malhel, un nouveau village a \u00e9t\u00e9 construit \u00e0 1 km de l\u2019ancien.<\/p>\n

De leur c\u00f4t\u00e9, les pouvoirs publics tunisiens n\u2019ont pas attendu pour lutter contre la d\u00e9sertification. Le pays est membre de l\u2019<\/a>Observatoire du Sahara et du Sahel, \u00aborganisation <\/em>(\u2026) intergouvernementale \u00e0 vocation africaine, cr\u00e9\u00e9e en 1992 et \u00e9tablie \u00e0 Tunis<\/em> (\u2026) dans les zones arides, semi-arides et<\/em> (\u2026) s\u00e8ches de la r\u00e9gion\u00bb<\/em>.<\/p>\n

Conscient de l\u2019ampleur de ce fl\u00e9au depuis les premi\u00e8res ann\u00e9es de l\u2019ind\u00e9pendance, le gouvernement a \u00abinstitu\u00e9 la f\u00eate de l\u2019arbre d\u00e8s octobre 1958. Depuis, cette f\u00eate est c\u00e9l\u00e9br\u00e9e chaque ann\u00e9e le deuxi\u00e8me dimanche du mois de novembre. Elle est marqu\u00e9e par la plantation de milliers d\u2019arbres\u00bb<\/em>, rapporte kapitalis.com. <\/p>\n

\nLes agriculteurs sont incit\u00e9s \u00e0 cr\u00e9er des plantations de palmiers \u00e0 la fronti\u00e8re avec le d\u00e9sert. \u00abLes immenses palmiers agissent comme une barri\u00e8re naturelle contre l\u2019\u00e9rosion et les d\u00e9placements des dunes, et prot\u00e8gent les villages environnants\u00bb<\/em>, constate motherboard.vice.com. Autre technique de lutte: un programme d\u2019installation de filets et de cl\u00f4ture sur les dunes.<\/p>\n

Reste que la d\u00e9gradation des terres d\u00e9passe le seul cadre de la Tunisie. Le ph\u00e9nom\u00e8ne est mondial. Selon l\u2019ONU, il concernerait aujourd\u2019hui \u00ab1,6 milliard de personnes dans le monde\u00bb<\/em>. Et d\u2019ici \u00e0 2045, il pourrait pousser 135 millions de personnes \u00e0 prendre les routes de l\u2019\u00e9migration, pr\u00e9voient les Nations Unies<\/a>. Zone risquant d\u2019\u00eatre la plus touch\u00e9e: la r\u00e9gion du Sahara-Sahel\u2026<\/p>\n

Par Laurent Ribadeau Dumas<\/h4>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

La Tunisie menac\u00e9e par l\u2019avanc\u00e9e du d\u00e9sert   Tunis a annonc\u00e9 le 27 mars un plan national pour lutter contre la rar\u00e9faction de ses ressources en eau, probl\u00e8me accentu\u00e9 par l’avanc\u00e9e du d\u00e9sert. Aux dires m\u00eames des autorit\u00e9s tunisiennes, 75% des terres cultivables du pays sont menac\u00e9es par le processus de d\u00e9sertification. Un ph\u00e9nom\u00e8ne ancien li\u00e9… <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":64805,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"neve_meta_sidebar":"","neve_meta_container":"","neve_meta_enable_content_width":"","neve_meta_content_width":0,"neve_meta_title_alignment":"","neve_meta_author_avatar":"","neve_post_elements_order":"","neve_meta_disable_header":"","neve_meta_disable_footer":"","neve_meta_disable_title":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-64804","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"yoast_head":"\nLa Tunisie menac\u00e9e par l\u2019avanc\u00e9e du d\u00e9sert | HARISSA.COM<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"La Tunisie menac\u00e9e par l\u2019avanc\u00e9e du d\u00e9sert   Tunis a annonc\u00e9 le 27 mars un plan national pour lutter contre la rar\u00e9faction de ses ressources en\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" 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