{"id":64964,"date":"2021-03-20T23:25:28","date_gmt":"2021-03-20T23:25:28","guid":{"rendered":""},"modified":"2021-03-20T23:25:28","modified_gmt":"2021-03-20T23:25:28","slug":"20-mars-1956-la-tunisie-accede-a-lindependance","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/harissa.com\/news-wp\/20-mars-1956-la-tunisie-accede-a-lindependance\/","title":{"rendered":"20 mars 1956, la Tunisie acc\u00e8de \u00e0 l\u2019ind\u00e9pendance"},"content":{"rendered":"<p itemprop=\"name headline\">\u00c9crit par Ridha K\u00e9fi &#8211; Jeune Afrique<\/p>\n<article id=\"post-86624\" itemscope=\"\" itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/NewsArticle\">\n<figure>&nbsp;<\/figure>\n<p>Le mardi 20 mars 1956, \u00ab la France reconna\u00eet solennellement l&rsquo;ind\u00e9pendance de la Tunisie&#8230; \u00bb. Retour sur le d\u00e9roul\u00e9 de cette journ\u00e9e historique.<\/p>\n<p>Une pluie fine et un petit vent doux donnent \u00e0 Paris un air automnal. Vers 17 h 30 ce jour-l\u00e0, un cort\u00e8ge de voitures traverse la Seine \u00e0 vive allure et se dirige vers le Quai d\u2019Orsay. Quelques instants apr\u00e8s, une dizaine de personnes franchissent le perron du minist\u00e8re fran\u00e7ais des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res.<\/p>\n<p>Parmi elles,&nbsp;Tahar Ben Ammar, pr\u00e9sident du Conseil tunisien, Mongi Slim, ministre de l\u2019Int\u00e9rieur, tous deux arriv\u00e9s de Tunis en d\u00e9but d\u2019apr\u00e8s-midi, ainsi que Bahi Ladgham, vice-pr\u00e9sident du Conseil, et Mohamed Masmoudi, ministre de l\u2019\u00c9conomie nationale, qui avaient n\u00e9goci\u00e9 depuis le 27 f\u00e9vrier et conclu \u2013 avec l\u2019aide d\u00e9terminante d\u2019Habib Bourguiba, chef du N\u00e9o-Destour, pr\u00e9sent dans la capitale fran\u00e7aise \u2013 le protocole de l\u2019ind\u00e9pendance de la Tunisie.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Absence de Bourguiba<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Vers 17 h 40, la d\u00e9l\u00e9gation tunisienne entre dans le salon rouge et or, accompagn\u00e9e de Christian Pineau, ministre fran\u00e7ais des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res, et d\u2019Alain Savary, charg\u00e9 des questions tunisienne et marocaine dans le cabinet de Guy Mollet, entre autres responsables fran\u00e7ais. Une centaine de journalistes, photographes et cin\u00e9astes sont l\u00e0 pour immortaliser l\u2019\u00e9v\u00e9nement. Les flashs cr\u00e9pitent\u2026<\/p>\n<p>La c\u00e9r\u00e9monie se d\u00e9roule dans la simplicit\u00e9. Ben Ammar lit la premi\u00e8re moiti\u00e9 du protocole d\u2019ind\u00e9pendance, avant d\u2019\u00eatre relay\u00e9 par Pineau, qui prononce d\u2019une voix ferme la phrase tant attendue : \u00ab La France reconna\u00eet solennellement l\u2019ind\u00e9pendance de la Tunisie\u2026 \u00bb Les deux hommes apposent ensuite leur signature au bas du document. Congratulations, poign\u00e9e de main et sourires aux photographes.<\/p>\n<p>Avant de rejoindre le buffet avec le reste des convives, un journaliste remarque l\u2019absence de Bourguiba. \u00ab Nous venons d\u2019assister \u00e0 la g\u00e9n\u00e9rale d\u2019une pi\u00e8ce qui finit bien. Mais l\u2019auteur est absent \u00bb, dit-il.<\/p>\n<p>Au m\u00eame moment, \u00e0 quelques centaines de m\u00e8tres de l\u00e0, le \u00ab Combattant supr\u00eame \u00bb arpente sa chambre parisienne, m\u00e9ditatif. Il n\u2019a pas le temps de savourer le triomphe de ses certitudes : l\u2019avenir est d\u00e9j\u00e0 l\u00e0\u2026 avec ses incertitudes.<\/p>\n<p><strong>C\u00e9l\u00e9brations \u00e0 Tunis<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u00c0 Tunis, l\u2019heureux \u00e9v\u00e9nement est accueilli avec des manifestations d\u2019all\u00e9gresse. Le gouvernement ayant donn\u00e9 cong\u00e9 aux administrations et aux \u00e9coles, les Tunisiens d\u00e9filent tout l\u2019apr\u00e8s-midi \u00e0 travers les rues d\u2019une ville pavois\u00e9e aux couleurs nationales : rouge et blanc. Vers 18 heures, trois salves d\u2019artillerie sont tir\u00e9es. Les r\u00e9jouissances populaires se terminent tard dans la nuit.<\/p>\n<p>Ce jour-l\u00e0, la France a reconnu formellement l\u2019ind\u00e9pendance de la Tunisie et, explicitement, l\u2019abrogation du trait\u00e9 du Bardo du 12 mai 1881, qui avait instaur\u00e9 le protectorat fran\u00e7ais.<\/p>\n<p>Le r\u00e9gime tunisien a donc recouvr\u00e9 \u00ab ses responsabilit\u00e9s en mati\u00e8re d\u2019affaires ext\u00e9rieures, de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 et de d\u00e9fense \u00bb et son droit de constituer une \u00ab arm\u00e9e nationale \u00bb. La France a certes maintenu une pr\u00e9sence militaire \u00e0 Bizerte \u2013 port strat\u00e9gique qu\u2019elle \u00e9vacuera le 15 octobre 1963 -, mais l\u2019abrogation du trait\u00e9 du Bardo n\u2019en a pas \u00e9t\u00e9 moins ressentie par les Tunisiens comme la fin formelle du r\u00e9gime colonial qui leur avait \u00e9t\u00e9 impos\u00e9 durant soixante-quinze ans.<\/p>\n<p>Cette parenth\u00e8se ferm\u00e9e, l\u2019histoire peut donc s\u2019acc\u00e9l\u00e9rer. Le 25 mars, trois jours apr\u00e8s le retour de Bourguiba, les Tunisiens \u00e9lisent, pour la premi\u00e8re fois de leur histoire, une Assembl\u00e9e constituante au suffrage universel.<\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p>Le 25 mars, les Tunisiens \u00e9lisent, pour la premi\u00e8re fois de leur histoire, une Assembl\u00e9e constituante au suffrage universel.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p>Le 25 juillet 1957, le \u00ab Combattant supr\u00eame \u00bb parach\u00e8ve sa victoire en faisant d\u00e9poser le dernier souverain husseinite, Lamine Bey, et en se faisant nommer premier pr\u00e9sident de la R\u00e9publique tunisienne, \u00e0 titre \u00ab provisoire \u00bb, en attendant la Constitution, qui sera promulgu\u00e9e le 1er juin 1959.<\/p>\n<p>Le premier pr\u00e9sident de la Tunisie ind\u00e9pendante restera au pouvoir jusqu\u2019au 7 novembre 1987. Il mourra le 6 avril 2000, presque centenaire, non sans avoir laiss\u00e9 sa marque ind\u00e9l\u00e9bile sur la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 et l\u2019\u00c9tat tunisiens.<\/p>\n<\/article>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u00c9crit par Ridha K\u00e9fi &#8211; Jeune Afrique &nbsp; Le mardi 20 mars 1956, \u00ab la France reconna\u00eet solennellement l&rsquo;ind\u00e9pendance de la Tunisie&#8230; \u00bb. Retour sur le d\u00e9roul\u00e9 de cette journ\u00e9e historique. Une pluie fine et un petit vent doux donnent \u00e0 Paris un air automnal. Vers 17 h 30 ce jour-l\u00e0, un cort\u00e8ge de voitures&hellip;&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":64965,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"neve_meta_sidebar":"","neve_meta_container":"","neve_meta_enable_content_width":"","neve_meta_content_width":0,"neve_meta_title_alignment":"","neve_meta_author_avatar":"","neve_post_elements_order":"","neve_meta_disable_header":"","neve_meta_disable_footer":"","neve_meta_disable_title":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-64964","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.6 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>20 mars 1956, la Tunisie acc\u00e8de \u00e0 l\u2019ind\u00e9pendance | HARISSA.COM<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u00c9crit par Ridha K\u00e9fi - Jeune Afrique &nbsp; Le mardi 20 mars 1956, \u00ab la France reconna\u00eet solennellement l&#039;ind\u00e9pendance de la Tunisie... \u00bb. 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