{"id":65241,"date":"2021-05-23T17:06:53","date_gmt":"2021-05-23T17:06:53","guid":{"rendered":""},"modified":"2021-05-23T17:06:53","modified_gmt":"2021-05-23T17:06:53","slug":"samson-le-nazir","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/harissa.com\/news-wp\/samson-le-nazir\/","title":{"rendered":"Samson, le nazir"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Samson, le nazir<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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L\u2019un des principaux sujets trait\u00e9s dans la parachath Nasso <\/em>concerne le nazir <\/em>, c\u2019est-\u00e0-dire celui qui a fait voeu d\u2019abstinence ( Bamidbar <\/em> 6, 1 \u00e0 21). Sa r\u00e9plique dans le s\u00e9f\u00e8r Choftim <\/em>est constitu\u00e9e par le r\u00e9cit de la naissance et de la vie de Samson, et sa haftara <\/em>est emprunt\u00e9e au chapitre 13 qui retrace les \u00e9v\u00e9nements ayant pr\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9 la naissance de ce \u00ab juge \u00bb.<\/p>\n

De multiples dissemblances diff\u00e9rencient toutefois l\u2019\u00e9tat de nazir <\/em>tel qu\u2019il est r\u00e9glement\u00e9 par la Tora <\/em>et le destin de Samson :<\/p>\n

En premier lieu, selon la Tora <\/em>, les principales interdictions qui s\u2019imposent au nazir <\/em>sont les suivantes :<\/p>\n

1\u00b0. Interdiction de consommer du vin ou des boissons \u00e0 base de raisins.<\/p>\n

2\u00b0. Interdiction de se couper les cheveux.<\/p>\n

3\u00b0. Interdiction d\u2019entrer en contact avec un mort.<\/p>\n

4\u00b0. Interdiction de se rendre impur lors du d\u00e9c\u00e8s d\u2019un de ses proches (p\u00e8re, m\u00e8re, fr\u00e8re et s?ur).<\/p>\n

Dans le cas de Samson, cependant, seules lui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 applicables les deux premi\u00e8res interdictions, et celui-ci, en de multiples circonstances, a tu\u00e9 des Philistins ? et s\u2019est donc rendu impur  sans encourir aucun reproche quant \u00e0 sa conduite (voir Radaq <\/em>
\nad <\/em> 14, 19).<\/p>\n

En deuxi\u00e8me lieu, l\u2019\u00e9tat de nazir <\/em>, selon la Tora <\/em>, est provisoire : Il dure normalement trente jours ( Michna Nazir <\/em> 1, 3), et celui qui a fait voeu d\u2019abstinence est tenu, \u00e0 la fin du temps imparti, d\u2019apporter un sacrifice expiatoire, et ce pour avoir \u00ab p\u00e9ch\u00e9 contre son \u00e2me \u00bb ( Bamidbar <\/em> 6, 11). En effet, expliquent les rabbins, il a eu le tort de rejeter les biens terrestres que Hachem <\/em>lui a accord\u00e9s et dont il aurait profit\u00e9 s\u2019il n\u2019avait pas prononc\u00e9 son engagement. Se mortifier inutilement est aller \u00e0 l\u2019encontre de Sa volont\u00e9 (voir notamment Taanith <\/em>11a).<\/p>\n

Samson, au contraire, a \u00e9t\u00e9 un \u00ab  nazir <\/em>perp\u00e9tuel \u00bb (\u00ab d\u00e8s le ventre [de sa m\u00e8re] \u00bb  13, 5).<\/p>\n

Enfin, l\u2019\u00e9tat de nazir <\/em>ne s\u2019impose normalement qu\u2019\u00e0 celui qui a fait v?u de le devenir, et il n\u2019entra\u00eene aucun effet sur sa famille. Dans le cas de Samson, au contraire, sa m\u00e8re a re\u00e7u l\u2019ordre de s\u2019abstenir, avant m\u00eame la conception de son fils, de tout vin et de toute boisson forte, ainsi que de tout aliment impur (13, 4 ? 7 ? 13 ? 14).<\/p>\n

Le destin de Samson : providence et libre-arbitre<\/h3>\n

Samson est caract\u00e9ris\u00e9 par une personnalit\u00e9 complexe. La tradition talmudique lui reproche d\u2019avoir \u00ab suivi les d\u00e9sirs de ses yeux \u00bb (Sota 9b), en d\u2019autres termes de s\u2019\u00eatre laiss\u00e9 guider par ses inclinations les plus sensuelles, notamment dans le choix de ses \u00e9pouses, raison pour laquelle il a \u00e9t\u00e9 puni par Hachem. Mais elle lui sait gr\u00e9, en m\u00eame temps, d\u2019avoir \u0153uvr\u00e9 pour la punition des ennemis d\u2019Isra\u00ebl, puisqu\u2019il s\u2019est sacrifi\u00e9 en abattant sur eux les murs de leur Temple et pour avoir ainsi \u00ab fait mourir dans sa mort plus de Philistins qu\u2019il en avait fait mourir pendant sa vie \u00bb (Juges 16, 30).<\/p>\n

Cette contradiction soul\u00e8ve la question de la providence et du libre-arbitre. Si Samson a \u00e9t\u00e9 un instrument de Hachem et si tous ses actes n\u2019ont \u00e9t\u00e9 que l\u2019ex\u00e9cution de sa mission, pourquoi a-t-il \u00e9t\u00e9 puni aussi s\u00e9v\u00e8rement ? Les Sages, dans leur analyse de cette histoire, y voient la preuve que Samson a \u00e9t\u00e9 responsable de son propre comportement r\u00e9pr\u00e9hensible, mais son histoire semble \u00e9galement indiquer que l\u2019ensemble de sa conduite faisait partie du plan divin pour punir les ennemis d\u2019Isra\u00ebl.<\/p>\n

La r\u00e9ponse \u00e0 ce dilemme est ambivalente : Hachem affirme que Son plan g\u00e9n\u00e9ral est dict\u00e9 par Sa providence, mais les d\u00e9tails du comportement de Samson sont de sa propre responsabilit\u00e9. Cette dialectique est, par essence, la base de la tradition juive. Nous vivons avec le sentiment que Hachem est impliqu\u00e9 dans nos vies, mais aussi avec la conviction que chacun de nous est responsable de ses actes.<\/p>\n

La m\u00e8re de Samson <\/strong><\/h3>\n

Le chapitre 13 du livre des Choftim <\/em> (\u00ab Juges \u00bb) relate avec force d\u00e9tails les circonstances de la naissance de Samson, et en particulier la fa\u00e7on dont celle-ci a \u00e9t\u00e9 annonc\u00e9e \u00e0 ses parents.<\/p>\n

Tout au long de ce chapitre, c\u2019est sa m\u00e8re qui occupe le devant de la sc\u00e8ne. C\u2019est \u00e0 elle qu\u2019un ange de Hachem <\/em> annonce qu\u2019elle aura un fils (13, 3), c\u2019est \u00e0 elle qu\u2019il est fait injonction de ne boire ni vin ni boisson forte, et de rien manger d\u2019impur (13, 4), et c\u2019est par elle, et non par l\u2019ange, que son mari apprendra la nouvelle de sa future paternit\u00e9. Signalons en outre que le mari est terroris\u00e9 \u00e0 l\u2019id\u00e9e d\u2019avoir re\u00e7u la visite d\u2019un ange, et que c\u2019est sa femme qui le rassure : \u00ab Si Hachem <\/em> avait voulu nous faire mourir, Il n\u2019aurait pas accept\u00e9 de notre main un holocauste et une oblation, et Il ne nous aurait pas fait voir toutes ces choses, et ne nous aurait pas fait entendre alors des choses comme celles-l\u00e0 \u00bb (13, 23).<\/p>\n

On ne peut donc que s\u2019\u00e9tonner de ce que le texte de ce chapitre, qui r\u00e9p\u00e8te \u00e0 l\u2019envi ? pas moins de dix-sept fois ? le nom du p\u00e8re de Samson, Manoa?h, reste muet sur celui de sa m\u00e8re.<\/p>\n

Ce n\u2019est que dans les textes post\u00e9rieurs que nous est livr\u00e9e la cl\u00e9 de l\u2019\u00e9nigme : Elle s\u2019appelait Tselalfonith ( Baba Bathra <\/em>91a), Hatselalfonith ( Midrach Echeth ?Hayil <\/em>), ou encore Hatselelponi, de la tribu de Juda (I Chroniques 4, 3).<\/p>\n

Dans son ouvrage Benayiahou ben Jeho\u00efyada <\/em> sur Baba Bathra <\/em>, le Ben ich ?Ha\u00ef <\/em> explique ainsi la discr\u00e9tion du texte biblique : Etant donn\u00e9 que l\u2019ange de Hachem <\/em> s\u2019est adress\u00e9 \u00e0 plusieurs reprises \u00e0 Tselalfonith, les h\u00e9r\u00e9tiques auraient pu la consid\u00e9rer comme une proph\u00e9tesse, ce qu\u2019elle n\u2019\u00e9tait pas, et ils auraient pu en venir \u00e0 s\u2019interroger sur son nom.<\/p>\n

C\u2019est pour \u00e9viter que soit commise une telle erreur que le texte a dissimul\u00e9 son identit\u00e9.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Samson, le nazir L\u2019un des principaux sujets trait\u00e9s dans la parachath Nasso concerne le nazir , c\u2019est-\u00e0-dire celui qui a fait voeu d\u2019abstinence ( Bamidbar  6, 1 \u00e0 21). Sa r\u00e9plique dans le s\u00e9f\u00e8r Choftim est constitu\u00e9e par le r\u00e9cit de la naissance et de la vie de Samson, et sa haftara est emprunt\u00e9e au chapitre 13 qui retrace les \u00e9v\u00e9nements ayant pr\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9 la naissance de ce \u00ab juge \u00bb.… <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":65242,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"neve_meta_sidebar":"","neve_meta_container":"","neve_meta_enable_content_width":"","neve_meta_content_width":0,"neve_meta_title_alignment":"","neve_meta_author_avatar":"","neve_post_elements_order":"","neve_meta_disable_header":"","neve_meta_disable_footer":"","neve_meta_disable_title":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-65241","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"yoast_head":"\nSamson, le nazir | HARISSA.COM<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Samson, le 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