{"id":65385,"date":"2021-06-20T17:07:32","date_gmt":"2021-06-20T17:07:32","guid":{"rendered":""},"modified":"2021-06-20T17:07:32","modified_gmt":"2021-06-20T17:07:32","slug":"le-declin-de-l-universite-pressenti-des-1971","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/harissa.com\/news-wp\/le-declin-de-l-universite-pressenti-des-1971\/","title":{"rendered":"Le d\u00e9clin de l’Universit\u00e9 pressenti d\u00e8s 1971"},"content":{"rendered":"

Le d\u00e9clin de l’Universit\u00e9 pressenti d\u00e8s 1971<\/p>\n

par Daniel Pipes<\/p>\n

Je consid\u00e8re Nathan Marsh Pusey, pr\u00e9sident de l’universit\u00e9 de Harvard de 1953 \u00e0 1971, comme la premi\u00e8re personne \u00e0 avoir pr\u00e9vu et expliqu\u00e9 le d\u00e9clin d\u00e9sastreux de l’universit\u00e9 am\u00e9ricaine contemporaine.<\/p>\n

Le discours de Pusey a \u00e9t\u00e9 publi\u00e9 par le Boston Globe<\/strong><\/p>\n

Ces d\u00e9clarations ont \u00e9t\u00e9 faites avec style et publiquement alors que Pusey dressait le bilan de son mandat \u00e0 la t\u00eate de l’universit\u00e9, lors de son dernier discours d’ouverture prononc\u00e9 il y a un demi-si\u00e8cle, le 17 juin 1971. Publi\u00e9 dans son int\u00e9gralit\u00e9 par le Boston Globe, analys\u00e9 par le New York Times et comment\u00e9 dans un ouvrage majeur sur l’histoire de Harvard, le discours a re\u00e7u une attention consid\u00e9rable.<\/p>\n

Pusey a commenc\u00e9 par rappeler le grand espoir qui animait les universit\u00e9s \u00e0 la fin de la Seconde Guerre mondiale et a not\u00e9 les r\u00e9alisations consid\u00e9rables de ces institutions dans les sciences et bien d’autres domaines. Toutefois, il a ensuite apport\u00e9 une note plus sombre qui, un demi-si\u00e8cle plus tard, a une r\u00e9sonance particuli\u00e8re :<\/p>\n

    Nous avons r\u00eav\u00e9 et travaill\u00e9 en cons\u00e9quence. L’effort n’a pas exactement produit ce que nous avions esp\u00e9r\u00e9. Du moins pas encore. En revanche, un changement s’est produit et comme cela arrive si souvent avec le temps qu’il fait, le changement s’est accompagn\u00e9 de temp\u00eates. Les universit\u00e9s ne sont plus l’objet d’une admiration universelle. Certaines personnes en sont m\u00eame venues \u00e0 les consid\u00e9rer moins comme des institutions salvatrices que comme la source de maux dont la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 doit \u00eatre sauv\u00e9e. Le grand public t\u00e9moigne moins d’estime pour les facult\u00e9s universitaires.<\/p>\n

Il est surprenant de voir que la mauvaise r\u00e9putation du monde universitaire n’est pas neuve et qu’elle a commenc\u00e9 il y a si longtemps.<\/p>\n

Que s’\u00e9tait-il donc pass\u00e9 ? Pusey s’est concentr\u00e9 sur les \u00ab \u00e9tudiants \u00e0 la critique acerbe \u00bb, un euph\u00e9misme qu’il utilisait pour d\u00e9signer les gens de l’extr\u00eame-gauche :<\/p>\n

    Un nombre croissant d’\u00e9tudiants sont moins facilement impressionn\u00e9s par ce que les professeurs ont \u00e0 proposer et moins dispos\u00e9s \u00e0 consacrer une attention soutenue \u00e0 leur enseignement. Ces \u00e9tudiants \u00e0 la critique acerbe sont \u00e9galement moins convaincus de l’int\u00e9grit\u00e9 et de la validit\u00e9 des institutions de notre soci\u00e9t\u00e9, y compris ses facult\u00e9s et universit\u00e9s au sein desquelles et pour lesquelles ils sont aussi moins dispos\u00e9s \u00e0 travailler selon des normes \u00e9tablies, que ne l’\u00e9taient les jeunes qui, pour la plupart, \u00e9taient heureux de fr\u00e9quenter et de servir ces m\u00eames institutions il y a encore quelques ann\u00e9es.<\/p>\n

Pusey a constat\u00e9 l’ampleur du d\u00e9fi : \u00ab Les objectifs et les m\u00e9thodes des universit\u00e9s ont \u00e9t\u00e9 remis en question d’une mani\u00e8re fondamentale. \u00bb Il a anticip\u00e9 la mani\u00e8re dont, au fil du temps, ces radicaux finiraient par transformer l’universit\u00e9 am\u00e9ricaine pour le pire : \u00ab Il ne fait aucun doute que nous entrons dans une nouvelle p\u00e9riode, tr\u00e8s diff\u00e9rente et visiblement tr\u00e8s troubl\u00e9e de l’enseignement sup\u00e9rieur. \u00bb Cette \u00ab p\u00e9riode tr\u00e8s troubl\u00e9e de l’enseignement sup\u00e9rieur \u00bb demeure, cinquante ans plus tard, bien pr\u00e9sente voire plus troubl\u00e9e que jamais et ne semble montrer aucun signe de rel\u00e2chement.<\/p>\n

Pusey a annonc\u00e9 avec justesse l’av\u00e8nement d’une \u00ab \u00e8re marqu\u00e9e par des conditions radicalement modifi\u00e9es, des changements brutaux et des obstacles redoutables \u00bb ainsi que d’une double crise dans la recherche universitaire et le personnel :<\/p>\n

    Il existe \u00e9galement une baisse de confiance dans la capacit\u00e9 des universit\u00e9s ou dans leur volont\u00e9 de produire les connaissances requises. Et m\u00eame si elles en avaient la capacit\u00e9 et la volont\u00e9, la confiance s’amenuise plus encore dans leur aptitude \u00e0 produire les personnes ayant l’endurance et le caract\u00e8re n\u00e9cessaires \u00e0 l’exercice d’un emploi propre \u00e0 accomplir des objectifs constructifs.<\/p>\n

Ce d\u00e9faut de personnes \u00ab endurantes et de caract\u00e8re \u00bb a conduit Pusey \u00e0 dresser un constat bien \u00ab sombre \u00bb sur l’avenir de l’universit\u00e9 am\u00e9ricaine :<\/p>\n

    Actuellement, la vaste remise en cause des universit\u00e9s quant \u00e0 leur utilit\u00e9 et leur aptitude \u00e0 continuer \u00e0 faire face aux d\u00e9fis, aux critiques et \u00e0 la rigueur financi\u00e8re toujours plus grande, en servant selon une tradition ancienne et v\u00e9n\u00e9rable, nous pousse \u00e0 voir pour ces universit\u00e9s un avenir sombre.<\/p>\n

En d’autres termes, l’exp\u00e9rience am\u00e8re qu’il a connue avec les r\u00e9volutionnaires improvis\u00e9s de 1969-1971 a donn\u00e9 \u00e0 Pusey une singuli\u00e8re perspicacit\u00e9 pour pr\u00e9dire que cette cohorte changerait fondamentalement la nature de l’enseignement sup\u00e9rieur et ce, pour le pire.<\/p>\n

Si l’on en juge d’apr\u00e8s le compte-rendu de ce discours par le New York Times, l’auditoire de Pusey n’aurait pas compris son propos. Bill Kovach a rapport\u00e9 que Pusey avait \u00ab pass\u00e9 en revue ses 18 ann\u00e9es de mandat comme une p\u00e9riode au cours de laquelle les universit\u00e9s ont \u00e9t\u00e9 transform\u00e9es, passant aux yeux de l’opinion publique, de l’\u00e9tat de source d’espoir pour un monde meilleur \u00e0 celui d’institutions t\u00e2tonnantes qui n’ont pas \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e0 la hauteur du d\u00e9fi. \u00bb Le terme \u00ab t\u00e2tonnantes \u00bb ne rend gu\u00e8re justice \u00e0 cet acte d’accusation cinglant.<\/p>\n

Article du New York Times sur le discours inaugural de 1971.<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00c0 l’heure actuelle, quand on se souvient de lui, on rappelle que Nathan Pusey (1907-2001) a au d\u00e9but des ann\u00e9es 1950, r\u00e9sist\u00e9 avec succ\u00e8s \u00e0 Joseph McCarthy, qu’il a ensuite, \u00e0 la fin des ann\u00e9es 1960, \u00e9chou\u00e9 \u00e0 g\u00e9rer les \u00e9tudiants \u00e9meutiers, raison de son \u00e9puisement et de sa \u00ab retraite pr\u00e9matur\u00e9e \u00bb. Au lieu de cela, il faudrait se souvenir de lui comme de quelqu’un qui a dress\u00e9 une analyse approfondie de la situation difficile de l’universit\u00e9. Avant tout le monde, \u00e0 la mani\u00e8re d’un proph\u00e8te, il a publiquement d\u00e9cel\u00e9 dans le gauchisme radical de ses derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es \u00e0 Harvard l’\u00e9l\u00e9ment annonciateur de la \u00ab p\u00e9riode tr\u00e8s troubl\u00e9e \u00bb \u00e0 venir.<\/p>\n

Si seulement il pouvait \u00eatre parmi nous aujourd’hui pour nous dire \u00e0 quel moment tout cela se terminera.<\/p>\n

Addenda, 17 juin 2021. (1) Pusey a prononc\u00e9 ce discours lors de la remise des dipl\u00f4mes du premier degr\u00e9 pour ma promotion qu’il a, sans surprise, qualifi\u00e9e de \u00ab pire promotion de l’histoire de Harvard \u00bb, un jugement de valeur avec lequel, chose plus surprenante peut-\u00eatre, je suis d’accord.<\/p>\n

(2) J’ai manqu\u00e9 le discours de Pusey car j’ai d\u00fb faire l’impasse sur la c\u00e9r\u00e9monie inaugurale afin de suivre un cours de langue arabe au Caire.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Le d\u00e9clin de l’Universit\u00e9 pressenti d\u00e8s 1971 par Daniel Pipes Je consid\u00e8re Nathan Marsh Pusey, pr\u00e9sident de l’universit\u00e9 de Harvard de 1953 \u00e0 1971, comme la premi\u00e8re personne \u00e0 avoir pr\u00e9vu et expliqu\u00e9 le d\u00e9clin d\u00e9sastreux de l’universit\u00e9 am\u00e9ricaine contemporaine. Le discours de Pusey a \u00e9t\u00e9 publi\u00e9 par le Boston Globe Ces d\u00e9clarations ont \u00e9t\u00e9… <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":65386,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"neve_meta_sidebar":"","neve_meta_container":"","neve_meta_enable_content_width":"","neve_meta_content_width":0,"neve_meta_title_alignment":"","neve_meta_author_avatar":"","neve_post_elements_order":"","neve_meta_disable_header":"","neve_meta_disable_footer":"","neve_meta_disable_title":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-65385","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"yoast_head":"\nLe d\u00e9clin de l'Universit\u00e9 pressenti d\u00e8s 1971 | HARISSA.COM<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Le d\u00e9clin de l'Universit\u00e9 pressenti d\u00e8s 1971 par Daniel Pipes Je consid\u00e8re Nathan Marsh Pusey, pr\u00e9sident de 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