{"id":65663,"date":"2021-08-08T05:47:28","date_gmt":"2021-08-08T05:47:28","guid":{"rendered":""},"modified":"2021-08-08T05:47:28","modified_gmt":"2021-08-08T05:47:28","slug":"metoo-tunisia-1937","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/harissa.com\/news-wp\/metoo-tunisia-1937\/","title":{"rendered":"#MeToo, Tunisia, 1937"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>#MeToo, Tunisia, 1937<\/p>\n<p>BY&nbsp;LIA BROZGAL AND SARAH ABREVAYA STEIN<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>The #MeToo movement has jump-started crucial conversations about sexual harassment and sexual violence in the contemporary world \u2014 and in the Jewish community. Historical and literary perspectives help us make sense of the present moment. After all, Jewish girls and women \u2014 like any girls and women \u2014 have experienced sexual harassment and sexual violence through time, in all contexts that Jews called home, from Eastern Europe to North Africa.<\/p>\n<p>Rape is a lived experience for the protagonist in \u201cNinette of Sin Street,\u201d a novella originally written in French and published in Sfax, Tunisia, in 1937 and recently republished in English. The story is told in a series of monologues by Ninette, who describes her life frankly \u2014 although not without difficulty and shame \u2014 to the principal of her son\u2019s school. Ninette, we learn, is an unwed mother who was born into a life of abjection: She grew up in the \u201cladies\u2019 quarter\u201d (or red-light district) in Sfax, where she lived in poverty, cleaned rooms and did laundry for a few coins, dreaming of \u201ca little apartment on the Avenue (with) fine bed linens,<br \/>\nand gowns, and draperies.\u201d Feisty and witty, she pulled herself up by her<br \/>\nproverbial bootstraps after a rough childhood during which she was thrust out<br \/>\nof the house, scarcely an adolescent and an orphan.<\/p>\n<p>The first disaster came at the hands of someone she knew well, a sweet-talking musician. When Ninette tries to reconstruct the story, it is jumbled in her mind, like a shakshuka, the egg dish that is a staple of Tunisian cuisine.&nbsp; She remembers being offered grilled meat and wine so sweet it seemed like miracle. She remembers finding herself in a hotel room, on a bed, her head so fuzzy she can\u2019t find her way up and out. There is music playing, a man talking.&nbsp; When Ninette wakes, her head throbs, her body is sore and blood coats her thighs. The man who took advantage of Ninette? \u201cI\u2019ll answer the way the rabbi taught me to,\u201d she says, \u201cmay his name and memory be forgotten.\u201d But she names him, too, in this early moment of #MeToo: \u201cHe was my uncle. And I was thirteen years old.\u201d The rabbi called this Ninette\u2019s \u201cfirst sin.\u201d<\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p><strong>Ninette\u2019s abuse comes in a most intimate form: She is betrayed by her own.<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p>The second fall comes, indirectly, at the hands of a rabbi from the island of Djerba, the spiritual center of Tunisian Jewry about 180 miles south of Ninette\u2019s home. Ninette had turned to the rabbi in desperation, with no money, no job prospects and not even her honor intact. (In addition to her \u201cfirst sin,\u201d Ninette was obliged to turn tricks to make ends meet.) The rabbi found her what seemed like a perfect job: Ninette was to keep house for a wealthy Jewish matron and her son. It was honorable work for \u201cdistinguished people,\u201d pillars of the community, according to the rabbi. But the mother is often gone from the house and the son is bored. More to the point, the son can\u2019t keep his hands off Ninette; everywhere she turns, there he is: pinching, grabbing, wheedling \u2026 until she can resist no longer. Soon, she will be pregnant with his child, and out on the street again.<\/p>\n<p>Ninette\u2019s abuse comes in a most intimate form: She is betrayed by her own \u2014 first by her lecherous uncle, a second time by the rabbi who delivers her into a wolf\u2019s lair and then refuses to stand by her when she emerges, bitten, and a third and final time by her employer\u2019s son. Adding insult to injury, the rabbi and the wealthy matron use Ninette\u2019s sordid past against her, assassinating her character for having sex out of wedlock.<\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p>Today, we might read \u201cNinette of Sin Street\u201d as an early version of a \u201cvictim impact statement\u201d or as a form of therapy for a Jewish woman who was also a survivor.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p>Resilient to the blows that have rained upon her, Ninette narrates her own story, using words that make sense to her, relying on images and euphemism to convey things that are shameful, embarrassing, \u201cbitter memories\u201d that she turns over \u201call day, all night.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>\u201cNinette of Sin Street\u201d was written by a Jewish author named Vitalis Danon, who was among the first of a wave of writers to produce French-language literature in Tunisia, when the country was as a protectorate of France. Danon hailed from the Ottoman Empire but came to Sfax as an employee of the Alliance Isra\u00e9lite Universelle, a Franco-Jewish philanthropic organization that created secular schools for Jewish boys and girls across the Middle East and North Africa.<\/p>\n<p>We don\u2019t know whether Ninette is Danon\u2019s fictitious creation, a real woman who shared her tale of woe or a composite figure based on the many tales of poverty and abuse he heard from his students and their families. What\u2019s striking is that Danon allowed a poor North African Jewish woman with a tainted past to tell her story and to name her persecutors.<\/p>\n<p>Today, we might read \u201cNinette of Sin Street\u201d as an early version of a \u201cvictim impact statement\u201d or as a form of therapy for a Jewish woman who was also a survivor. As we embrace the bravery of today\u2019s women who announce #MeToo \u2014 and if we strive to listen to their stories \u2014 let us listen to the world\u2019s historic and literary Ninettes at the same time. n<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><em><strong>Lia Brozgal<\/strong>&nbsp;is associate professor of French and Francophone Studies at UCLA, where she specializes in the literature and history of France and North Africa.&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em><strong>Sarah Abrevaya Stein<\/strong>&nbsp;is a professor of history and Maurice Amado Chair in Sephardic Studies at UCLA.<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>#MeToo, Tunisia, 1937 BY&nbsp;LIA BROZGAL AND SARAH ABREVAYA STEIN &nbsp; The #MeToo movement has jump-started crucial conversations about sexual harassment and sexual violence in the contemporary world \u2014 and in the Jewish community. Historical and literary perspectives help us make sense of the present moment. After all, Jewish girls and women \u2014 like any girls&hellip;&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":65664,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"neve_meta_sidebar":"","neve_meta_container":"","neve_meta_enable_content_width":"","neve_meta_content_width":0,"neve_meta_title_alignment":"","neve_meta_author_avatar":"","neve_post_elements_order":"","neve_meta_disable_header":"","neve_meta_disable_footer":"","neve_meta_disable_title":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-65663","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.6 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>#MeToo, Tunisia, 1937 | HARISSA.COM<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"#MeToo, Tunisia, 1937 BY&nbsp;LIA BROZGAL AND SARAH ABREVAYA STEIN &nbsp; The #MeToo movement has jump-started crucial conversations about sexual\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/harissa.com\/news-wp\/metoo-tunisia-1937\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"#MeToo, Tunisia, 1937 | HARISSA.COM\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"#MeToo, Tunisia, 1937 BY&nbsp;LIA BROZGAL AND SARAH ABREVAYA STEIN &nbsp; 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