{"id":66055,"date":"2021-10-24T17:27:27","date_gmt":"2021-10-24T17:27:27","guid":{"rendered":""},"modified":"2021-10-24T17:27:27","modified_gmt":"2021-10-24T17:27:27","slug":"le-juste-aristide-de-sousa-mendes-entre-au-pantheon-national-du-portugal","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/harissa.com\/news-wp\/le-juste-aristide-de-sousa-mendes-entre-au-pantheon-national-du-portugal\/","title":{"rendered":"Le Juste Aristide de Sousa Mendes entre au Panth\u00e9on national du Portugal"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Le Juste Aristide de Sousa Mendes entre au Panth\u00e9on national du Portugal<\/p>\n<div class=\"node-content\" id=\"ancre_video\">\n<div class=\"field field-name-field-teaser field-type-text-long field-label-hidden\">\n<div class=\"field-items\">\n<div class=\"field-item even\">En juin 1940, il a sauv\u00e9 des milliers de r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s juifs : 81 ans plus tard, Aristides de Sousa Mendes entre au Panth\u00e9on portugais. La c\u00e9r\u00e9monie a eu lieu hier \u00e0 Lisbonne, au Panth\u00e9on national, o\u00f9 une plaque portant son nom a \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9voil\u00e9e devant les descendants des familles sauv\u00e9es. Le Portugal restaure ainsi ce consul \u00e0 Bordeaux, tomb\u00e9 dans l\u2019oubli, et honore \u00ab\u00a0son courage de d\u00e9sob\u00e9ir\u00a0\u00bb.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"field-items field field-name-body field-type-text-with-summary field-label-hidden\">\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Il y a 81 ans, il a organis\u00e9 ce qui est sans doute la plus vaste op\u00e9ration d\u2019exfiltration de personnes menac\u00e9es d\u2019arrestation par les nazis, depuis Bordeaux en France. C\u2019\u00e9tait en <strong>juin 1940<\/strong>, en pleine d\u00e9b\u00e2cle face \u00e0 l\u2019arm\u00e9e allemande, Aristides de Sousa Mendes avait 55 ans, il \u00e9tait consul du Portugal \u00e0 Bordeaux. Et <strong>du 17 au 24 juin, il a d\u00e9livr\u00e9 environ 30 000 visas, dont 10 000 pour des citoyens de confession juive, <\/strong>pour leur permettre de quitter la France et rejoindre l\u00e9galement Lisbonne, dernier port d\u2019Europe assurant encore la liaison vers les Am\u00e9riques.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Le diplomate, Juste parmi les nations, a commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 d\u00e9livrer les sauf-conduits au consulat du Portugal, \u00e0 Bordeaux. Avant de devoir se replier et poursuivre son \u0153uvre \u00e0 Bayonne, puis sur le chemin vers Hendaye et la fronti\u00e8re.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Les jours pr\u00e9c\u00e9dents, le dictateur Salazar avait pourtant donn\u00e9 instruction \u00e0 ses consuls et ambassadeurs de restreindre les visas, de les refuser aux apatrides, aux Russes, aux Juifs expuls\u00e9s de leur pays d\u2019origine, ou encore aux opposants politiques de toutes nationalit\u00e9s. Mais apr\u00e8s plusieurs jours \u00e0 regarder des familles enti\u00e8res se serrer sous les fen\u00eatres de son consulat, Aristides de Sousa Mendes d\u00e9cide de faire entrer tout le monde. Hommes, femmes et enfants, artistes, intellectuels, religieux se tassent dans les couloirs du b\u00e2timent, dormant sur des chaises ou \u00e0 m\u00eame le plancher, et sans manger, par peur de perdre leur place dans la queue.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Un consul mis \u00e0 pied puis tomb\u00e9 dans l&rsquo;oubli<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Mais le 24 juin, le nombre de r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s franchissant la fronti\u00e8re franco-espagnole en direction du Portugal est si important, que le consul est convoqu\u00e9, d\u00e9mis de ses fonctions, traduit en conseil de discipline pour d\u00e9sob\u00e9issance et falsification de passeport, puis mis \u00e0 pied. Placardis\u00e9. Aristides de Sousa Mendes meurt en 1954, \u00e0 Lisbonne. Et son histoire tombe dans l\u2019oubli.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Douze ans plus tard, en 1966, le M\u00e9morial de Yad Vashem l\u2019honore du titre de Juste parmi les nations. Et au Portugal, il a fallu attendre 1986 pour qu\u2019il soit d\u00e9cor\u00e9 de l\u2019ordre de la Libert\u00e9.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Pourquoi tant de temps ? Parce que S<strong>alazar a voulu effacer la m\u00e9moire de Sousa Mendes<\/strong>, et qu\u2019ensuite, apr\u00e8s la chute du r\u00e9gime, Sousa Medes a pay\u00e9 le fait qu\u2019avant 1940, il \u00e9tait de ceux qui avaient soutenu la dictature militaire. C\u2019est toute la complexit\u00e9 d\u2019une vie : croire au changement, puis d\u00e9chanter, et enfin d\u00e9sob\u00e9ir. Mardi matin, au Panth\u00e9on, c\u2019est donc aussi ce chemin, cette r\u00e9sistance que le Portugal a honor\u00e9, et devant les descendants des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s sauv\u00e9s, le pr\u00e9sident Marcelo Rebelo a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 : \u00ab\u00a0Le pays s\u2019incline devant la personnalit\u00e9 morale d\u2019Aristides Sousa Mende\u00a0\u00bb. Autrement dit, devant le choix de la d\u00e9sob\u00e9issance.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">France Info<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Le Juste Aristide de Sousa Mendes entre au Panth\u00e9on national du Portugal En juin 1940, il a sauv\u00e9 des milliers de r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s juifs : 81 ans plus tard, Aristides de Sousa Mendes entre au Panth\u00e9on portugais. La c\u00e9r\u00e9monie a eu lieu hier \u00e0 Lisbonne, au Panth\u00e9on national, o\u00f9 une plaque portant son nom a \u00e9t\u00e9&hellip;&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":66056,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"neve_meta_sidebar":"","neve_meta_container":"","neve_meta_enable_content_width":"","neve_meta_content_width":0,"neve_meta_title_alignment":"","neve_meta_author_avatar":"","neve_post_elements_order":"","neve_meta_disable_header":"","neve_meta_disable_footer":"","neve_meta_disable_title":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-66055","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.6 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Le Juste Aristide de Sousa Mendes entre au Panth\u00e9on national du Portugal | 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