{"id":66421,"date":"2022-01-23T19:32:35","date_gmt":"2022-01-23T19:32:35","guid":{"rendered":""},"modified":"2022-01-23T19:32:35","modified_gmt":"2022-01-23T19:32:35","slug":"fmi-la-tunisie-doit-mener-des-reformes-tres-profondes","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/harissa.com\/news-wp\/fmi-la-tunisie-doit-mener-des-reformes-tres-profondes\/","title":{"rendered":"FMI : La Tunisie doit mener des \u00ab r\u00e9formes tr\u00e8s profondes \u00bb"},"content":{"rendered":"<header>\n<p class=\"headline\">FMI : La Tunisie doit mener des \u00ab&nbsp;r\u00e9formes tr\u00e8s profondes&nbsp;\u00bb<\/p>\n<p class=\"underline\">La croissance, estim\u00e9e \u00e0 3% pour 2022, reste encore \u00ab\u00a0faible et tr\u00e8s largement insuffisante\u00a0\u00bb pour r\u00e9sorber un taux de ch\u00f4mage qui d\u00e9passe les 18 %<\/p>\n<\/header>\n<div class=\"article-content\">\n<div class=\"the-content\">\n<p>En qu\u00eate de financements internationaux, la Tunisie doit mener \u00ab&nbsp;des r\u00e9formes tr\u00e8s profondes&nbsp;\u00bb, notamment pour r\u00e9duire le poids de la fonction publique qui atteint l\u2019un des niveaux \u00ab&nbsp;les plus \u00e9lev\u00e9s au monde&nbsp;\u00bb, estime J\u00e9r\u00f4me Vacher, repr\u00e9sentant du Fonds mon\u00e9taire international (FMI) en Tunisie.<\/p>\n<p>Au terme de son mandat de trois ans, M. Vacher rappelle dans une interview \u00e0 l\u2019AFP que la Tunisie a connu \u00e0 cause du Covid-19 \u00ab&nbsp;sa plus grave r\u00e9cession depuis l\u2019ind\u00e9pendance&nbsp;\u00bb (en 1956). Il souligne cependant que \u00ab&nbsp;les maux du pays \u00e9taient pr\u00e9existants, en particulier les d\u00e9ficits budg\u00e9taires et une dette publique (pr\u00e8s de 100 % du PIB fin 2021) qui se sont aggrav\u00e9s&nbsp;\u00bb.<\/p>\n<p>Apr\u00e8s une chute de quasi 9 % du PIB en 2020, la croissance est revenue \u00e0 un peu plus de 3 % en 2021 avec autant de pr\u00e9vu pour 2022.<\/p>\n<p>Elle reste toutefois \u00ab&nbsp;faible et tr\u00e8s largement insuffisante&nbsp;\u00bb pour r\u00e9sorber un taux de ch\u00f4mage qui d\u00e9passe les 18 %, et est \u00ab&nbsp;\u00e9lev\u00e9 aussi parmi les jeunes dipl\u00f4m\u00e9s&nbsp;\u00bb, estime M. Vacher. Il observe toutefois qu&rsquo;&nbsp;\u00bbune main-d\u2019oeuvre qualifi\u00e9e, un capital humain de tr\u00e8s bonne qualit\u00e9 et une localisation g\u00e9ographique favorable&nbsp;\u00bb sont des atouts pour le pays.<\/p>\n<p>D\u00e8s sa formation en octobre \u2013 plus de deux mois apr\u00e8s le coup de force du pr\u00e9sident Kais Saied qui s\u2019est arrog\u00e9 les pleins pouvoirs le 25 juillet -, le gouvernement de Najla Bouden a demand\u00e9 au FMI un nouveau programme d\u2019aide.<\/p>\n<p>Les autorit\u00e9s tunisiennes se disent optimistes sur la possibilit\u00e9 d\u2019un accord du FMI avant la fin du premier trimestre 2022.<\/p>\n<p>Mais selon M. Vacher, les discussions n\u2019en sont qu\u2019\u00e0 un stade pr\u00e9liminaire et le FMI veut d\u2019abord \u00ab&nbsp;comprendre quelles sont leurs intentions en mati\u00e8re de r\u00e9formes \u00e9conomiques&nbsp;\u00bb car \u00ab&nbsp;il y a un besoin de r\u00e9formes tr\u00e8s profondes, structurelles&nbsp;\u00bb.<\/p>\n<p>Il faut \u00ab&nbsp;un programme solide et cr\u00e9dible (..) sur le moyen terme et communiqu\u00e9 \u00e0 la population, m\u00eame si cela implique d\u2019expliquer les difficult\u00e9s&nbsp;\u00bb, dit-il.<\/p>\n<p>N\u00e9anmoins, \u00ab&nbsp;dans la mesure o\u00f9 il y a d\u00e9j\u00e0 un effort technique qui est engag\u00e9&nbsp;\u00bb par le gouvernement et qu\u2019il y a \u00ab&nbsp;une compr\u00e9hension des principaux d\u00e9fis et des principaux probl\u00e8mes, c\u2019est d\u00e9j\u00e0 une bonne base pour pr\u00e9parer et s\u2019engager sur un programme de r\u00e9formes&nbsp;\u00bb.<\/p>\n<p>Parmi les urgences, M. Vacher mentionne le \u00ab&nbsp;poids important&nbsp;\u00bb de la fonction publique (16 % du PIB), les salaires des 650 000 fonctionnaires absorbant plus de la moiti\u00e9 des d\u00e9penses annuelles de l\u2019Etat, \u00ab&nbsp;sans compter les collectivit\u00e9s locales et les entreprises publiques&nbsp;\u00bb.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00ab&nbsp;Situation particuli\u00e8re&nbsp;\u00bb&nbsp;<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Cette \u00ab&nbsp;situation particuli\u00e8re&nbsp;\u00bb de la Tunisie, o\u00f9 \u00ab&nbsp;la masse salariale de la fonction publique est l\u2019une des plus \u00e9lev\u00e9es au monde&nbsp;\u00bb, m\u00eame compar\u00e9e \u00e0 l\u2019Egypte, au Maroc, au Liban ou \u00e0 la Jordanie, emp\u00eache le pays d\u2019augmenter \u00ab&nbsp;ses d\u00e9penses d\u2019avenir, d\u2019investissements, d\u2019\u00e9ducation et de sant\u00e9&nbsp;\u00bb, d\u00e9plore M. Vacher.<\/p>\n<p>Autre urgence : \u00ab&nbsp;une r\u00e9forme profonde des entreprises publiques&nbsp;\u00bb, pr\u00e9sentes dans de multiples secteurs (t\u00e9l\u00e9coms, \u00e9lectricit\u00e9, eau potable, transport a\u00e9rien), souvent monopolistiques et qui emploient au moins 150 000 personnes.<\/p>\n<p>Il y a aussi \u00ab&nbsp;un effort important d\u2019efficacit\u00e9 \u00e0 faire&nbsp;\u00bb par rapport \u00ab&nbsp;\u00e0 ce qu\u2019attend la population en mati\u00e8re de services publics&nbsp;\u00bb, selon le repr\u00e9sentant du FMI.<\/p>\n<p>La \u00ab&nbsp;rigidit\u00e9 au niveau budg\u00e9taire est aggrav\u00e9e par le poids de certaines subventions&nbsp;\u00bb \u00e9tatiques, note-t-il, soulignant notamment \u00ab&nbsp;le caract\u00e8re in\u00e9galitaire des subventions sur l\u2019essence&nbsp;\u00bb.<\/p>\n<p>Le FMI pr\u00e9conise d\u2019ailleurs d\u2019accompagner une refonte du syst\u00e8me des subventions (carburants, produits de premi\u00e8re n\u00e9cessit\u00e9) par des m\u00e9canismes de compensation \u00e0 destination des populations plus d\u00e9favoris\u00e9es.<\/p>\n<p>Par ailleurs, le FMI est conscient de \u00ab&nbsp;l\u2019effet catalytique&nbsp;\u00bb de ses d\u00e9cisions pour les autres bailleurs de fonds, nationaux et \u00e9trangers, publics et priv\u00e9s, sachant que l\u2019Union europ\u00e9enne (UE) et plusieurs grands pays ont conditionn\u00e9 toute nouvelle aide \u00e0 un feu vert du Fonds.<\/p>\n<p>C\u2019est une responsabilit\u00e9 pour le FMI mais, pour M. Vacher, \u00ab&nbsp;la responsabilit\u00e9 la plus grande est au niveau des d\u00e9cideurs politiques, c\u2019est \u00e0 eux d\u2019agir pour trouver des solutions&nbsp;\u00bb.<\/p>\n<p>D\u2019apr\u00e8s lui, on ne peut pas dire comme certains l\u2019assurent que la Tunisie serait au bord de la faillite financi\u00e8re : \u00ab&nbsp;Il y a une gestion budg\u00e9taire qui se fait et s\u2019adapte \u00e0 la situation, pas forc\u00e9ment optimale mais g\u00e9rable&nbsp;\u00bb.<\/p>\n<p>Et par chance, la Tunisie ne fera pas face \u00e0 de grosses \u00e9ch\u00e9ances de remboursement de sa dette \u00e0 court terme.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>FMI : La Tunisie doit mener des \u00ab&nbsp;r\u00e9formes tr\u00e8s profondes&nbsp;\u00bb La croissance, estim\u00e9e \u00e0 3% pour 2022, reste encore \u00ab\u00a0faible et tr\u00e8s largement insuffisante\u00a0\u00bb pour r\u00e9sorber un taux de ch\u00f4mage qui d\u00e9passe les 18 % En qu\u00eate de financements internationaux, la Tunisie doit mener \u00ab&nbsp;des r\u00e9formes tr\u00e8s profondes&nbsp;\u00bb, notamment pour r\u00e9duire le poids de la&hellip;&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":66422,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"neve_meta_sidebar":"","neve_meta_container":"","neve_meta_enable_content_width":"","neve_meta_content_width":0,"neve_meta_title_alignment":"","neve_meta_author_avatar":"","neve_post_elements_order":"","neve_meta_disable_header":"","neve_meta_disable_footer":"","neve_meta_disable_title":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-66421","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.6 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>FMI : La Tunisie doit mener des \u00ab r\u00e9formes tr\u00e8s profondes \u00bb 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