{"id":66547,"date":"2022-02-20T18:11:02","date_gmt":"2022-02-20T18:11:02","guid":{"rendered":""},"modified":"2022-02-20T18:11:02","modified_gmt":"2022-02-20T18:11:02","slug":"juifs-sous-vichy-les-eclairages-historiques-de-laurent-joly-et-jacques-semelin","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/harissa.com\/news-wp\/juifs-sous-vichy-les-eclairages-historiques-de-laurent-joly-et-jacques-semelin\/","title":{"rendered":"Juifs sous Vichy : les \u00e9clairages historiques de Laurent Joly et Jacques S\u00e9melin"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"titre \">Juifs sous Vichy&nbsp;: les \u00e9clairages historiques de Laurent Joly et Jacques S\u00e9melin<\/p>\n<p class=\"su-standfirst chapeau\">La survie de 75&nbsp;% des Juifs de France n\u2019est pas \u00e0 porter au cr\u00e9dit de Vichy, mais aux Fran\u00e7ais et \u00e0 eux-m\u00eames. D\u00e9monstration par deux historiens sous forme de piq\u00fbre de rappel. Sur fond de pol\u00e9mique avec \u00c9ric Zemmour.<\/p>\n<div class=\"contenu-principal p402_premium \" id=\"article-detail\">\n<div class=\"su-article\">\n<p>Les chiffres ont \u00e9t\u00e9 avanc\u00e9s pour la premi\u00e8re fois par Serge Klarsfeld, pr\u00e9sident de l\u2019association Fils et filles de d\u00e9port\u00e9s juifs de France (FFDJF) : 75 % des Juifs de France, dont 85 % de nationalit\u00e9 fran\u00e7aise, ont surv\u00e9cu \u00e0 l\u2019extermination. Soit un peu plus de 200 000 individus. Changeons de perspective.<\/p>\n<p>En 1942, 40 000 Juifs, en majorit\u00e9 apatrides, ont \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9port\u00e9s. En 1943, ce chiffre baisse \u00e0 17 000 et s\u2019\u00e9tablit \u00e0 15 000 lors des six premiers mois de 1944 (en hausse, donc). Autrement dit, Vichy a mis \u00e0 disposition des nazis les forces n\u00e9cessaires \u00e0 l\u2019arrestation des Juifs, avant de relayer dans une moindre mesure leurs exigences, prouvant a contrario qu\u2019il \u00e9tait possible de leur tenir t\u00eate.<\/p>\n<p>De fait, pour le Reich, la priorit\u00e9 est le front de l\u2019Est, face \u00e0 l\u2019Arm\u00e9e rouge, et le Mur de l\u2019Atlantique, dans la perspective d\u2019un d\u00e9barquement. Vichy, de son c\u00f4t\u00e9, se consacre au transfert des travailleurs du STO et \u00e0 la r\u00e9pression des maquis. Seules une poign\u00e9e de collaborationnistes et la Milice poursuivent la traque jusqu\u2019\u00e0 la Lib\u00e9ration, avec malgr\u00e9 tout, de meilleurs <strong>\u00ab r\u00e9sultats \u00bb<\/strong>. Ce point d\u2019histoire, aujourd\u2019hui ma\u00eetris\u00e9, aurait pu \u00eatre clos. Il a \u00e9t\u00e9 relanc\u00e9 par le candidat \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9lection pr\u00e9sidentielle \u00c9ric Zemmour, pour qui Vichy a sacrifi\u00e9 les Juifs \u00e9trangers pour sauver les Juifs fran\u00e7ais.<\/p>\n<h2>Le militant moins convaincant que l\u2019historien<\/h2>\n<p>Dans <em>La Falsification de l\u2019Histoire<\/em>, Laurent Joly, l\u2019un des meilleurs historiens sur la question, met les points sur les \u00ab i \u00bb, comme il s\u2019y \u00e9tait d\u00e9j\u00e0 employ\u00e9 dans <em>L\u2019\u00c9tat contre les Juifs<\/em>. Ce bilan remarquable, tant par le mat\u00e9riau brass\u00e9, la restitution des drames humains et du r\u00f4le de chaque rouage administratif, entre carri\u00e8re et id\u00e9ologie, reste un mod\u00e8le du genre. Ici, l\u2019auteur change de registre, au moment o\u00f9, <strong>\u00ab jamais en cinquante ans [\u2026] l\u2019extr\u00eame droite n\u2019aura sembl\u00e9 aussi forte \u00bb<\/strong>. Si le <strong>\u00ab doctrinaire \u00bb<\/strong> (Zemmour) r\u00e9\u00e9crit l\u2019histoire, c\u2019est pour <strong>\u00ab r\u00e9unir droite et extr\u00eame droite \u00bb<\/strong>. Et pour <strong>\u00ab rendre acceptables des politiques d\u2019exception \u00bb<\/strong>, afin de <strong>\u00ab lib\u00e9rer la France de l\u2019invasion musulmane \u00bb<\/strong>. Lesquelles ? On reste sur sa faim.<\/p>\n<p>Le militant Joly convainc moins que l\u2019historien. Plut\u00f4t que du c\u00f4t\u00e9 de Maurras, les obsessions d\u2019\u00c9ric Zemmour ne trouvent-elles pas un d\u00e9but d\u2019explication dans sa frayeur de voir un jour les Fran\u00e7ais minoritaires, \u00e0 l\u2019instar des Juifs du Maghreb soumis \u00e0 la <strong>\u00ab dhimmitude \u00bb<\/strong>, ce statut discriminatoire r\u00e9serv\u00e9 aux non musulmans ? Sa d\u00e9fense acharn\u00e9e de l\u2019assimilation, mod\u00e8le d\u2019int\u00e9gration r\u00e9publicaine durement \u00e9corn\u00e9 par l\u2019abandon des Juifs sous Vichy, ne passe-t-elle pas par une absolution du gouvernement de P\u00e9tain, pour \u00eatre \u00e0 nouveau cr\u00e9dible ?<\/p>\n<h2>Les Juifs, \u00ab acteurs de leur survie \u00bb<\/h2>\n<p>Jacques S\u00e9melin s\u2019oppose, lui aussi, \u00e0 \u00c9ric Zemmour. Dans une tribune au <em>Monde<\/em>, l\u2019historien rappelle que le gouvernement collaborateur danois avait donn\u00e9 interdiction \u00e0 Berlin de toucher aux Juifs, rendant ainsi possible leur sauvetage. Les travaux de ce sp\u00e9cialiste des crimes de masse ont l\u2019originalit\u00e9 de s\u2019int\u00e9resser aux Juifs comme <strong>\u00ab acteurs de leur survie \u00bb<\/strong> et non comme victimes passives. Ce nouvel ouvrage passionnant est \u00e0 la fois la synth\u00e8se des pr\u00e9c\u00e9dents, le r\u00e9cit de ses entretiens avec son coll\u00e8gue am\u00e9ricain Robert Paxton, avec Robert Badinter, avec Serge Klarsfeld ou encore avec Simone Veil et l\u2019\u00e9laboration de ses th\u00e8ses. Privil\u00e9giant le <strong>\u00ab bas \u00bb<\/strong> (les individus) au <strong>\u00ab haut \u00bb<\/strong> (les relations entre les dirigeants de Vichy et du Reich), il d\u00e9taille les diff\u00e9rentes postures des juifs, entre <strong>\u00ab accommodation \u00bb<\/strong> (l\u2019enregistrement comme Juif), <strong>\u00ab ruse \u00bb<\/strong> (l\u2019usage de faux papiers), <strong>\u00ab fuite \u00bb<\/strong> (\u00e0 la campagne) ou <strong>\u00ab planque \u00bb<\/strong> (en ville). Il souligne le r\u00f4le extraordinaire des mouvements d\u2019entraide, du cur\u00e9 et de l\u2019instituteur, des r\u00e9seaux de sociabilit\u00e9 dans les milieux bourgeois, renversant l\u2019image d\u2019une <strong>\u00ab France de salauds \u00bb<\/strong> v\u00e9hicul\u00e9e par le film <em>Le Chagrin et la Piti\u00e9<\/em> (1969).<\/p>\n<p>Toujours dans la nuance et la complexit\u00e9, il constate, malgr\u00e9 tout, que dans les pays plac\u00e9s sous le contr\u00f4le de l\u2019occupant (Pays-Bas, Belgique), ou ceux o\u00f9 l\u2019\u00c9tat a \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9truit (Pologne, Lituanie), le taux d\u2019extermination des Juifs est beaucoup plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 que dans ceux qui ont collabor\u00e9 (Vichy, Danemark)\u2026 Il regrette que les \u00e9l\u00e8ves retiennent du discours de Chirac au V\u00e9l-d\u2019Hiv que la France est coupable, alors que seul Vichy l\u2019est. Plus que tout, il d\u00e9plore que notre pays soit confront\u00e9 \u00e0 un <strong>\u00ab mur m\u00e9moriel \u00bb<\/strong>, la m\u00e9moire sur cette \u00e9poque s\u2019\u00e9tant fix\u00e9e sur le g\u00e9nocide, plut\u00f4t que sur le sauvetage des Juifs.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Juifs sous Vichy&nbsp;: les \u00e9clairages historiques de Laurent Joly et Jacques S\u00e9melin La survie de 75&nbsp;% des Juifs de France n\u2019est pas \u00e0 porter au cr\u00e9dit de Vichy, mais aux Fran\u00e7ais et \u00e0 eux-m\u00eames. D\u00e9monstration par deux historiens sous forme de piq\u00fbre de rappel. Sur fond de pol\u00e9mique avec \u00c9ric Zemmour. Les chiffres ont \u00e9t\u00e9&hellip;&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":66548,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"neve_meta_sidebar":"","neve_meta_container":"","neve_meta_enable_content_width":"","neve_meta_content_width":0,"neve_meta_title_alignment":"","neve_meta_author_avatar":"","neve_post_elements_order":"","neve_meta_disable_header":"","neve_meta_disable_footer":"","neve_meta_disable_title":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-66547","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.6 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Juifs sous Vichy : les \u00e9clairages historiques de Laurent Joly et Jacques S\u00e9melin | HARISSA.COM<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Juifs sous Vichy&nbsp;: les \u00e9clairages 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