{"id":67271,"date":"2022-08-29T19:03:42","date_gmt":"2022-08-29T19:03:42","guid":{"rendered":""},"modified":"2022-08-29T19:03:42","modified_gmt":"2022-08-29T19:03:42","slug":"les-eglises-face-a-la-shoah-entre-silences-et-resistances","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/harissa.com\/news-wp\/les-eglises-face-a-la-shoah-entre-silences-et-resistances\/","title":{"rendered":"Les \u00c9glises face \u00e0 la Shoah : Entre silences et r\u00e9sistances"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Les \u00c9glises face \u00e0 la Shoah : Entre silences et r\u00e9sistances<\/p>\n

Une exposition \u00e0 Paris apporte de la nuance dans un d\u00e9bat souvent pol\u00e9mique : l\u2019attitude des chr\u00e9tiens pendant le g\u00e9nocide juif.<\/p>\n

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Par Sophie Laurant – Le Pelerin<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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Alors que l’heure semble faire la part belle aux opinions tranch\u00e9es, voici qu’au M\u00e9morial de la Shoah, \u00e0 Paris, se d\u00e9ploie un tr\u00e8s dense parcours d\u00e9cortiquant, de fa\u00e7on pr\u00e9cise et nuanc\u00e9e, l’attitude des \u00c9glises \u2013 et en particulier de l’\u00c9glise catholique \u2013 pendant le g\u00e9nocide juif. Les commissaires ont eu acc\u00e8s \u00e0 des archives in\u00e9dites provenant d’une quarantaine de mus\u00e9es, de congr\u00e9gations et surtout du Vatican o\u00f9 elles ne sont disponibles que depuis 2020. Ce propos courageux est aussi difficile \u00e0 pr\u00e9senter, les documents en papier n’\u00e9tant pas les objets les plus attrayants pour les visiteurs. Il faut donc prendre son temps, car il y a beaucoup \u00e0 lire. Mais des panneaux tr\u00e8s p\u00e9dagogiques et de nombreuses photographies ou films scandent le parcours.<\/p>\n

\u00ab\u00a0En France, l’\u00e9lite religieuse des ann\u00e9es 1940 a grandi \u00e0 la fin du XIXe si\u00e8cle et a \u00e9t\u00e9 tr\u00e8s marqu\u00e9e par la s\u00e9paration de l’\u00c9glise et de l’\u00c9tat en 1905\u00a0\u00bb, explique Caroline Fran\u00e7ois, co-commissaire. Au moment de la d\u00e9faite, la R\u00e9volution nationale de Philippe P\u00e9tain qui appelle \u00e0 un sursaut moral ne peut que leur parler. Au niveau europ\u00e9en, la naissance de l’URSS et la progression des id\u00e9es communistes ath\u00e9es font autant peur, sinon plus, que la mont\u00e9e des fascismes. Le tout, sur un fonds culturel d’antijuda\u00efsme chr\u00e9tien h\u00e9rit\u00e9 du Moyen \u00c2ge qui facilite l’antis\u00e9mitisme racial de ces partis. \u00ab\u00a0Nous avons voulu revenir sur le contexte, souligne Caroline Fran\u00e7ois, pour ensuite parler des silences, des actions et des protestations qui ont travers\u00e9 les \u00c9glises. Car pour chaque confession, le message n’est pas univoque ; ni selon que l’on parle des fid\u00e8les, des hi\u00e9rarchies, des diff\u00e9rents pays europ\u00e9ens. Et les attitudes ont \u00e9volu\u00e9 au fil du temps.\u00a0\u00bb<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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Les protestants, premiers \u00e0 r\u00e9agir<\/h2>\n

Les protestants, que leur pass\u00e9 de minorit\u00e9 pers\u00e9cut\u00e9e et leur familiarit\u00e9 avec la Bible rapprochent des juifs, seront les premiers \u00e0 r\u00e9agir: d\u00e8s mars 1941, le pasteur Marc Boegner (1881-1970), pr\u00e9sident de la F\u00e9d\u00e9ration protestante de France, \u00e9crit une lettre de soutien au grand rabbin, dans laquelle il d\u00e9plore \u00ab\u00a0le principe raciste\u00a0\u00bb du statut des juifs vot\u00e9 par Vichy. Une vitrine en pr\u00e9sente une copie manuscrite, effectu\u00e9e par une r\u00e9fugi\u00e9e juive au village r\u00e9sistant du Chambon-sur-Lignon (Haute-Loire), preuve \u00e9mouvante de son importance et de sa diffusion.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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Les grandes rafles, un tournant<\/h2>\n

\u00ab\u00a0Ce sont les grandes rafles de 1942 qui vont faire basculer l’opinion publique en g\u00e9n\u00e9ral, et les chr\u00e9tiens en particulier\u00a0\u00bb, pr\u00e9cise Caroline Fran\u00e7ois. \u00ab\u00a0Choqu\u00e9s par les arrestations de familles enti\u00e8res, des \u00e9v\u00eaques se concertent en zone Sud et cinq d’entre eux font lire en chaire une lettre de protestation.\u00a0\u00bb Puis elle ajoute: \u00ab\u00a0Cinq c’est peu, mais parmi eux il y a de grandes figures comme Mgr Pierre Gerlier, primat des Gaules et Mgr Jules Sali\u00e8ge, archev\u00eaque de Toulouse (Haute-Garonne). Surtout, elle sera imm\u00e9diatement ron\u00e9otyp\u00e9e et m\u00eame recopi\u00e9e en s\u00e9rie par des \u00e9l\u00e8ves des \u00e9coles catholiques!\u00a0\u00bb Le brouillon annot\u00e9 de celle de Mgr Pierre-Marie Th\u00e9as, \u00e9v\u00eaque de Montauban (Tarn-et-Garonne),  montre l’engagement personnel de ces pr\u00e9lats.<\/p>\n

\u00c0 partir de l\u00e0, nombreux seront les chr\u00e9tiens qui rejoindront les r\u00e9seaux de sauvetage des juifs et les congr\u00e9gations qui les cacheront. Quelques objets comme l’autel portatif du p\u00e8re Jacques, prisonnier parmi les autres au camp de Compi\u00e8gne (Oise), rappellent que ce n’\u00e9tait pas sans risque.<\/p>\n

En fin de parcours, \u00e0 travers l’affaire de la pi\u00e8ce de th\u00e9\u00e2tre pol\u00e9mique de 1963, Le vicaire<\/em>, est abord\u00e9 le r\u00f4le de Pie XII. L’exposition, l\u00e0 encore, \u00e9claire le silence du pape: \u00ab\u00a0Il laisse se d\u00e9velopper l’aide humanitaire, mais pratique une diplomatie prudente, car il cherche avant tout \u00e0 \u00e9viter des repr\u00e9sailles de Hitler contre les catholiques\u00a0\u00bb, r\u00e9sume la commissaire. On repense cependant au texte du journal r\u00e9sistant Combat<\/em>, en 1944: \u00ab\u00a0Nous voulions que l’esprit f\u00eet ses preuves avant que la force v\u00eent l’appuyer et lui donner raison.\u00a0\u00bb Des regrets que les \u00e9v\u00eaques fran\u00e7ais reprirent \u00e0 leur tour, lors d’une c\u00e9r\u00e9monie en 1997, \u00e0 Drancy (Seine-Saint-Denis).<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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L’exposition<\/h2>\n

\u00ab\u00a0\u00c0 la gr\u00e2ce de Dieu\u00a0\u00bb: Les \u00c9glises et la Shoah<\/b><\/i><\/p>\n

Jusqu’au 26 f\u00e9vrier 2023.
\n17 rue Geoffroy l’Asnier 75004 Paris
\nT\u00e9l.: 01 42 77 44 72<\/i><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Les \u00c9glises face \u00e0 la Shoah : Entre silences et r\u00e9sistances Une exposition \u00e0 Paris apporte de la nuance dans un d\u00e9bat souvent pol\u00e9mique : l\u2019attitude des chr\u00e9tiens pendant le g\u00e9nocide juif. Par Sophie Laurant – Le Pelerin Alors que l’heure semble faire la part belle aux opinions tranch\u00e9es, voici qu’au M\u00e9morial de la Shoah,… <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":67272,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"neve_meta_sidebar":"","neve_meta_container":"","neve_meta_enable_content_width":"","neve_meta_content_width":0,"neve_meta_title_alignment":"","neve_meta_author_avatar":"","neve_post_elements_order":"","neve_meta_disable_header":"","neve_meta_disable_footer":"","neve_meta_disable_title":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-67271","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"yoast_head":"\nLes \u00c9glises face \u00e0 la Shoah : Entre silences et r\u00e9sistances | HARISSA.COM<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Les \u00c9glises face \u00e0 la Shoah : Entre silences et r\u00e9sistances Une exposition 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