{"id":69497,"date":"2024-04-20T15:47:09","date_gmt":"2024-04-20T15:47:09","guid":{"rendered":""},"modified":"2024-04-20T15:47:09","modified_gmt":"2024-04-20T15:47:09","slug":"judaisme-origine-livre-saint-croyances","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/harissa.com\/news-wp\/judaisme-origine-livre-saint-croyances\/","title":{"rendered":"Judaisme: origine, livre saint, croyances"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Juda\u00efsme: origine, livre saint, croyances<\/p>\n<article id=\"post-583\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.hupso.com\/share\/\"><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Share Button\" src=\"https:\/\/static.hupso.com\/share\/buttons\/dot.png\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>D\u00e9couvrez comment le juda\u00efsme est n\u00e9, quelles sont ses doctrines, les livres sacr\u00e9s, etc.<\/p>\n<h2>L\u2019origine du judaisme<\/h2>\n<p>Elle remonte \u00e0&nbsp;<strong>Abraham<\/strong>. Cet homme qui vivait en M\u00e9sopotamie environ 2000 ans avant J\u00e9sus-Christ \u00e9tait monoth\u00e9iste (contrairement \u00e0 tous les gens de son \u00e9poque) et il re\u00e7ut un appel de Dieu&nbsp;pour partir de son pays idol\u00e2tre pour aller ailleurs. Dieu lui promet une descendance nombreuse qui h\u00e9ritera pour toujours d\u2019un pays promis. Cette promesse est confirm\u00e9e par Dieu \u00e0 son fils&nbsp;<strong>Isaac<\/strong>&nbsp;et au fils de celui-ci,&nbsp;<strong>Jacob<\/strong>. Jacob recevra plus tard de Dieu le nom d\u2019<strong>Isra\u00ebl<\/strong>, nom qu\u2019il transmettra \u00e0 sa descendance&nbsp;: le peuple Juif.<\/p>\n<p>Cette promesse est en fait une alliance, d\u2019abord personnelle envers les \u00ab&nbsp;patriarches&nbsp;\u00bb (les trois anc\u00eatres) puis g\u00e9n\u00e9rale envers tout le peuple&nbsp;: Dieu a choisi ce peuple d\u2019entre tous les autres pour s\u2019allier \u00e0 lui, le b\u00e9nir, lui donner un pays et en faire une grande nation, \u00e0 condition que tous lui ob\u00e9issent et suivent ses lois. L\u2019alliance envers le peuple est perp\u00e9tr\u00e9e par&nbsp;<strong>Mo\u00efse<\/strong>, lors de la sortie d\u2019Egypte, o\u00f9 les H\u00e9breux \u00e9taient en esclavage.&nbsp;<strong>Dieu leur donnera Sa loi<\/strong>&nbsp;\u00e0 accomplir&nbsp;: ce sont les&nbsp;dix commandements. Nous sommes aux environs de \u20131450 avant J.C..<\/p>\n<p>Le pays de Canaan (l\u2019Isra\u00ebl de l\u2019\u00e9poque) est alors conquis et les H\u00e9breux s\u2019y installent. Le roi David (celui qui vainquit le g\u00e9ant Goliath) fera de la ville de&nbsp;<strong>J\u00e9rusalem<\/strong>&nbsp;la capitale d\u2019Isra\u00ebl vers l\u2019an 1000 avant J.C et son fils, le roi Salomon, y construira un&nbsp;<strong>temple<\/strong>&nbsp;\u00e0 Yahv\u00e9. L\u2019ob\u00e9issance \u00e0 Dieu n\u2019est pas seulement valable pour la vie religieuse. Elle concerne et r\u00e9git toute la vie quotidienne. \u00catre Juif, c\u2019est plus qu\u2019une nationalit\u00e9&nbsp;: c\u2019est une identit\u00e9 tr\u00e8s profonde, marqu\u00e9e dans la chair depuis la naissance (la circoncision), li\u00e9e \u00e0 une appartenance au peuple choisi par Dieu, li\u00e9 \u00e0 une terre donn\u00e9e par Dieu.<\/p>\n<p>Les H\u00e9breux occuperont leur pays jusqu\u2019en \u2013686, date \u00e0 laquelle le roi de Babylone, Nabuchodonosor, en train de conqu\u00e9rir la r\u00e9gion, envahit la contr\u00e9e, pille J\u00e9rusalem et rase le temple. Une grande partie de la population juive sera d\u00e9port\u00e9e et dispers\u00e9e dans le Moyen Orient. C\u2019est la&nbsp;<strong>diaspora<\/strong>. Une partie du peuple reviendra plusieurs ann\u00e9es apr\u00e8s et reconstruira ce qu\u2019on appelle le second temple, qui restera en place jusqu\u2019en 70 de notre \u00e8re. Mais depuis cette \u00e9poque, les H\u00e9breux seront assujettis aux diff\u00e9rents conqu\u00e9rants occupant ces r\u00e9gions (les Perses, puis les Grecs et les Romains, et enfin les Chr\u00e9tiens et les Arabes). \u00c0 cause de la destruction du temple, les pratiques religieuses changent. Des lieux de culte sont cr\u00e9\u00e9s l\u00e0 o\u00f9 r\u00e9sident les Juifs \u00e0 travers le monde&nbsp;: les&nbsp;<strong>synagogues<\/strong>. Les sacrifices d\u2019animaux, qui avaient une \u00e9norme importance vis-\u00e0-vis de Dieu, sont abolis et remplac\u00e9s par des symboles (le pain et le vin).<\/p>\n<p>Ce n\u2019est qu\u2019en 1948 que les Juifs retrouveront l\u2019autonomie de leur terre et ce n\u2019est qu\u2019en 1967 qu\u2019ils pourront faire de nouveau de J\u00e9rusalem leur capitale. Seule l\u2019esplanade du temple ne leur appartient pas encore, puisqu\u2019elle est la propri\u00e9t\u00e9 des Arabes, qui y ont b\u00e2ti un mausol\u00e9e et une mosqu\u00e9e en 690 et 717 apr\u00e8s J.C..<\/p>\n<h2>Les croyances des Juifs<\/h2>\n<p>La foi juive repose sur la R\u00e9v\u00e9lation que Dieu leur a donn\u00e9e. Le credo juif (confession de foi) commence comme cela&nbsp;: \u00ab&nbsp;<em>Isra\u00ebl \u00e9coute, l\u2019Eternel est notre&nbsp;<strong>Dieu, l\u2019Eternel est Un<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/em>\u00bb. Ce Dieu s\u2019appelle Yahv\u00e9, mais on ne prononce jamais son nom. On s\u2019adresse \u00e0 lui en disant&nbsp;: Seigneur, Eternel. Il est cr\u00e9ateur de tout l\u2019univers et de tout ce qui vit. Il est tout-puissant, saint (c\u2019est-\u00e0-dire sans pr\u00e9sence du mal en lui) et juste. Il jugera les hommes \u00e0 la fin du monde. Mais il est aussi \u00ab&nbsp;<em>mis\u00e9ricordieux et compatissant, lent \u00e0 la col\u00e8re, riche en bont\u00e9 et en fid\u00e9lit\u00e9<\/em>&nbsp;\u00bb (Exode 34&nbsp;: 6). C\u2019est un Dieu qui voit tout, entend tout, et parle \u00e0 ses cr\u00e9atures. Il donne son Esprit-Saint aux hommes qu\u2019il choisit pour des missions sp\u00e9ciales, aux proph\u00e8tes et aux rois notamment.<\/p>\n<p>L\u2019Isra\u00eblite consid\u00e8re que l\u2019<strong>homme<\/strong>, cr\u00e9\u00e9 \u00e0 l\u2019image de Dieu (Gen\u00e8se 1:27), est fondamentalement bon. Contrairement au Christianisme, le Juda\u00efsme ne croit pas au \u00ab&nbsp;p\u00e9ch\u00e9 originel&nbsp;\u00bb, l\u2019ind\u00e9pendance de l\u2019homme envers Dieu, qui aurait entra\u00een\u00e9 la pr\u00e9sence du mal en l\u2019homme. Toutefois, le&nbsp;<strong>p\u00e9ch\u00e9<\/strong>&nbsp;existe dans cette religion, mais il est consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme \u00e9tant de nature ext\u00e9rieure \u00e0 l\u2019homme. L\u2019homme est tent\u00e9 par lui et il peut y succomber, ce qui l\u2019am\u00e8ne \u00e0 mal se conduire. La col\u00e8re de Dieu s\u2019enflamme alors contre le p\u00e9cheur, qui sera condamn\u00e9 et qui pourra ne pas aller au Paradis (selon la gravit\u00e9 de ses fautes).<\/p>\n<p>Le&nbsp;<strong>salut<\/strong>&nbsp;est propos\u00e9 \u00e0 l\u2019homme par le moyen de l\u2019ob\u00e9issance \u00e0 la loi et (anciennement) gr\u00e2ce aux sacrifices d\u2019animaux qui lui assurent le pardon de ses p\u00e9ch\u00e9s. Quatre sacrifices \u00e9taient prescrits par la loi, selon le type d\u2019offense commise envers Dieu ou le prochain. Actuellement ils sont remplac\u00e9s par la lecture de la Thora et diverses p\u00e9nitences. Si l\u2019on accomplit parfaitement les ordonnances que prescrit la loi, que l\u2019on fasse r\u00e9guli\u00e8rement des p\u00e9nitences pour le pardon de ses p\u00e9ch\u00e9s et que l\u2019on respecte la pratique des f\u00eates saintes (7 au total dans l\u2019ann\u00e9e), alors le salut est possible. Toutefois le Juif ne peut en avoir l\u2019assurance car Dieu seul est juge.<\/p>\n<p>Le&nbsp;<strong>paradis<\/strong>&nbsp;est un lieu de f\u00e9licit\u00e9 dans la pr\u00e9sence de Dieu. Il est r\u00e9serv\u00e9 aux \u00eatres humains que Dieu trouvera m\u00e9ritants pour cela. A contrario, le m\u00e9chant ne peut qu\u2019envisager l\u2019<strong>enfer<\/strong>&nbsp;: lieu de tourments o\u00f9 il br\u00fblera sans se consumer.<\/p>\n<h2>Les textes sacr\u00e9s Juifs<\/h2>\n<p>L<strong>e Tanakh<\/strong>&nbsp;est la Bible juive (Ancien Testament des Chr\u00e9tiens), qui&nbsp; comprend la loi (c\u2019est-\u00e0-dire les cinq livres \u00e9crits par Mo\u00efse, et incluant la loi donn\u00e9e par Dieu au mont Sina\u00ef), les proph\u00e8tes et les autres \u00e9crits (r\u00e9cits de l\u2019histoire du peuple depuis la sortie d\u2019Egypte jusqu\u2019\u00e0 l\u2019exil).<\/p>\n<p>Le&nbsp;<strong>Talmud<\/strong>&nbsp;est une compilation des traditions relatives \u00e0 l\u2019observance de la loi. Il comprend le Misdrasch (l\u2019interpr\u00e9tation par les rabbins de la loi au niveau pratique) et la Haggada (interpr\u00e9tation de la loi au niveau historique). C\u2019est lui qui r\u00e9glemente les moindres faits et gestes de la vie courante (chose \u00e0 faire, \u00e0 manger ou \u00e0 porter pour \u00eatre un Juif pieux). Si l\u2019Ancien Testament a \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9dig\u00e9 entre \u20131500 et \u2013500 avant J.C., la composition finale du Talmud a \u00e9t\u00e9 faite au IV\u00e8me si\u00e8cle apr\u00e8s J.C.. Les deux textes sont consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme inspir\u00e9s par Dieu pour leur r\u00e9daction, m\u00eame si la Torah est plus \u00ab&nbsp;sacr\u00e9e&nbsp;\u00bb que le Talmud.<\/p>\n<\/article>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Juda\u00efsme: origine, livre saint, croyances D\u00e9couvrez comment le juda\u00efsme est n\u00e9, quelles sont ses doctrines, les livres sacr\u00e9s, etc. L\u2019origine du judaisme Elle remonte \u00e0&nbsp;Abraham. Cet homme qui vivait en M\u00e9sopotamie environ 2000 ans avant J\u00e9sus-Christ \u00e9tait monoth\u00e9iste (contrairement \u00e0 tous les gens de son \u00e9poque) et il re\u00e7ut un appel de Dieu&nbsp;pour partir de&hellip;&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":69498,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"neve_meta_sidebar":"","neve_meta_container":"","neve_meta_enable_content_width":"","neve_meta_content_width":0,"neve_meta_title_alignment":"","neve_meta_author_avatar":"","neve_post_elements_order":"","neve_meta_disable_header":"","neve_meta_disable_footer":"","neve_meta_disable_title":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-69497","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.6 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Judaisme: 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