{"id":6999,"date":"2015-06-25T03:29:18","date_gmt":"2015-06-25T03:29:18","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/harissa.com\/news-wp\/?p=6999"},"modified":"2016-05-17T18:57:16","modified_gmt":"2016-05-17T18:57:16","slug":"parlez-vous-carthaginois","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/harissa.com\/news-wp\/parlez-vous-carthaginois\/","title":{"rendered":"Parlez-vous Carthaginois ?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\n\tParlez-vous Carthaginois ?<\/p>\n<p>\n\t&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\n\t<strong>La langue maghr&eacute;bia date de plus de 25 si&egrave;cles !!<\/strong><\/p>\n<div id=\"post-body-7538841092495929563\" itemprop=\"description articleBody\">\n<div dir=\"ltr\" trbidi=\"on\">\n<p>\n\t\t\tLa Numidie carthaginoise (Alg&eacute;rie &ndash; Tunisie) a jou&eacute; un tr&egrave;s grand r&ocirc;le dans le monde antique. Elle a eu une forte influence culturelle au cours d&#39;un itin&eacute;raire marqu&eacute; par une grande long&eacute;vit&eacute; historique (plus de 1.000 ans). La place privil&eacute;gi&eacute;e qu&#39;elle a occup&eacute;e &agrave; l&#39;&eacute;poque&nbsp;pr&eacute;-romaine&nbsp;est li&eacute;e au destin exceptionnel de Carthage, &nbsp;qui a profond&eacute;ment marqu&eacute; de son empreinte des domaines aussi divers que la langue, l&rsquo;&eacute;criture, l&#39;agriculture, l&#39;artisanat, la navigation, le commerce, la religion, les institutions politiques et l&#39;art.<\/p>\n<p>\n\t\t\t<br \/>\n\t\t\tLa prestigieuse m&eacute;tropole &eacute;tait &agrave; la t&ecirc;te d&#39;un empire couvrant le Maghreb, les grandes &icirc;les m&eacute;diterran&eacute;ennes, et une partie de l&#39;Europe, &nbsp;etdes Carthaginois auraient m&ecirc;me d&eacute;couvert l&rsquo;Am&eacute;rique 1500 ans avant Christophe Colomb !&nbsp;En effet, apr&egrave;s la prise de Carthage par les Romains, en l&rsquo;an 147 avant J.C., un groupe de&nbsp; Carthaginois partit en exil et s&rsquo;installa dans des comptoirs atlantiques (au Maroc actuel), &agrave; partir desquels ce groupe&nbsp;aurait&nbsp;entam&eacute; une croisi&egrave;re de trois ans, au large de l&rsquo;Oc&eacute;an Atlantique, pour parvenir &agrave; une&nbsp; terre ferme , qui s&rsquo;appellera le Br&eacute;sil.<\/p>\n<p>\n\t\t\t<strong>L&#39;h&eacute;ritage linguistique punique<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\n\t\t\tLa langue berb&egrave;re de nos premiers anc&ecirc;tres est devenue minoritaire aujourd&#39;hui.&nbsp;Quasiment &eacute;radiqu&eacute;e en Tunisie, elle est bien vivante au Maroc et en Alg&eacute;rie. On conna&icirc;t au moins un glossaire agricole d&#39;inspiration punique dans le kabyle moderne. On a identifi&eacute; un nombre cons&eacute;quent de patronymes berb&egrave;res dans les st&egrave;les &eacute;crites en punique et vice-versa. La question du rapport linguistique entre le berb&egrave;re et le punique est un champ complexe. Parall&egrave;lement &agrave; la langue, comment peut-on ne pas &ecirc;tre saisi par la pr&eacute;sence obs&eacute;dante du signe de Tanit dans les bijoux berb&egrave;res traditionnels ? Que dire des poteries kabyles &agrave; &quot;oreilles&quot;, et de &quot;la main de fatma&quot;, copie conforme du symbole punique ?<\/p>\n<p>\n\t\t\t&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\n\t\t\tLes Maghr&eacute;bins parlent, en majorit&eacute;, une langue commune, la&nbsp;darija&nbsp;ou&nbsp;derji.&nbsp;Cet ensemble de parlers populaires est appel&eacute;&nbsp;maghribi&nbsp;par les linguistes, ou langue&nbsp;maghribia&nbsp;ou&nbsp;maghr&eacute;bia.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\n\t\t\tDans ce qui suit, nous allons nous int&eacute;resser tout particuli&egrave;rement &agrave; un lexique punique traduit en fran&ccedil;ais et en maghr&eacute;bi. En examinant cette liste de mots puniques, nous constatons la parent&eacute;, et m&ecirc;me parfois l&rsquo;identit&eacute;, des mots dans les trois langues&nbsp;: punique, maghr&eacute;bia, arabe. On remarquera aussi que plusieurs termes puniques se retrouvent dans la maghr&eacute;bia actuelle parl&eacute;e dans nos campagnes. Les mots puniques sont souvent exactement les m&ecirc;mes que nous utilisons aujourd&#39;hui.&nbsp;Plusieurs si&egrave;cles plus tard, la langue arabe reprendra les m&ecirc;mes mots.<\/p>\n<div>\n<p>\n\t\t\t\t&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\n\t\t\t\tCet aspect linguistique explique pourquoi &laquo;&nbsp;l&rsquo;arabisation&nbsp;&raquo; de la Numidie s&rsquo;est faite rapidement et facilement. En fait d&#39;arabisation, les populations punico-berb&egrave;re des villes et des c&ocirc;tes parlaient d&eacute;j&agrave; le Maghr&eacute;bi, une langue tr&egrave;s proche de l&#39;arabe, car ces deux langues sont issues d&#39;une m&ecirc;me souche : la langue ph&eacute;nicienne, branche majeure de la famille s&eacute;mitique.&nbsp;On conna&icirc;t les fameux exemples : Utique signifie,&nbsp;\u0639\u062a\u064a\u0642\u0629, Carthage&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0629\u062d\u062f\u0627\u0634&nbsp;,&nbsp; Qariat Haddach ou&nbsp; Qaria Haditha (Cit&eacute; nouvelle).<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<p>\n\t\t\tLe lexique suivant vient d&rsquo;un dictionnaire sur Internet&nbsp;:<a href=\"http:\/\/www.canaanite.org\/dictionary\/\">http:\/\/www.canaanite.org\/dictionary\/<\/a>. Nous y avons remplac&eacute; l&rsquo;anglais par le fran&ccedil;ais. En rouge, figure le mot punique,&nbsp;translitt&eacute;r&eacute; (r&eacute;-&eacute;crit) en caract&egrave;res latins.<\/p>\n<p>\n\t\t\t&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\n\t\t\t&nbsp;A&nbsp;travers&nbsp; (\u0639\u0628\u0631)&nbsp;XBR, Prononc&eacute;, &quot;Xabr&quot;, &quot;\u0639\u0628\u0631&quot;<\/p>\n<p>\n\t\t\t&nbsp;Abondance&nbsp;(&nbsp;\u0648\u064e\u0641\u0652\u0631\u064e\u0629)&nbsp;:&nbsp;CBX, Prononc&eacute; &laquo;Cabax&nbsp;&raquo;&nbsp;; &laquo;&nbsp;&nbsp;\u0634\u0628\u0639&nbsp;&raquo;&nbsp;;&nbsp; PQT, Prononc&eacute; &laquo; Paqta;\u0628\u0642\u062a\u0627&nbsp;&raquo;&nbsp; avec P;<\/p>\n<p>\n\t\t\t&nbsp;Adam&nbsp; (&nbsp;\u0622\u062f\u0645) `&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;DM, Prononc&eacute; &quot;&Ecirc;dem&quot;, Le premier homme<\/p>\n<p>\n\t\t\t&nbsp;Adjacent&nbsp; (\u0645\u064f\u062a\u064e\u0627\u062e\u0650\u0645&nbsp;,&nbsp;\u0645\u064f\u062a\u064e\u0651\u0635\u0650\u0644) `&nbsp;\u1e60L, Prononc&eacute; &quot;A\u1e61l&quot;, &quot;\u0623\u0635\u0644&quot; Synonyme: Mitoyen, Proche, Limitrophe<\/p>\n<p>\n\t\t\t&nbsp;Adroit, Fin (\u0645\u0627\u0647\u0631)&nbsp;MHR, Prononc&eacute; &quot;Mehir&quot;, &quot;\u0645\u0627\u0647\u0631&quot;<\/p>\n<div>\n<p>\n\t\t\t\t&nbsp;Affable,&nbsp;gentil (\u0631\u064e\u062d\u064f\u0648\u0645,&nbsp;\u062d\u0646\u0648\u0646)&nbsp;HNN, Prononc&eacute; &quot;hanoun&quot;, &quot;\u062d\u0646\u0648\u0646&quot;<\/p>\n<p>\n\t\t\t\t&nbsp;Agrandir&nbsp;(\u0643\u064e\u0628\u064f\u0631\u064e&nbsp;,&nbsp;\u0648\u0633\u0639)&nbsp;RhB, Prononc&eacute; &quot;Rahab&quot;, &quot;\u0631\u062d\u0628&quot;<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<p>\n\t\t\t&nbsp;Aide&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; (\u0645\u064f\u0633\u064e\u0627\u0639\u064e\u062f\u064e\u0629&nbsp;,&nbsp;\u0645\u064f\u0639\u064e\u0627\u0648\u064e\u0646\u064e\u0629) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;XZR, Prononc&eacute; &quot;Xazar&quot;, &quot;\u0639\u0627\u0632\u0631&quot;<\/p>\n<p>\n\t\t\t&nbsp;Aider&nbsp; (\u0633\u0627\u0639\u064e\u062f\u064e&nbsp;,&nbsp;\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064e\u062f\u064e&nbsp;,&nbsp;\u0639\u0627\u0648\u064e\u0646\u064e)&nbsp;XZR, Prononc&eacute; &quot;Xazar&quot;, &quot;\u0639\u0627\u0632\u0631&quot;)&nbsp;XZRT, Prononc&eacute; &quot;Xezrat&quot;, &quot;\u0639\u0632\u0631\u062a&quot;<\/p>\n<div>\n<p>\n\t\t\t\t&nbsp;Aller&nbsp;(\u0625\u0630\u0647\u0628\u060c&nbsp;\u0625\u0646\u0635\u0631\u0641)&nbsp;R\u1e22, Prononc&eacute; &quot;Rouh&quot;, &quot;\u0631\u062d&quot;<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<p>\n\t\t\t&nbsp;Allumeur&nbsp;de lampe&nbsp; (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u064a\u0621)&nbsp;MQDh, Prononc&eacute; &quot;Miqdeh&quot;, &quot;\u0645\u0642\u062f\u062d&quot;<\/p>\n<p>\n\t\t\t&nbsp;Amour&nbsp; (\u062d\u0628)&nbsp;\u1e22HB, Prononc&eacute; &quot;Hob&quot;, &quot;\u062d\u0628&quot;<\/p>\n<p>\n\t\t\t&nbsp;Amoureux&nbsp; (\u0645\u064f\u062d\u064e\u0628\u0651&nbsp;,&nbsp;\u062d\u064e\u0628\u0650\u064a\u0628)&nbsp;MHB, Prononc&eacute; &quot;Mouhib&quot;, &quot;\u0645\u062d\u0628&quot;<\/p>\n<p>\n\t\t\t&nbsp;Anc&ecirc;tre&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; (\u0623\u064e\u0633\u0652\u0644\u0627\u0641&nbsp;,&nbsp;\u062c\u064e\u062f\u0651&nbsp;,&nbsp;\u062c\u064e\u062f\u064c\u0651&nbsp;\u0623\u064e\u0639\u0652\u0644\u064e\u0649&nbsp;,&nbsp;\u0633\u064e\u0644\u064e\u0641)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;`B, Prononc&eacute; &quot;Ab&quot;, &quot;\u0623\u0628&quot; . Voir aussi : P&egrave;re<\/p>\n<p>\n\t\t\t&nbsp;Ancien,&nbsp;Vieux&nbsp; (\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645)&nbsp;QDM, Prononc&eacute; &quot;Qadiim&quot;, &quot;\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645&quot;<\/p>\n<p>\n\t\t\t&nbsp;Argent&nbsp; (\u0641\u0636\u0629)&nbsp;KSP, Prononc&eacute; &quot;Kesep&quot;, &quot;\u0643\u0633\u0627\u0628&quot;, avec&nbsp; P non B &agrave; la fin<\/p>\n<p>\n\t\t\t&nbsp;Autel&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; (\u0645\u0630\u0628\u062d)&nbsp;&nbsp;MZB\u1e22, Prononc&eacute; &quot;Mazba\u1e23&quot;, &quot;Mazba&quot;, &quot;\u0645\u0632\u0628\u062d&quot;<\/p>\n<p>\n\t\t\t&nbsp;Barbe&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; (\u0644\u0650\u062d\u0652\u064a\u064e\u0629)&nbsp;&nbsp;ZQN, Prononc&eacute; &quot;Zaqn&quot;, &quot;\u0632\u0642\u0646&quot;, devient menton en arabe<\/p>\n<p>\n\t\t\t&nbsp;Bataille&nbsp; (\u062d\u064e\u0631\u0652\u0628&nbsp;,&nbsp;\u0645\u064e\u0639\u0652\u0631\u064e\u0643\u064e\u0629)&nbsp;&nbsp;ML\u1e22MT, Prononc&eacute; &quot;Mal\u1e23amit&quot;, &quot;\u0645\u0644\u062d\u0645\u062a&quot;<\/p>\n<div>\n<p>\n\t\t\t\t&nbsp;B&acirc;tir&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; (\u0623\u064e\u0634\u064e\u0627\u062f\u064e&nbsp;,&nbsp;\u0623\u064e\u0642\u064e\u0627\u0645\u064e&nbsp;,&nbsp;\u0623\u064e\u0646\u0652\u0634\u064e\u0623\u064e&nbsp;,&nbsp;\u0628\u064e\u0646\u064e\u0649)&nbsp;BNY, Prononc&eacute; &quot;Bini&quot;, &quot;\u0628\u0646\u064a&quot;<\/p>\n<p>\n\t\t\t\t&nbsp;B&acirc;tir,&nbsp;&eacute;riger (\u0623\u064e\u0634\u064e\u0627\u062f\u064e&nbsp;,&nbsp;\u0623\u064e\u0642\u064e\u0627\u0645\u064e&nbsp;,&nbsp;\u0623\u064e\u0646\u0652\u0634\u064e\u0623\u064e&nbsp;,&nbsp;\u0628\u064e\u0646\u064e\u0649)&nbsp;BNY, Prononc&eacute; &quot;Bini&quot;, &quot;\u0628\u0646\u064a&quot;&nbsp;;&nbsp;NsB, Prononc&eacute; &quot;Nasab&quot;, &quot;\u0646\u0635\u0628&quot;<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<p>\n\t\t\t&nbsp;B&eacute;lier&nbsp; (\u0627\u0644\u0652\u0648\u064e\u0639\u0650\u0644&nbsp;,&nbsp;\u0623\u064a\u0644)&nbsp;`YL, Prononc&eacute; &quot;Ayyil&quot;, &quot;\u0623\u064a\u0644&quot;&nbsp; YBL, Prononc&eacute; &quot;Yibil&quot;, &quot;\u064a\u0628\u0644&quot;<\/p>\n<div>\n<p>\n\t\t\t\t&nbsp;B&eacute;n&eacute;diction&nbsp;(\u0628\u0631\u0643\u0629)&nbsp;BRKT, Prononc&eacute; &quot;Bark&ecirc;t&quot;, &quot;\u0628\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a&quot; ; NXMT, Prononc&eacute; &quot;Nixmet&quot;, &quot;\u0646\u0639\u0645\u062a&quot;<\/p>\n<p>\n\t\t\t\t&nbsp;B&eacute;nir&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; (\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0643) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;BRK, Prononc&eacute; &quot;Birek&quot;, &quot;\u0628\u0649&nbsp;\u0631\u0643&quot;<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<p>\n\t\t\t&nbsp;Blanc&nbsp; (\u0623\u064e\u0628\u0652\u064a\u064e\u0636)&nbsp;LBN, Prononc&eacute; &quot;Laban&quot;, &quot;\u0644\u0628\u0646&quot;<\/p>\n<div>\n<p>\n\t\t\t\t&nbsp;Bon&nbsp;(\u062c\u064a\u062f)&nbsp;MNH, Prononc&eacute; &quot;Mniih&quot;, &quot;\u0645\u0646\u064a\u062d&quot;<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<p>\n\t\t\t&nbsp;Bouclier&nbsp; (\u0645\u0650\u062c\u064e\u0646\u0651&nbsp;,&nbsp;\u062f\u0650\u0631\u0652\u0639)&nbsp;MJN, Prononc&eacute; &quot;Mjann&quot;, &quot;\u0645\u062c\u0646&quot;<\/p>\n<p>\n\t\t\t&nbsp;Bouger&nbsp; (\u062a\u062d\u0631\u0643)&nbsp;RGL, Prononc&eacute; &quot;Rajal&quot;, &quot;\u0631\u062c\u0644&quot;<\/p>\n<p>\n\t\t\t&nbsp;Bovins&nbsp;&nbsp; (\u0645\u0627\u0634\u0650\u064a\u064e\u0629,&nbsp;\u0628\u0642\u0631)&nbsp;BQR, Prononc&eacute; &quot;Baqar&quot;, &quot;\u0628\u0642\u0631&quot;,<\/p>\n<p>\n\t\t\t&nbsp;Bras&nbsp;&nbsp; (&nbsp;\u064a\u064e\u062f)&nbsp;YD, Prononc&eacute; &quot;Yed&quot;, &quot;\u064a\u062f&quot;<\/p>\n<div>\n<p>\n\t\t\t\t&nbsp;Cadeau&nbsp;(\u0647\u064e\u062f\u0650\u064a\u064e\u0651\u0629,&nbsp;\u0628\u0631\u0643\u0629)&nbsp;BRK, Prononc&eacute; &quot;Barky&quot;, &quot;\u0628\u0631\u0643\u064a&quot;<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<p>\n\t\t\t&nbsp;Cent&nbsp; (\u0645\u0626\u0629)&nbsp;M`T, Prononc&eacute; &quot;Mi`at&quot;, &quot;\u0645\u0626\u0629&quot;<\/p>\n<div>\n<p>\n\t\t\t\t&nbsp;Chaque,&nbsp;tout (\u0643\u0644)&nbsp;KL, Prononc&eacute; &quot;Kil&quot;, &quot;\u0643\u0644&quot;<\/p>\n<p>\n\t\t\t\t&nbsp;Chaque, Tout, Tous&nbsp;:&nbsp; (\u0643\u0644)&nbsp;KL, Prononc&eacute; &quot;Kil&quot;, &quot;\u0643\u0644&quot;<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<p>\n\t\t\t&nbsp;Charpentier&nbsp;&nbsp; (\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0631)&nbsp;NGR, Prononc&eacute; &quot;Nujjar&quot;, &quot;\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0631&quot;<\/p>\n<div>\n<p>\n\t\t\t\t&nbsp;Charrette&nbsp;(\u0645\u064e\u0631\u0652\u0643\u064e\u0628\u064e\u0629,&nbsp;\u0639\u064e\u0631\u064e\u0628\u064e\u0629)&nbsp;XGLT, Prononc&eacute; &quot;Xajlit&quot;, &quot;\u0639\u062c\u0644\u062a&quot;<\/p>\n<p>\n\t\t\t\t&nbsp;Ch&egrave;vre&nbsp;(\u062c\u062f\u064a)&nbsp;GD, Prononc&eacute; &quot;Jady&quot;, &quot;\u062c\u062f\u064a&quot;&nbsp; XZ, Prononc&eacute; &quot;Xazzi&quot;, &quot;\u0639\u0632\u064a&quot;<\/p>\n<p>\n\t\t\t\t&nbsp;Chien&nbsp;(\u0643\u0644\u0628)&nbsp;KLB, Prononc&eacute; &quot;Kalb&quot;, &quot;\u0643\u0644\u0628&quot;<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<p>\n\t\t\t&nbsp;Cisaille&nbsp;(tondre)&nbsp; (\u062c\u064e\u0632\u064e\u0651&nbsp;,&nbsp;\u062c\u064e\u0644\u064e\u0645\u064e)&nbsp;JLM, Prononc&eacute; &quot;Jalam&quot;, &quot;\u062c\u0644\u0645&quot;<\/p>\n<p>\n\t\t\t&nbsp;Clan&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; (\u0623\u064f\u0633\u0652\u0631\u064e\u0629,&nbsp;\u0623\u064e\u0647\u0652\u0644&nbsp;,&nbsp;\u0639\u064e\u0634\u0650\u064a\u0631\u064e\u0629)&nbsp;DR, Prononc&eacute; &quot;Dar&quot;, &quot;\u062f\u0627\u0631&quot;<\/p>\n<p>\n\t\t\t&nbsp;Cl&ocirc;turer,&nbsp;ceinturer&nbsp; (&nbsp;\u062d\u064e\u0635\u064e\u0631\u064e&nbsp;,&nbsp;\u062d\u064e\u0638\u064e\u0631\u064e,&nbsp;\u0623\u064e\u062d\u064e\u0627\u0637\u064e&nbsp;\u0628\u0650\u0640)&nbsp;\u1e22GR, Prononc&eacute; &quot;Hajr&quot;, &quot;\u062d\u062c\u0631&quot; ;&nbsp;\u1e22HSR, Prononc&eacute; &quot;\u1e22a\u1e61r&quot;, &quot;\u062d\u0635\u0631&quot;<\/p>\n<p>\n\t\t\t&nbsp;Coeur&nbsp; (&nbsp;\u0635\u064e\u0645\u0650\u064a\u0645&nbsp;,&nbsp;\u0644\u064f\u0628\u0651&nbsp;,&nbsp;\u0646\u064e\u0648\u064e\u0627\u0629&nbsp;,&nbsp;\u0641\u064f\u0624\u064e\u0627\u062f&nbsp;,&nbsp;\u0642\u064e\u0644\u0652\u0628)&nbsp;LB, Prononc&eacute; &quot;Lib&quot;, &quot;\u0644\u0628&quot;<\/p>\n<div>\n<p>\n\t\t\t\t&nbsp;Colonne&nbsp;(&nbsp;\u0639\u064e\u0645\u064f\u0648\u062f)&nbsp;XMD, Prononc&eacute; &quot;Xamud&quot;, &quot;\u0639\u0645\u0648\u062f&quot;<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<p>\n\t\t\t&nbsp;Comme&nbsp; (\u0645\u064e\u062b\u064e\u0644&nbsp;,&nbsp;\u0643\u0645\u0627)&nbsp;KM, Prononc&eacute; &quot;Kama&quot;, &quot;\u0643\u0645\u0627&quot;<\/p>\n<p>\n\t\t\t&nbsp;Compatriote&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; (\u0645\u064f\u0648\u064e\u0627\u0637\u0650\u0646\u064f)&nbsp;BN XM, Prononc&eacute; &quot;Bin Xam&quot;, &quot;\u0628\u0646&nbsp;\u0639\u0645&quot;<\/p>\n<p>\n\t\t\t&nbsp;Comptable&nbsp;(&nbsp;\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628)&nbsp;M\u1e22CB, Prononc&eacute; &laquo; M\u1e23ecib;\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0634\u0628&nbsp;&raquo;<\/p>\n<div>\n<p>\n\t\t\t\t&nbsp;Confisquer&nbsp;(\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064e\u0631\u064e)&nbsp;GZL, Prononc&eacute; &quot;Jazal&quot;, &quot;\u062c\u0632\u0644&quot;<\/p>\n<p>\n\t\t\t\t&nbsp;Consacrer&nbsp;(\u0642\u064e\u062f\u064e\u0651\u0633\u064e&nbsp;,&nbsp;\u0643\u064e\u0631\u064e\u0651\u0633\u064e)&nbsp;QDC, Prononc&eacute; &quot;Qaddach&quot;, &quot;\u0642\u062f\u0634&quot;<\/p>\n<p>\n\t\t\t\t&nbsp;Consommer&nbsp; (\u0623\u0643\u0644)&nbsp;`KL, Prononc&eacute; &quot;Akal&quot;, &quot;\u0623\u0643\u0644&quot;<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<p>\n\t\t\t&nbsp;Co&ucirc;t&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; (\u062b\u064e\u0645\u064e\u0646&nbsp;,&nbsp;\u0633\u0650\u0639\u0652\u0631) &quot;TMN&quot;, Prononc&eacute; &quot;Taman&quot;, &quot;\u062a\u0645\u0646&quot;<\/p>\n<div>\n<p>\n\t\t\t\t&nbsp;Courtier&nbsp;(\u0633\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631&nbsp;,&nbsp;\u0648\u064e\u0633\u0650\u064a\u0637) SRSR, Prononc&eacute; &quot;Soursar&quot;, &quot;\u0633\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0631&quot;<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<p>\n\t\t\t&nbsp;Couverture&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; (\u0643\u064e\u0633\u064e\u0627)&nbsp;KSY, Prononc&eacute; &quot;Kisi&quot;, &quot;\u0643\u0633\u064a&quot;<\/p>\n<div>\n<p>\n\t\t\t\t&nbsp;Creuser&nbsp;(\u0646\u064e\u0642\u064e\u0628\u064e)&nbsp;NQB, Prononc&eacute; &quot;Naqab&quot;, &quot;\u0646\u0642\u0628&quot;<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<p>\n\t\t\t&nbsp;Cuisine&nbsp; (\u0645\u0637\u0628\u062e)&nbsp;MTBKh, Prononc&eacute; &quot;Matbakh&quot;, &quot;\u0645\u0637\u0628\u062d&quot;<\/p>\n<p>\n\t\t\t&nbsp;Cumin&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; (\u0643\u0645\u0648\u0646) &nbsp;&nbsp;KMN, Prononc&eacute; &quot;Kammun&quot;, &quot;\u0643\u0645\u0648\u0646&quot;<\/p>\n<p>\n\t\t\t&nbsp;Dans&nbsp; (\u0641\u064a)&nbsp;B, Prononc&eacute; &quot;B&quot;, &quot;\u0628&quot;<\/p>\n<div>\n<p>\n\t\t\t\t&nbsp;De&nbsp;(la part de)&nbsp;: (\u0645\u0646)&nbsp;BD, Prononc&eacute;, &quot;Bid&quot;, &quot;\u0628\u062f&quot;&nbsp; MN, Prononc&eacute; &quot;Min&quot;, &quot;\u0645\u0646&quot;<\/p>\n<p>\n\t\t\t\t&nbsp;D&eacute;esse&nbsp;(\u0625\u0644\u0647\u0629)&nbsp;`LT, Prononc&eacute; &quot;Iylit&quot;, &quot;\u0625\u064a\u0644\u0629&quot;<\/p>\n<p>\n\t\t\t\t&nbsp;Delivrer&nbsp;(\u0623\u064e\u0648\u0652\u0635\u064e\u0644\u064e)&nbsp;CLM, Prononc&eacute; &quot;Chellem&quot;, &quot;\u0634\u0644\u0645&quot;<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<p>\n\t\t\t&nbsp;Demander&nbsp;&nbsp; (\u0633\u064e\u0623\u064e\u0644\u064e&nbsp;,&nbsp;\u0637\u064e\u0644\u064e\u0628\u064e) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&lsquo;RC, Prononc&eacute; &quot;Erec&quot;, &quot;\u0627\u0631\u0634&quot;&nbsp;; C`L, Prononc&eacute; &quot;Ca`al&quot;, &quot;\u0634\u0623\u0644&quot;<\/p>\n<div>\n<p>\n\t\t\t\t&nbsp;D&eacute;rangement&nbsp;(\u0625\u0650\u0631\u0652\u0628\u0627\u0643&nbsp;,&nbsp;\u0625\u0650\u0632\u0652\u0639\u0627\u062c&nbsp;,&nbsp;\u0625\u0650\u0642\u0652\u0644\u0627\u0642)&nbsp;XKRT, Prononc&eacute; &quot;Xakrate&quot;, &quot;\u0639\u0643\u0631\u062a&quot;<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<p>\n\t\t\t&nbsp;Descendre, revenir&nbsp; (\u0647\u064e\u0648\u064e\u0649&nbsp;,&nbsp;\u0648\u064e\u0642\u064e\u0639\u064e&nbsp;,&nbsp;\u0646\u0632\u0644)&nbsp;YRD, Prononc&eacute; &quot;Yered&quot;, &quot;\u064a\u0631\u062f&quot;<\/p>\n<p>\n\t\t\t&nbsp;D&eacute;truire&nbsp; (\u0623\u0628\u062f,&nbsp;\u064a\u0628\u064a\u062f,&nbsp;\u064a\u062f\u0645\u0631&nbsp;)&nbsp;;&nbsp;BD, Prononc&eacute; &quot;Abed&quot;, &quot;\u0623\u0628\u062f&quot;<\/p>\n<p>\n\t\t\t&nbsp;D&eacute;vaster&nbsp; (\u0623\u0628\u062f,&nbsp;\u064a\u0628\u064a\u062f,&nbsp;\u064a\u062f\u0645\u0631)&nbsp;;&nbsp;BD&nbsp;, Prononc&eacute; &quot;Abed&quot;, &quot;\u0623\u0628\u062f&quot;<\/p>\n<p>\n\t\t\t&nbsp;Dieu&nbsp; (&nbsp;\u0627\u0644\u0647)&nbsp;`L, Prononc&eacute; &quot;Iil&rdquo;, &quot;\u0627\u064a\u0644&quot;<\/p>\n<p>\n\t\t\t&nbsp;Dire&nbsp; (\u064a\u0642\u0648\u0644)&nbsp;`MR, Prononc&eacute; &quot;Amr&quot;, &quot;\u0627\u0645\u0631&quot;&nbsp;&nbsp;DBR, Prononc&eacute; &quot;Dabar&quot;, &quot;\u062f\u0628\u0631&quot;<\/p>\n<p>\n\t\t\t&nbsp;Dos&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; (\u0638\u0647\u0631) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;\u1e60HR, Prononc&eacute; &quot;\u1e60ohr&quot;, &quot;\u0635\u0647\u0631&quot;<\/p>\n<p>\n\t\t\t&nbsp;Eau&nbsp; (\u0645\u0627\u0621)&nbsp;MM, Prononc&eacute; &quot;Miim&quot;, &quot;\u0645\u064a\u0645&quot;<\/p>\n<p>\n\t\t\t&nbsp;Ecrire&nbsp; (&nbsp;\u062e\u064e\u0637\u064e\u0651,&nbsp;\u0643\u064e\u062a\u064e\u0628\u064e)&nbsp;\u1e22\u1e6a, Prononc&eacute; &quot;\u1e22a\u1e6b\u1e6b&quot;, &quot;\u062d\u0637&quot; &loz; (\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd) KTB, Prononc&eacute; &quot;Katab&quot;, &quot;\u0643\u062a\u0628&quot;<\/p>\n<p>\n\t\t\t&nbsp;Ecriture&nbsp; (&nbsp;\u0643\u0650\u062a\u064e\u0627\u0628\u064e\u0629)&nbsp;KTBT, Prononc&eacute; &quot;Ktebit&quot;, &quot;\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u062a&quot; See also: Letter<\/p>\n<div>\n<p>\n\t\t\t\t&nbsp;Effacer&nbsp;(&nbsp;\u0645\u064e\u062d\u064e\u0649&nbsp;,&nbsp;\u0645\u064e\u0633\u064e\u062d\u064e)&nbsp;MhY, Prononc&eacute; &quot;\u0645\u062d\u064a&quot;, ou&nbsp;MhQ, Prononc&eacute; &quot;\u0645\u062d\u0642&quot;<\/p>\n<p>\n\t\t\t\t&nbsp;&eacute;gorger&nbsp;(\u0630\u0628\u062d)&nbsp;TBH&nbsp;, Prononc&eacute; &quot;\u1e6aaba\u1e23&quot;, &quot;\u0637\u0628\u062d&quot; See also: Slaughter<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<p>\n\t\t\t&nbsp;&Eacute;gorger,&nbsp;massacrer&nbsp; (\u0630\u0628\u062d)&nbsp;\u1e6aTBh\u1e22, Prononc&eacute; \u1e6aTabeh\u1e23,&nbsp;\u0637\u0628\u062d&nbsp;. Voir aussi Boucher<\/p>\n<p>\n\t\t\t&nbsp;Emprisonnement&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; (\u0645\u064e\u0644\u0652\u062c\u064e\u0623&nbsp;,\u062d\u0631\u0632)&nbsp;\u1e22HRZ, Prononc&eacute; &quot;Hirz&quot;, &quot;\u062d\u0631\u0632&quot;<\/p>\n<p>\n\t\t\t&nbsp;Endroit&nbsp; (\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u060c&nbsp;\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0645)&nbsp;MQM, Prononc&eacute; &quot;Maqam&quot;, &quot;\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0645&quot;<\/p>\n<p>\n\t\t\t&nbsp;Enfant&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; (\u0641\u064e\u062a\u064b\u0649,&nbsp;\u0648\u0644\u062f)&nbsp;YLD, Prononc&eacute; &quot;Yalad&quot;, &quot;\u064a\u0644\u062f&quot;<\/p>\n<p>\n\t\t\t&nbsp;Entend&nbsp; (\u0633\u064e\u0645\u0650\u0639\u064e)&nbsp;CMX, Prononc&eacute; &quot;Cmax&quot;, &quot;\u0634\u0645\u0639&quot;<\/p>\n<p>\n\t\t\t&nbsp;Epouse&nbsp; (&nbsp;\u0639\u064e\u0642\u064a\u0644\u064e\u0629&nbsp;,&nbsp;\u0642\u064e\u0631\u0650\u064a\u0646\u064e\u0629&nbsp;,&nbsp;\u0632\u064e\u0648\u0652\u062c\u064e\u0629)&nbsp;`CT, Prononc&eacute; &quot;Ecta&quot;, &quot;\u0625\u0634\u062a&quot; See also: Woman<\/p>\n<div>\n<p>\n\t\t\t\t&nbsp;&egrave;re, &eacute;poque (\u062f\u064e\u0648\u0652\u0631&nbsp;,&nbsp;\u062f\u064e\u0648\u0652\u0631\u064e\u0629&nbsp;,&nbsp;\u0632\u064e\u0645\u064e\u0627\u0646&nbsp;,&nbsp;\u0632\u064e\u0645\u064e\u0646&nbsp;,&nbsp;\u0637\u064e\u0648\u0652\u0631,&nbsp;\u0648\u0642\u062a)&nbsp;DR, Prononc&eacute; &quot;Dor&quot;, &quot;\u062f\u0648\u0631&quot;<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<p>\n\t\t\t&nbsp;Et&nbsp;(\u0648)&nbsp;W, Prononc&eacute; &quot;Ww&quot;, &quot;\u0648&quot;<\/p>\n<p>\n\t\t\t&nbsp;&Ecirc;tre (le verbe &quot;&ecirc;tre&quot;)&nbsp;(\u0643\u0627\u0646)&nbsp;KN, Prononc&eacute; &quot;Ken&quot;, &quot;\u0643\u0627\u0646&quot;<\/p>\n<div>\n<p>\n\t\t\t\t&nbsp;Excellent&nbsp;(\u0645\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0632)&nbsp;NXM, Prononc&eacute; &quot;Naxxum&quot;, &quot;\u0646\u0639\u0648\u0645&quot;<\/p>\n<p>\n\t\t\t\t&nbsp;Family&nbsp;(\u0623\u064f\u0633\u0652\u0631\u064e\u0629,&nbsp;\u0623\u064e\u0647\u0652\u0644&nbsp;,&nbsp;\u0639\u0627\u0626\u0650\u0644\u064e\u0629)&nbsp;`HL&nbsp;Prononc&eacute; &quot;Ahel&quot;, &quot;\u0623\u064e\u0647\u0652\u0644&quot;&nbsp;; `ZRT, Prononc&eacute; &quot;ozrat&quot;, &quot;\u0623\u0632\u0631\u0629&quot;,<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<p>\n\t\t\t&nbsp;Fantassin&nbsp; (\u0627\u0644\u062c\u064f\u0646\u064f\u0648\u062f\u064f&nbsp;\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0634\u0627\u0629)&nbsp;DRK, Prononc&eacute; &quot;Darak&quot;, &quot;\u062f\u0631\u0643&quot;<\/p>\n<p>\n\t\t\t&nbsp;Femme&nbsp; (&nbsp;\u0633\u064e\u064a\u0650\u0651\u062f\u0629&nbsp;,&nbsp;\u0627\u0650\u0645\u0652\u0631\u064e\u0623\u064e\u0629)&nbsp;`CT, Promounced, &quot;Ecta&quot;, &quot;\u0625\u0634\u062a&quot;<\/p>\n<div>\n<p>\n\t\t\t\t&nbsp;Ferme&nbsp; (\u0645\u0632\u0631\u0639\u0629)&nbsp;MZRX, Prononc&eacute; &quot;Mazrax&quot;, &quot;\u0645\u0632\u0631\u0639&quot;<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<p>\n\t\t\t&nbsp;Filiation&nbsp; (\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0646)&nbsp;BNM, Prononc&eacute; &quot;Baniim&quot;, &quot;\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0645&quot;<\/p>\n<p>\n\t\t\t&nbsp;Fille&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; (\u0627\u0650\u0628\u0652\u0646\u064e\u0629&nbsp;,&nbsp;\u0628\u0650\u0646\u0652\u062a)&nbsp;BT, Prononc&eacute; &quot;Bitt&quot;, &quot;\u0628\u062a&quot;<\/p>\n<p>\n\t\t\t&nbsp;Fils&nbsp; (\u0627\u0650\u0628\u0652\u0646)&nbsp;BN, Prononc&eacute; &quot;Bin&quot;, &quot;\u0628\u0652\u0646&quot;<\/p>\n<div>\n<p>\n\t\t\t\t&nbsp;Forteresse (\u062d\u0650\u0635\u0652\u0646&nbsp;,&nbsp;\u0642\u064e\u0644\u0652\u0639\u064e\u0629&nbsp;,&nbsp;\u0645\u064e\u0639\u0652\u0642\u0650\u0644)&nbsp;\u1e22MT, Prononc&eacute; &quot;hamet&quot;, &quot;\u062d\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a&quot; \u1e22MYT, Prononc&eacute; &ldquo;Hemyet&quot;, &quot;\u062d\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0627\u062a&quot;<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<p>\n\t\t\t&nbsp;Fortune,&nbsp;Richesse&nbsp; (\u062b\u064e\u0631\u0652\u0648\u064e\u0629)&nbsp;`NM, Prononc&eacute; &quot;Anim&quot;, &quot;\u0623\u0646\u064a\u0645&quot;<\/p>\n<div>\n<p>\n\t\t\t\t&nbsp;Fr&egrave;re&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; (&nbsp;\u0623\u062e)&nbsp;`\u1e22, Prononc&eacute; &quot;Akh&quot; &quot;\u0623\u062d&quot;<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<p>\n\t\t\t&nbsp;Gardien,&nbsp;Protecteur&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; (\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645)&nbsp;XRB, Prononc&eacute; &quot;Xurrab&quot;, &quot;\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0628&quot;<\/p>\n<p>\n\t\t\t&nbsp;Grand&nbsp; (\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631)&nbsp;KBR, Prononc&eacute; &quot;Kbiir&quot;, &quot;\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631&quot;<\/p>\n<div>\n<p>\n\t\t\t\t&nbsp;Grand&nbsp;(\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631,&nbsp;\u0639\u0638\u064a\u0645)&nbsp;`DR, Prononc&eacute; &quot;Adiir&quot; &quot;\u0623\u062f\u064a\u0631&quot;<\/p>\n<p>\n\t\t\t\t&nbsp;Grand p&eacute;re&nbsp;(\u0623\u0628&nbsp;\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631) &ldquo;`B `DR&quot;, Prononc&eacute; &quot;Ab Adiir&quot;, &quot;\u0623\u0628&nbsp;\u0623\u062f\u064a\u0631&quot;<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<p>\n\t\t\t&nbsp;Groupe&nbsp; (\u062b\u064f\u0644\u064e\u0651\u0629&nbsp;,&nbsp;\u062c\u064e\u0645\u064e\u0627\u0639\u064e\u0629)&nbsp;\u1e60SRB, Prononc&eacute; &quot;Sourby:, &quot;\u0635\u0631\u0628\u064a&quot;<\/p>\n<p>\n\t\t\t&nbsp;Gu&eacute;rir&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; (\u0623\u064e\u0628\u0652\u0631\u064e\u0623\u064e&nbsp;,&nbsp;\u0623\u064e\u0633\u064e\u0627&nbsp;,&nbsp;\u0623\u064e\u0633\u064e\u0649&nbsp;,&nbsp;\u0623\u064e\u0644\u0652\u0623\u064e\u0645\u064e&nbsp;,&nbsp;\u0623\u064e\u0646\u0652\u0642\u064e\u0647\u064e&nbsp;,&nbsp;\u0628\u064e\u0644\u0652\u0633\u064e\u0645\u064e&nbsp;,&nbsp;\u062f\u0627\u0648\u064e\u0649&nbsp;,&nbsp;\u0634\u064e\u0641\u064e\u0649)&nbsp;`SY, Prononc&eacute; &quot;Isi&quot;, &quot;\u0625\u064a\u0633\u064a&quot;<\/p>\n<p>\n\t\t\t&nbsp;Gu&eacute;rir&nbsp;(\u0634\u064e\u0641\u064e\u0649)&nbsp;RP`, Prononc&eacute; &quot;Rapa`&quot;, &quot;\u0631\u0628\u0623&quot;<\/p>\n<p>\n\t\t\t&nbsp;Guerre&nbsp; (\u062d\u064e\u0631\u0652\u0628&nbsp;,&nbsp;\u0645\u064e\u0639\u0652\u0631\u064e\u0643\u064e\u0629)&nbsp;ML\u1e22MT, Prononc&eacute; &quot;Malhamet&quot;, &quot;\u0645\u0644\u062d\u0645\u062a&quot;<\/p>\n<p>\n\t\t\t&nbsp;Guerrier&nbsp; (\u0645\u064f\u062d\u064e\u0627\u0631\u0650\u0628&nbsp;,&nbsp;\u0645\u064f\u0642\u064e\u0627\u062a\u0650\u0644)&nbsp;JBR, Prononc&eacute; &quot;Jabbur&quot;, &quot;\u062c\u0628\u0648\u0631&quot;<\/p>\n<p>\n\t\t\t&nbsp;Habit&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; (\u0643\u064e\u0633\u064e\u0627) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;KSY, Prononc&eacute; &quot;Kisy&quot;, &quot;\u0643\u0633\u064a&quot;<\/p>\n<p>\n\t\t\t&nbsp;Homme&nbsp; (\u0625\u0650\u0646\u0652\u0633\u0650\u064a\u0651&nbsp;,&nbsp;\u0627\u0650\u0628\u0652\u0646\u064f&nbsp;\u0622\u062f\u064e\u0645)&nbsp;`DM, Prononc&eacute; &quot;Edam&quot;, &quot;\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0645&quot; GBR, Prononc&eacute; &quot;Jeber&quot;, &quot;\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0631&quot;<\/p>\n<p>\n\t\t\t&nbsp;Huile&nbsp; (\u0632\u064e\u064a\u0652\u062a)&nbsp;CMN, Prononc&eacute; &quot;Chamn&quot;, &quot;\u0634\u0645\u0646&quot;<\/p>\n<p>\n\t\t\t&nbsp;Humain&nbsp; (\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646)&nbsp;`DM, Prononc&eacute; &quot;Edam&quot;, &quot;\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0645&quot;<\/p>\n<p>\n\t\t\t&nbsp;Ici&nbsp; (\u0647\u0646\u0627)&nbsp;HN, Prononc&eacute; &quot;Han&quot;, &quot;\u0647\u0627\u0646&quot;<\/p>\n<div>\n<p>\n\t\t\t\t&nbsp;Immeuble&nbsp;(\u0628\u0650\u0646\u064e\u0627\u0621,&nbsp;\u0645\u0628\u0646\u0649)&nbsp;BN, Prononc&eacute; &quot;Bena&quot;, &quot;\u0628\u0646\u0627&quot;&nbsp;;&nbsp;&nbsp; MBNT, Prononc&eacute; &quot;Mebnet&quot;, &quot;\u0645\u0628\u0646\u062a&quot;&nbsp;; MQR, Prononc&eacute;&nbsp; &quot;Maqarr&quot;, &quot;\u0645\u0642\u0631&quot;<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<p>\n\t\t\t&nbsp;Inscrire, graver&nbsp; (\u062d\u064e\u0641\u064e\u0631\u064e&nbsp;,&nbsp;\u062e\u064e\u0637\u064e\u0651&nbsp;,&nbsp;\u0646\u064e\u0642\u064e\u0634\u064e)&nbsp;RCM, Prononc&eacute; &quot;Racam&quot;, &quot;\u0631\u0634\u0645&quot;<\/p>\n<p>\n\t\t\t&nbsp;Intacte&nbsp; (\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645&nbsp;,&nbsp;\u0633\u064e\u0648\u0650\u064a\u0651&nbsp;,&nbsp;\u0645\u064e\u0648\u0652\u0641\u064f\u0648\u0631)&nbsp;CLM, Prononc&eacute; &quot;Chelim&quot;, &quot;\u0634\u0627\u0644\u0645&quot;<\/p>\n<p>\n\t\t\t&nbsp;Jour&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; (\u064a\u0648\u0645)&nbsp;YM, Prononc&eacute; &quot;Yawm&quot;, &quot;\u064a\u0648\u0645&quot;<\/p>\n<p>\n\t\t\t&nbsp;Juste,&nbsp;Vertueux&nbsp; (\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0650\u062d&nbsp;,&nbsp;\u0635\u0650\u062f\u0650\u0651\u064a\u0642&nbsp;,&nbsp;\u0637\u0627\u0647\u0650\u0631)&nbsp;\u1e60SDQ, Prononc&eacute; &quot;Siddiq&quot;, &quot;\u0635\u062f\u064a\u0642&quot;<\/p>\n<p>\n\t\t\t&nbsp;Labour&nbsp; (\u062d\u0650\u0631\u064e\u0627\u062b\u064e\u0629&nbsp;,&nbsp;\u062d\u064e\u0631\u0652\u062b)&nbsp;\u1e22RC, Prononc&eacute; &quot;Harch&quot;, &quot;\u062d\u0631\u0634&quot;<\/p>\n<p>\n\t\t\t&nbsp;Lait&nbsp; (\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0628)&nbsp;\u1e22HLB, Prononc&eacute; &quot;Haliib&quot;, &quot;\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0628&quot;<\/p>\n<p>\n\t\t\t&nbsp;Langue&nbsp; (\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0646)&nbsp;LCN, Prononc&eacute; &quot;Lchen&quot;, &quot;\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0646&quot;<\/p>\n<p>\n\t\t\t&nbsp;Lettre&nbsp; (\u062d\u064e\u0631\u0652\u0641)&nbsp;KTBT, Prononc&eacute; &quot;Ktebit&quot;, &quot;\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u062a&quot;<\/p>\n<p>\n\t\t\t&nbsp;Lumi&egrave;re&nbsp;(\u0646\u0648\u0631)&nbsp;`R, Prononc&eacute; &quot;Our&quot;, &quot;\u0623\u0648\u0648\u0631&quot;&nbsp; QDh, Prononc&eacute; &quot;Qadah&quot;, &quot;\u0642\u062f\u062d&quot;<\/p>\n<p>\n\t\t\t&nbsp;Main&nbsp; (&nbsp;\u064a\u062f) YD, Prononc&eacute; &quot;Yad&quot;, &quot;\u064a\u062f&quot;<\/p>\n<p>\n\t\t\t&nbsp;Maison&nbsp; (\u0628\u064a\u062a)&nbsp;BT, Prononc&eacute; &quot;Bet&quot;, &quot;\u064a\u062a&quot;<\/p>\n<div>\n<p>\n\t\t\t\t&nbsp;Manger (\u0623\u0643\u0644)&nbsp;`KL, Prononc&eacute; &quot;Akal&quot;, &quot;\u0623\u0643\u0644&quot;<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<p>\n\t\t\t&nbsp;Mer&nbsp; (\u0628\u064e\u062d\u0652\u0631&nbsp;,&nbsp;\u062e\u0650\u0636\u064e\u0645\u0651&nbsp;,&nbsp;\u064a\u064e\u0645\u0651)&nbsp;YM, Prononc&eacute; &quot;Yam&quot;, &quot;\u064a\u0645&quot;<\/p>\n<p>\n\t\t\t&nbsp;M&egrave;re&nbsp; (&#39;M;&nbsp;\u0623\u0645)&nbsp;`M, Prononc&eacute;, &quot;Imm&quot;, &quot;\u0625\u0645&quot;<\/p>\n<p>\n\t\t\t&nbsp;Mille&nbsp; (\u0623\u0644\u0641)&nbsp;`ELP, Prononc&eacute; &quot;Elep&quot;, &quot;\u0625\u0644\u0628&quot;<\/p>\n<p>\n\t\t\t&nbsp;Moi (\u0623\u0646\u0627)&nbsp;`N, Prononc&eacute;, &quot;Ana&quot;, &quot;\u0623\u0646\u0627&quot;<\/p>\n<p>\n\t\t\t&nbsp;Mort&nbsp; (\u0645\u0648\u062a)&nbsp;MT, Prononc&eacute; &quot;Mot&quot;, &quot;\u0645\u0648\u062a&quot; Noter que &laquo;&nbsp;Mot&nbsp;&raquo; est aussi le Dieu de la mort<\/p>\n<p>\n\t\t\t&nbsp;Mot&nbsp; (&nbsp;\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0629)&nbsp;`MR, Prononc&eacute; &quot;Umer&quot;, &quot;\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0631&quot;<\/p>\n<p>\n\t\t\t&nbsp;Mourir&nbsp; (\u0645\u0627\u062a)&nbsp;MT, Prononc&eacute; &quot;Met&quot;, &quot;\u0645\u0627\u062a&quot;<\/p>\n<p>\n\t\t\t&nbsp;Mouton&nbsp; (\u062e\u064e\u0631\u064f\u0648\u0641&nbsp;,&nbsp;\u0634\u064e\u0627\u0629&nbsp;,&nbsp;\u0636\u064e\u0623\u0652\u0646&nbsp;,&nbsp;\u063a\u064e\u0646\u064e\u0645)&nbsp;\u1e60`SN, Prononc&eacute; &quot;Saa`n&quot;, &quot;\u0635\u0623\u0646&quot;<\/p>\n<p>\n\t\t\t&nbsp;Mur&nbsp; (\u062c\u0650\u062f\u064e\u0627\u0631&nbsp;,&nbsp;\u062d\u0627\u0626\u0650\u0637)&nbsp;JDR, Prononc&eacute; &quot;Jdar&quot;, &quot;\u062c\u062f\u0627\u0631&quot;<\/p>\n<p>\n\t\t\t&nbsp;Myrrh&nbsp; (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631)&nbsp;MR, Prononc&eacute; &quot;Murr&quot;, &quot;\u0645\u0631&quot;<\/p>\n<p>\n\t\t\t&nbsp;Non&nbsp; (\u0643\u0644\u0627)&nbsp;L`, Prononc&eacute; &quot;La`&quot;&nbsp; &quot;\u0644\u0623&quot;<\/p>\n<p>\n\t\t\t&nbsp;Nous&nbsp; (\u0646\u062d\u0646)&nbsp;NHN, Prononc&eacute; &quot;Nihna&quot;,&nbsp; &quot;\u0646\u062d\u0646&quot;<\/p>\n<p>\n\t\t\t&nbsp;Nouveau&nbsp; (\u062c\u064e\u062f\u0650\u064a\u062f&nbsp;,&nbsp;\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b)&nbsp;\u1e22HDC, Prononc&eacute; &quot;\u1e22adiic&quot;, &quot;\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0634&quot;<\/p>\n<p>\n\t\t\t&nbsp;Nuit&nbsp; (\u0644\u064a\u0644)&nbsp;LL, Prononc&eacute; &quot;Leil&quot;, &quot;\u0644\u064a\u0644&quot;<\/p>\n<p>\n\t\t\t&nbsp;Odeur,&nbsp;parfum&nbsp; (\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0650\u062d\u064e\u0629)&nbsp;R\u1e22, Prononc&eacute; &quot;Rouh&quot;, &quot;\u0631\u0648\u062d&quot;<\/p>\n<p>\n\t\t\t&nbsp;Offre&nbsp; (\u0645\u0646\u062d\u0629,&nbsp;\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629)&nbsp;MNHT, Prononc&eacute; &quot;Minhat&quot;, &quot;\u0645\u0646\u062d\u062a&quot;<\/p>\n<p>\n\t\t\t&nbsp;Oignon&nbsp; (\u0628\u0635\u0644)&nbsp;BSL, Prononc&eacute; &quot;Basal&quot;, &quot;\u0628\u0635\u0644&quot;<\/p>\n<p>\n\t\t\t&nbsp;Oindre&nbsp;&nbsp; (\u062f\u0647\u0646&nbsp;,\u0645\u0633\u062d)&nbsp;MC\u1e22, Prononc&eacute; &quot;Maca\u1e23&quot;, &quot;\u0645\u0634\u062d&quot;<\/p>\n<p>\n\t\t\t&nbsp;Olive&nbsp; (\u0632\u064e\u064a\u0652\u062a\u064f\u0648\u0646)&nbsp;ZT, Prononc&eacute; &quot;Zet&quot;, &quot;\u0632\u062a&quot;<\/p>\n<p>\n\t\t\t&nbsp;Orphelin&nbsp; (\u064a\u064e\u062a\u0650\u064a\u0645)&nbsp;YTM, Prononc&eacute; &quot;Yatiim&quot;, &quot;\u064a\u062a\u064a\u0645&quot;<\/p>\n<p>\n\t\t\t&nbsp;O&ugrave;&nbsp;,&nbsp; (&nbsp;\u0623\u064a\u0646)&nbsp;`Y, Prononc&eacute; &quot;Ay&quot;, &quot;\u0623\u064a\u0649&quot;<\/p>\n<p>\n\t\t\t&nbsp;Ouvert&nbsp; (\u0641\u062a\u062d)&nbsp;PTh, Prononc&eacute; &quot;Patah&quot;, &quot;\u0628\u062a\u062d&quot; (avec un P)<\/p>\n<p>\n\t\t\t&nbsp;Paire, Jumeaux&nbsp; (\u0632\u064e\u0648\u0652\u062c)&nbsp;T`M, Prononc&eacute; &quot;Ta`im&quot; &quot;\u062a\u0623\u0645&quot;,<\/p>\n<p>\n\t\t\t&nbsp;Paix&nbsp; (\u0623\u064e\u0645\u064e\u0627\u0646&nbsp;,&nbsp;\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645)&nbsp;CLM, Prononc&eacute; &quot;Chalem&quot;, &quot;\u0634\u0644\u0627\u0645&quot;<\/p>\n<div>\n<p>\n\t\t\t\t&nbsp;Partir&nbsp; (\u0631\u064e\u062d\u064e\u0644\u064e,&nbsp;\u0628\u0631\u062d)&nbsp;BRH, Prononc&eacute; &quot;Berah&quot;, &quot;\u0628\u0631\u062d&quot;<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<p>\n\t\t\t&nbsp;Passage&nbsp; (\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0643,&nbsp;\u0645\u0639\u0628\u0631)&nbsp;MXBR, Prononc&eacute; &quot;Maxbar&quot;, &quot;\u0645\u0639\u0628\u0631&quot;<\/p>\n<div>\n<p>\n\t\t\t\t&nbsp;Paternit&eacute;&nbsp; (\u0623\u064f\u0628\u064f\u0648\u064e\u0651\u0629)&nbsp;`BT, Prononc&eacute; &quot;Abat&quot;, &quot;\u0623\u0628\u062a&quot;<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<p>\n\t\t\t&nbsp;Pauvre&nbsp; (\u0645\u0633\u0643\u064a\u0646)&nbsp;MSKN, Prononc&eacute; &quot;Maskiin&quot;, &quot;\u0645\u0633\u0643\u064a\u0646&quot;<\/p>\n<div>\n<p>\n\t\t\t\t&nbsp;P&egrave;re&nbsp;(\u0623\u0628) Prononc&eacute; comme en arabe<\/p>\n<p>\n\t\t\t\t&nbsp;Perturber&nbsp;(\u0634\u064e\u0648\u064e\u0651\u0634\u064e&nbsp;,&nbsp;\u0639\u064e\u0643\u064e\u0651\u0631\u064e)&nbsp;XKR, Prononc&eacute; &quot;Xakkar&quot;, &quot;\u0639\u0643\u0631&quot;<\/p>\n<p>\n\t\t\t\t&nbsp;Petit-fils&nbsp;(\u062d\u064e\u0641\u0650\u064a\u062f)&nbsp;BNBN, Prononc&eacute; &laquo;&nbsp;Bin bin&nbsp;&raquo;qui veut dire &laquo;&nbsp;fils de fils&nbsp;&raquo; &quot;\u0628\u0646&nbsp;\u0628\u0646&quot;<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<p>\n\t\t\t&nbsp;Plant&nbsp; (\u0628\u064e\u062a\u0650\u064a\u0644\u064e\u0629&nbsp;,&nbsp;\u0634\u064e\u062a\u0652\u0644\u064e\u0629) &quot;CTL&quot; Prononc&eacute; &quot;Chatla&quot;, &quot;\u0634\u062a\u0644\u064a&quot;<\/p>\n<div>\n<p>\n\t\t\t\t&nbsp;Plein&nbsp;(\u0645\u064e\u0644\u064e\u0623\u064e)&nbsp;ML`, Prononc&eacute; &quot;Mala`&quot;, &quot;\u0645\u0644\u0621&quot;<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<p>\n\t\t\t&nbsp;Poss&egrave;de&nbsp; (\u0627\u0650\u0642\u0652\u062a\u064e\u0646\u064e\u0649&nbsp;,&nbsp;\u0627\u0650\u0645\u0652\u062a\u064e\u0644\u064e\u0643\u064e)&nbsp;MLK, Prononc&eacute; &quot;Malak&quot;, &quot;\u0645\u0644\u0643&quot; See also: Own<\/p>\n<p>\n\t\t\t&nbsp;Poudre&nbsp; (\u0645\u064e\u0633\u0652\u062d\u064f\u0648\u0642&nbsp;,&nbsp;\u062f\u064f\u0642\u064e\u0651\u0629&nbsp;,&nbsp;\u0630\u064e\u0631\u064f\u0648\u0631&nbsp;,&nbsp;\u0633\u064e\u062d\u0650\u064a\u0642)&nbsp;DQ, Prononc&eacute; &quot;Diq&quot;, &quot;\u062f\u0642&quot;<\/p>\n<div>\n<p>\n\t\t\t\t&nbsp;Pour,&nbsp;afin de (\u0644)&nbsp;L, Prononc&eacute; &quot;L&eacute;&quot;, &quot;\u0644&quot;<\/p>\n<p>\n\t\t\t\t&nbsp;Premier-n&eacute;&nbsp;(\u0628\u0643\u0631)&nbsp;BKR, Prononc&eacute; &quot;Beker&quot;, &quot;\u0628\u0643\u0631&quot;<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<p>\n\t\t\t&nbsp;Pr&ecirc;tre&nbsp; (KHN;&nbsp;\u0643\u0627\u0647\u0646)&nbsp;KHN, Prononc&eacute; &quot;Kehin&quot;, &quot;\u0643\u0627\u0647\u0646&quot;<\/p>\n<p>\n\t\t\t&nbsp;Pr&ecirc;tresse (\u0643\u0627\u0647\u0646\u0629)&nbsp;KHNT, Prononc&eacute; &quot;Kehinit&quot; &quot;\u0643\u0627\u0647\u0646\u0629&quot;<\/p>\n<p>\n\t\t\t&nbsp;Procr&eacute;er (enfanter)&nbsp;&nbsp; (\u0646\u064e\u0633\u064e\u0644\u064e&nbsp;,&nbsp;\u0648\u064e\u0644\u064e\u062f\u064e)&nbsp;YLD, Prononc&eacute; &quot;Yolod&quot;, &quot;\u064a\u0648\u0644\u062f&quot;<\/p>\n<p>\n\t\t\t&nbsp;Puissance&nbsp; (\u0623\u064e\u0632\u0652\u0631&nbsp;,&nbsp;\u0625\u0650\u064a\u064e\u0627\u062f&nbsp;,&nbsp;\u0628\u064e\u0623\u0652\u0633&nbsp;,&nbsp;\u062c\u064e\u0628\u0652\u0631)&nbsp;JBRT, Prononc&eacute; &quot;Jabrut&quot;, &quot;\u062c\u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a&quot;&nbsp; XZ, Prononc&eacute; &quot;Xizz&quot;, &quot;\u0639\u0632&quot;<\/p>\n<p>\n\t\t\t&nbsp;Puissance,&nbsp;force&nbsp; (\u0623\u064e\u0632\u0652\u0631&nbsp;,&nbsp;\u0625\u0650\u064a\u064e\u0627\u062f&nbsp;,&nbsp;\u0628\u064e\u0623\u0652\u0633&nbsp;,&nbsp;\u062c\u064e\u0628\u0652\u0631)&nbsp;GBRT, Prononc&eacute; &quot;Jabrut&quot;, &quot;\u062c\u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a&quot;<\/p>\n<p>\n\t\t\t&nbsp;Pur&nbsp; (\u0637\u0627\u0647\u0631)&nbsp;\u1e6aTHR, Prononc&eacute; &quot;Taher&quot;, &quot;\u0637\u0627\u0647\u0631&quot;<\/p>\n<p>\n\t\t\t&nbsp;Pur&eacute;e&nbsp; (\u0647\u064e\u0631\u0650\u064a\u0633\u064e\u0629)&nbsp;BLL, Prononc&eacute; &quot;Balal&quot;, &quot;\u0628\u0644\u0644&quot;<\/p>\n<div>\n<p>\n\t\t\t\t&nbsp;Quarante&nbsp;(\u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u064a\u0646)&nbsp;`RBXM, Prononc&eacute; &quot;Arbxiim&quot;, &quot;\u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u064a\u0645&quot;<\/p>\n<p>\n\t\t\t\t&nbsp;Quatre&nbsp;(\u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0629)&nbsp;`RBX, Prononc&eacute; &quot;Arbxa&quot;, &quot;\u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639&quot;<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<p>\n\t\t\t&nbsp;Qui&nbsp;?&nbsp; (&nbsp;\u0645\u064e\u0646\u0652&nbsp;,&nbsp;\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a)&nbsp;`C, Prononc&eacute; &quot;Ici&quot;, &quot;\u0625\u0634\u0634\u064a&quot;<\/p>\n<p>\n\t\t\t&nbsp;Quitter&nbsp; (\u0631\u064e\u062d\u064e\u0644\u064e)&nbsp;BRh, Prononc&eacute; &quot;Berah&quot;, &quot;\u0628\u0627\u0631\u062d&quot;<\/p>\n<p>\n\t\t\t&nbsp;Racine&nbsp; (\u062c\u0650\u0630\u0652\u0631&nbsp;,&nbsp;\u0639\u0650\u0631\u0652\u0642) &quot;CRC&quot; Prononc&eacute; &quot;Ciric&quot;, &quot;\u0634\u0631\u0634&quot;<\/p>\n<p>\n\t\t\t&nbsp;Raisin&nbsp; (\u0643\u064e\u0631\u0652\u0645&nbsp;\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0650\u0646\u064e\u0628\u0650)&nbsp;KRM, Prononc&eacute; &quot;Karm&quot;, &quot;\u0643\u0631\u0645&quot;<\/p>\n<p>\n\t\t\t&nbsp;R&eacute;alisation&nbsp;(\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0632)&nbsp;X\u1e60MT, Prononc&eacute; &quot;Xi\u1e61mat&quot;, &quot;\u0639\u0635\u0645\u062a&quot;<\/p>\n<p>\n\t\t\t&nbsp;R&egrave;gne&nbsp; (\u062d\u064e\u0643\u064e\u0645\u064e)&nbsp;MLK, Prononc&eacute; &quot;Malak&quot;, &quot;\u0645\u0644\u0643&quot;<\/p>\n<p>\n\t\t\t&nbsp;Rejeton&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;\u062e\u064e\u0644\u064e\u0641&nbsp;,&nbsp;\u0630\u064f\u0631\u0650\u0651\u064a\u064e\u0651\u0629,&nbsp;\u0641\u064e\u0631\u0652\u0639&nbsp;,&nbsp;\u0646\u064e\u0633\u0652\u0644)&nbsp;ZRX, Prononc&eacute; &quot;Zarex&quot;, &quot;\u0632\u0631\u0639&quot;<\/p>\n<p>\n\t\t\t&nbsp;R&eacute;parer&nbsp; (\u062c\u064e\u062f\u064e\u0651\u062f\u064e&nbsp;,&nbsp;\u062d\u064e\u062f\u064e\u0651\u062b\u064e)&nbsp;\u1e22HDC, Prononc&eacute; &quot;Haddach&quot;, &quot;\u062d\u062f\u0634&quot;<\/p>\n<p>\n\t\t\t&nbsp;Ressemblance&nbsp; (\u0634\u0628\u0647,&nbsp;\u0645\u062b\u0644)&nbsp;MCL, Prononc&eacute; &quot;Michl&quot;, &quot;\u0645\u0634\u0644&quot;<\/p>\n<p>\n\t\t\t&nbsp;Reste&nbsp; (\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0649)&nbsp;BQY, Prononc&eacute; as &quot;Bqy&quot;, &quot;\u0628\u0642\u064a&quot;<\/p>\n<p>\n\t\t\t&nbsp;Roi&nbsp; (\u0645\u0644\u0643)&nbsp;` MLK, Prononc&eacute; &quot;Malik&quot;, &quot;\u0645\u0644\u0643&quot;<\/p>\n<p>\n\t\t\t&nbsp;Roue (&nbsp;\u062f\u064f\u0648\u0644\u064e\u0627\u0628&nbsp;,&nbsp;\u0639\u064e\u062c\u064e\u0644\u064e\u0629)&nbsp;JLJL, Prononc&eacute; &quot;Jiljol&quot;, &quot;\u062c\u0644\u062c\u0644&quot;<\/p>\n<p>\n\t\t\t&nbsp;Route&nbsp; (\u0637\u064e\u0631\u0650\u064a\u0642)&nbsp;DRK, Prononc&eacute; &quot;Dariik&quot;, &quot;\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0643&quot;<\/p>\n<p>\n\t\t\t&nbsp;Sacrifice&nbsp; (\u0630\u064e\u0628\u0650\u064a\u062d\u064e\u0629&nbsp;,&nbsp;\u0636\u064e\u062d\u0650\u064a\u064e\u0651\u0629)&nbsp;`ZRM, Prononc&eacute; &quot;Izram&quot;, &quot;\u0625\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0645&quot;&nbsp; ZBh, Prononc&eacute; &quot;Zabeh&quot;, &quot;\u0632\u0628\u062d&quot;<\/p>\n<p>\n\t\t\t&nbsp;Sagesse&nbsp; (&nbsp;\u062d\u0650\u0643\u0652\u0645\u064e\u0629)&nbsp;\u1e22KMT, Prononc&eacute; &quot;\u1e22ikmat&quot;, &quot;\u062d\u0643\u0645\u062a&quot;<\/p>\n<p>\n\t\t\t&nbsp;Saint&nbsp; (\u0645\u064f\u0642\u064e\u062f\u064e\u0651\u0633)&nbsp;QDC, Prononc&eacute; &quot;Quddoc&quot;, &quot;\u0642\u062f\u0648\u0634&quot;<\/p>\n<p>\n\t\t\t&nbsp;Sanctuaire&nbsp;(\u0645\u064e\u0642\u064e\u0627\u0645&nbsp;,&nbsp;\u0645\u0642\u0652\u062f\u0650\u0633&nbsp;,&nbsp;\u0645\u064e\u0632\u064e\u0627\u0631)&nbsp;MQDC, Prononc&eacute; &quot;Maqdach&quot;, &quot;\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0634&quot;<\/p>\n<div>\n<p>\n\t\t\t\t&nbsp;Sang&nbsp;(\u062f\u0645)&nbsp;DM, Prononc&eacute; &quot;Demm&quot;, &quot;\u062f\u0645&quot;<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<p>\n\t\t\t&nbsp;Sans&nbsp; (&nbsp;\u0645\u0646&nbsp;\u062f\u0648\u0646)&nbsp;DL, Prononc&eacute; &quot;Dool&quot;, &quot;\u062f\u0648\u0648\u0644&quot;<\/p>\n<p>\n\t\t\t&nbsp;Savoir&nbsp; (\u0639\u064e\u0631\u064e\u0641\u064e)&nbsp;YDX, Prononc&eacute; &quot;Yidxe&quot;, &quot;\u064a\u062f\u0639\u064a&quot;<\/p>\n<p>\n\t\t\t&nbsp;Sceau, Cachet (\u062e\u064e\u062a\u0652\u0645)&nbsp;\u1e22TM, Prononc&eacute; &quot;\u1e22atm&quot;, &quot;\u062d\u062a\u0645&quot;&nbsp;&nbsp;\u1e6aTBXT,&nbsp;Prononc&eacute; &quot;\u1e6aabxat&quot; &quot;\u0637\u0628\u0639\u062a&quot;<\/p>\n<p>\n\t\t\t&nbsp;Se&nbsp;lever&nbsp; (\u0642\u0627\u0645)&nbsp;QM, Prononc&eacute; &quot;Qam&quot;, &quot;\u0642\u0627\u0645&quot;<\/p>\n<p>\n\t\t\t&nbsp;Se Souvenir&nbsp; (\u062a\u064e\u0630\u064e\u0643\u064e\u0651\u0631\u064e)&nbsp;YZKR, Prononc&eacute; &quot;Yzkur&quot;, &quot;\u064a\u0632\u0643\u0631&quot;<\/p>\n<p>\n\t\t\t&nbsp;Semence,&nbsp;graine&nbsp; (\u0628\u064e\u0630\u0652\u0631&nbsp;,&nbsp;\u0628\u064e\u0630\u0652\u0631\u064e\u0629&nbsp;,&nbsp;\u0628\u0650\u0632\u0652\u0631\u064e\u0629)&nbsp;ZRX, Prononc&eacute; &quot;Zarex&quot;, &quot;\u0632\u0631\u0639&quot;<\/p>\n<div>\n<p>\n\t\t\t\t&nbsp;Sentir&nbsp;(sentiment)&nbsp;(\u062a\u064e\u062d\u064e\u0633\u064e\u0651\u0633\u064e&nbsp;,&nbsp;\u062c\u064e\u0633\u064e\u0651&nbsp;,&nbsp;\u062d\u064e\u0633\u064e\u0651&nbsp;,&nbsp;\u0634\u064e\u0639\u064e\u0631\u064e)&nbsp;\u1e22hS, Prononc&eacute; &quot;Hiss&quot;, &quot;\u062d\u0633&quot;<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<p>\n\t\t\t&nbsp;Serviteur, Serveuse (\u062e\u064e\u0627\u062f\u0650\u0645\u064e\u0629\u064c)&nbsp;` XBD, Prononc&eacute; &quot;Xabd&quot;, &quot;\u0639\u0628\u062f&quot;<\/p>\n<p>\n\t\t\t&nbsp;Si&nbsp; (\u0625\u0650\u0630\u064e\u0627,&nbsp;\u0625\u0646)&nbsp;`M, Prononc&eacute; &quot;Ima&quot;, &quot;\u0625\u0645&quot;<\/p>\n<p>\n\t\t\t&nbsp;Soeur&nbsp; (\u0627\u062e\u062a)&nbsp;`\u1e22T, Prononc&eacute; &quot;Ikht&quot;, &quot;\u0625\u062d\u062a&quot;<\/p>\n<p>\n\t\t\t&nbsp;Soleil&nbsp; (\u0634\u0645\u0633)&nbsp;CMC, Prononc&eacute; &quot;Chamch&quot;, &quot;\u0634\u0645\u0634&quot;<\/p>\n<p>\n\t\t\t&nbsp;Source&nbsp; (\u0639\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0646)&nbsp;XN, Prononc&eacute; &quot;Xayn&quot;, &quot;\u0639\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0646&quot;<\/p>\n<p>\n\t\t\t&nbsp;Sous,&nbsp;Au-dessous de&nbsp; (\u062a\u062d\u062a) &quot;ThT&quot;, Prononc&eacute; &quot;Taht&quot; &quot;\u062a\u062d\u062a&quot;<\/p>\n<p>\n\t\t\t&nbsp;St&egrave;le&nbsp;fun&eacute;raire (\u0646\u0635\u0628&nbsp;\u062a\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0631\u064a)&nbsp;NSB, Prononc&eacute; &quot;Nasob&quot;, &quot;\u0646\u0635\u0628&quot;<\/p>\n<p>\n\t\t\t&nbsp;Sur,&nbsp;Au-dessus&nbsp; (\u0639\u0644\u0649)&nbsp;XL, Prononc&eacute; &quot;Xl&quot;, &quot;\u0639\u0644&quot;<\/p>\n<p>\n\t\t\t&nbsp;Tampon&nbsp; (\u062f\u064e\u0645\u064e\u063a\u064e&nbsp;,&nbsp;\u0631\u064e\u0634\u064e\u0645\u064e&nbsp;,&nbsp;\u0645\u064e\u0647\u064e\u0631\u064e)&nbsp;\u1e6aBX, Prononc&eacute; &quot;Tabax&quot;, &quot;\u0637\u0628\u0639&quot;<\/p>\n<div>\n<p>\n\t\t\t\t&nbsp;Tarif,&nbsp;honoraire, salaire&nbsp; (\u0623\u064e\u062a\u0652\u0639\u0627\u0628&nbsp;,&nbsp;\u0623\u064e\u062c\u0652\u0631&nbsp;,&nbsp;\u0623\u064f\u062c\u0652\u0631\u064e\u0629) &quot;`JRT&quot;, Prononc&eacute; &quot;Ujrat&quot;, &quot;\u0627\u062c\u0631\u062a&quot;<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<p>\n\t\t\t&nbsp;Tasse,&nbsp;coupe , calice&nbsp;&nbsp; (\u0643\u0623\u0633)&nbsp;NBL, Prononc&eacute; &quot;N&ecirc;bel&quot;, &quot;\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0644&quot;<\/p>\n<p>\n\t\t\t&nbsp;Temps&nbsp;de&nbsp; (\u0632\u064e\u0645\u064e\u0627\u0646)&nbsp;YM, Prononc&eacute; &quot;Yawm&quot;, &quot;\u064a\u0648\u0645&quot;,<\/p>\n<p>\n\t\t\t&nbsp;Temps,&nbsp;Heure&nbsp; (\u062f\u064e\u0648\u0652\u0631&nbsp;,&nbsp;\u062f\u064e\u0648\u0652\u0631\u064e\u0629&nbsp;,&nbsp;\u0632\u064e\u0645\u064e\u0627\u0646&nbsp;,&nbsp;\u0632\u064e\u0645\u064e\u0646&nbsp;,&nbsp;\u0637\u064e\u0648\u0652\u0631,&nbsp;\u0648\u0642\u062a)&nbsp;DR, Prononc&eacute; &quot;Dor&quot;, &quot;\u062f\u0648\u0631&quot;<\/p>\n<div>\n<p>\n\t\t\t\t&nbsp;Terre&nbsp;(\u0623\u0631\u0636)&nbsp;`RT, Prononc&eacute; &quot;Ars&quot; or &quot;Erth&quot; , &quot;\u0623\u0631\u0635&quot;<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<p>\n\t\t\t&nbsp;T&ecirc;te&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; (\u0631\u064e\u0623\u0652\u0633)&nbsp;R`C, Prononc&eacute; &quot;Ra`c&quot;, &quot;\u0631\u0623\u0634&quot;<\/p>\n<p>\n\t\t\t&nbsp;Tigre&nbsp; (\u0646\u0650\u0645\u0652\u0631)&nbsp;NMR, Prononc&eacute; &quot;Nimr&quot;, &quot;\u0646\u0645\u0631&quot;<\/p>\n<div>\n<p>\n\t\t\t\t&nbsp;Tombe&nbsp;(\u0642\u0628\u0631)&nbsp;QBR&quot;, Prononc&eacute; &quot;Qabar&quot;, &quot;\u0642\u0628\u0631&quot;<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<p>\n\t\t\t&nbsp;Tout&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; (\u0643\u0644)&nbsp;KL, Prononc&eacute; &quot;Kil&quot;, &quot;\u0643\u0644&quot;&nbsp; Voir aussi : Chaque<\/p>\n<p>\n\t\t\t&nbsp;Trembler&nbsp; (\u0627\u0650\u0631\u0652\u062a\u064e\u062c\u064e\u0641\u064e&nbsp;,&nbsp;\u0627\u0650\u0631\u0652\u062a\u064e\u0639\u064e\u0634\u064e)&nbsp;RXC, Prononc&eacute; &quot;Raach&quot;, &quot;\u0631\u0639\u0634&quot;<\/p>\n<p>\n\t\t\t&nbsp;Triomphe&nbsp;&nbsp;(\u0646\u064e\u0635\u064e\u0631\u064e)&nbsp;N\u1e60R, Prononc&eacute; &quot;Nasar&quot;, &quot;\u0646\u0635\u0631&quot;<\/p>\n<p>\n\t\t\t&nbsp;Tu&nbsp;(&nbsp;\u0627\u0646\u062a)&nbsp;`T, Prononc&eacute; &quot;Itta&quot;, &quot;\u0625\u062a\u0627&quot;<\/p>\n<p>\n\t\t\t&nbsp;Tunique&nbsp; (\u0633\u064f\u062a\u0652\u0631\u064e\u0629)&nbsp;KTN, Prononc&eacute; &quot;Kitten&quot;, &quot;\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0646&quot;<\/p>\n<p>\n\t\t\t&nbsp;Un&nbsp; (\u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f)&nbsp;`\u1e22HD, Prononc&eacute; &quot;`Ahad&quot;, &quot;\u0627\u062d\u062f&quot;<\/p>\n<p>\n\t\t\t&nbsp;Vall&eacute;e&nbsp; (\u0648\u0627\u062f)&nbsp;XMQ, Prononc&eacute; &quot;Xammiq&quot;, &quot;\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0642&quot;<\/p>\n<div>\n<p>\n\t\t\t\t&nbsp;Veau&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;XGL&nbsp;, Prononc&eacute; &quot;Xijil&quot;, &quot;\u0639\u062c\u0644&quot;<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<p>\n\t\t\t&nbsp;Venger&nbsp; (\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0645) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;NQM, Prononc&eacute; &quot;Naqam&quot;, &quot;\u0646\u0642\u0645&quot;<\/p>\n<p>\n\t\t\t&nbsp;Vente&nbsp; (\u0645\u064e\u0628\u0650\u064a\u0639)&nbsp;BXT, Prononc&eacute; &quot;Bayxat&quot;, &quot;\u0628\u064a\u0639\u062a&quot;<\/p>\n<p>\n\t\t\t&nbsp;Ventre&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; (\u0628\u0637\u0646) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;BTN, Prononc&eacute; &quot;Batn&quot;, &quot;\u0628\u0637\u0646&quot; ;&nbsp; KRC, Prononc&eacute; &quot;Kirch&quot;, &quot;\u0643\u0631\u0634&quot;<\/p>\n<p>\n\t\t\t&nbsp;Village&nbsp; (\u0636\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0639\u064e\u0629&nbsp;,&nbsp;\u0642\u064e\u0631\u0652\u064a\u064e\u0629)&nbsp;KPR, Prononc&eacute; &quot;Kapr&quot;, &quot;\u0643\u0641\u0631&quot;&nbsp;&nbsp;WT, Prononc&eacute; &quot;\u1e22awta&quot;, &quot;\u062d\u0648\u062a\u0627&quot;<\/p>\n<p>\n\t\t\t&nbsp;Vin rouge&nbsp; (&nbsp;\u062e\u064e\u0645\u0652\u0631&nbsp;,&nbsp;\u0646\u064e\u0628\u0650\u064a\u0630)&nbsp;\u1e22MR, Prononc&eacute; &quot;\u1e22amr&quot;, &quot;\u062d\u0645\u0631&quot;<\/p>\n<p>\n\t\t\t&nbsp;Vivant&nbsp; (\u062d\u064e\u064a\u0650\u064a\u064e&nbsp;,&nbsp;\u0639\u0627\u0634\u064e)&nbsp;\u1e22HYY, Prononc&eacute; &quot;Hayi&quot;, &quot;\u062d\u064a\u064a&quot;<\/p>\n<p>\n\t\t\t&nbsp;v&oelig;u,&nbsp;jurer&nbsp; (\u0646\u0630\u0631)&nbsp;NDR, Prononc&eacute; &quot;Nidir&quot;, &quot;\u0646\u062f\u0631&quot; ou Prononc&eacute; &quot;Nadar&quot;, &quot;\u0646\u062f\u0631&quot;<\/p>\n<p>\n\t\t\t&nbsp;Voiture&nbsp; (\u0639\u064e\u0631\u064e\u0628\u064e\u0629&nbsp;,&nbsp;\u0645\u064e\u0631\u0652\u0643\u064e\u0628\u064e\u0629)&nbsp;XGLT, Prononc&eacute; &quot;Xajlit&quot;, &quot;\u0639\u062c\u0644\u062a&quot;<\/p>\n<p>\n\t\t\t&nbsp;Voix&nbsp; (\u0635\u0648\u062a) &quot;QL&quot; Prononc&eacute; &quot;Qawl&quot;, &quot;\u0642\u0648\u0644&quot;<\/p>\n<p>\n\t\t\t&nbsp;Voler, d&eacute;rober&nbsp;(\u0633\u0631\u0642)&nbsp;JNB, Prononc&eacute; &quot;Janab&quot;, &quot;\u062c\u0646\u0628&quot;<\/p>\n<p>\n\t\t\t&nbsp;<\/p>\n<div>\n<p>\n\t\t\t\tConclusion<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<div>\n<p>\n\t\t\t\tDurant environ deux mille ans, la langue punico-berb&egrave;re a &eacute;t&eacute; la langue de communication des populations maghr&eacute;bines des cit&eacute;s et des zones c&ocirc;ti&egrave;res. C&rsquo;&eacute;tait aussi la langue du commerce tout autour de la M&eacute;diterran&eacute;e. Elle a &eacute;t&eacute; la langue de prestige et de diplomatie pratiqu&eacute;e par les contemporains d&rsquo;Hannibal et de Massinissa.&nbsp;<br \/>\n\t\t\t\tLes langues arabe et maghr&eacute;bia sont issues d&rsquo;un tronc commun&nbsp;: la langue ph&eacute;nicienne.&nbsp;L&rsquo;arabe &laquo; classique &raquo; que nous connaissons aujourd&rsquo;hui date du V si&egrave;cle apr&egrave;s J.-C.&nbsp;Donc, la langue maghr&eacute;bia a pr&eacute;c&eacute;d&eacute; la langue arabe de plus de mille ans, il est donc absurde de pr&eacute;tendre que la langue maghr&eacute;bia est un dialecte de la langue arabe. C&rsquo;est, historiquement, faux.&nbsp;Les mots communs&nbsp;aux langues arabe et maghr&eacute;bia sont, &agrave; l&#39;&eacute;vidence, des mots maghr&eacute;bis et non pas arabes.&nbsp;Il est plus juste de dire que la langue arabe est un dialecte de la langue maghribia : en venant au Maghreb, les Arabes ont d&eacute;couvert&nbsp;une&nbsp;langue &quot;a&iuml;eule&quot; de la langue arabe, mais qui est apparue1000 ans avant la langue arabe.<\/p>\n<p>\n\t\t\t\t&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\t\t\t\tDepuis ces temps pr&eacute;historiques, la langue maghr&eacute;bia&nbsp;&#8211;&nbsp;tant m&eacute;pris&eacute;e par les autorit&eacute;s politiques maghr&eacute;bines, toutes tendances confondues&nbsp;&#8211;&nbsp;&nbsp;perdure et continue &agrave; vivre. Malgr&eacute; toutes les lois et toutes les d&eacute;clarations pompeuses, la langue arabe n&#39;a pas &eacute;t&eacute; et ne sera probablement jamais la langue maternelle de quiconque, ni au Maghreb, ni au Machrek.&nbsp;<br \/>\n\t\t\t\tNous avons que, g&eacute;n&eacute;tiquement, les&nbsp;Maghr&eacute;bins ne sont pas des Arabes,&nbsp;nous constatons ici que, linguistiquement, ils ne le sont pas non plus. Ils sont, tout simplement, Maghr&eacute;bins.<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Parlez-vous Carthaginois ? &nbsp; La langue maghr&eacute;bia date de plus de 25 si&egrave;cles !! La Numidie carthaginoise (Alg&eacute;rie &ndash; Tunisie) a jou&eacute; un tr&egrave;s grand r&ocirc;le dans le monde antique. Elle a eu une forte influence culturelle au cours d&#39;un itin&eacute;raire marqu&eacute; par une grande long&eacute;vit&eacute; historique (plus de 1.000 ans). La place privil&eacute;gi&eacute;e qu&#39;elle&hellip;&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":18170,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"neve_meta_sidebar":"","neve_meta_container":"","neve_meta_enable_content_width":"","neve_meta_content_width":0,"neve_meta_title_alignment":"","neve_meta_author_avatar":"","neve_post_elements_order":"","neve_meta_disable_header":"","neve_meta_disable_footer":"","neve_meta_disable_title":"","_themeisle_gutenberg_block_has_review":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[105,335,19,18,28,9,1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-6999","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-alberta","category-christophe-colomb","category-europe","category-histoire","category-maroc","category-tunisie","category-uncategorized"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/harissa.com\/news-wp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6999","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/harissa.com\/news-wp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/harissa.com\/news-wp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/harissa.com\/news-wp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/harissa.com\/news-wp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=6999"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/harissa.com\/news-wp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6999\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/harissa.com\/news-wp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/18170"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/harissa.com\/news-wp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=6999"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/harissa.com\/news-wp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=6999"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/harissa.com\/news-wp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=6999"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}