{"id":72014,"date":"2026-06-07T18:29:15","date_gmt":"2026-06-07T18:29:15","guid":{"rendered":""},"modified":"2026-06-07T18:29:15","modified_gmt":"2026-06-07T18:29:15","slug":"21-juin-1306-le-jour-ou-philippe-le-bel-a-expulse-les-juifs-de-france","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/harissa.com\/news-wp\/21-juin-1306-le-jour-ou-philippe-le-bel-a-expulse-les-juifs-de-france\/","title":{"rendered":"21 juin 1306 : Le jour o\u00f9 Philippe le Bel a expuls\u00e9 les juifs de France"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"field-items field field-name-body field-type-text-with-summary field-label-hidden\">\n<p>21 juin 1306 : Le jour o\u00f9 Philippe le Bel a expuls\u00e9 les juifs de France<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Philippe IV est aux abois. \u00c0 force de guerroyer en Flandre, il a vid\u00e9 le tr\u00e9sor royal. Il lui faut d&rsquo;urgence le renflouer. Comment faire ? Ses conseillers lui soufflent de piquer le tr\u00e9sor des Templiers et de confisquer les biens des richissimes banquiers lombards, mais cela ne suffit pas \u00e0 combler le trou. Restent les juifs, enrichis par l&rsquo;usure !<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Et si on les expulsait pour s&#8217;emparer de leurs biens et surtout pour r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer les sommes \u00e9normes dues par leurs d\u00e9biteurs ? Le roi ferait m\u00eame d&rsquo;une pierre deux coups, puisqu&rsquo;en expulsant les Juifs il affirmerait son autorit\u00e9 royale aux d\u00e9pens des grands seigneurs du royaume qui osent pr\u00e9tendre que les juifs leur \u00ab appartiennent \u00bb. <strong>Le 21 juin 1306, une ordonnance royale d\u00e9cr\u00e8te la saisie des biens des juifs, \u00e0 moins qu&rsquo;ils ne se convertissent au catholicisme. \u00c0 l&rsquo;\u00e9poque, le royaume de France en compte 100 000.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Dans tout le pays, Philippe IV envoie des \u00ab commissaires aux affaires des juifs \u00bb \u2013 environ 114 \u2013 pour mettre \u00e0 ex\u00e9cution son plan. Bien entendu, la majorit\u00e9 des enfants d&rsquo;Isra\u00ebl refuse de se convertir. Les voil\u00e0 donc arr\u00eat\u00e9s, puis invit\u00e9s \u00e0 quitter le pays. Ils prennent la route pour l&rsquo;Italie, la Savoie, l&rsquo;Allemagne, l&rsquo;Alsace, la Provence&#8230; Dans leur nouvelle patrie, les exil\u00e9s prennent le nom du pays ou de la ville dont ils sont originaires : les Tsarfati (mot signifiant Fran\u00e7ais en H\u00e9breux), les Bedersi (de B\u00e9ziers), les Narboni (de Narbonne)&#8230; Leurs maisons, terres, meubles, v\u00eatements et bijoux saisis par les commissaires sont revendus aux ench\u00e8res. Mais les commissaires comptent surtout r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer les cr\u00e9ances dues aux usuriers juifs. Il y a l\u00e0 un butin \u00e9norme \u00e0 se faire. Ils s&#8217;emparent donc des livres de comptes.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Volte-face<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Mauvaise surprise : ceux-ci sont r\u00e9dig\u00e9s en h\u00e9breu. Incompr\u00e9hensibles. Et, quand les d\u00e9biteurs chr\u00e9tiens sont enfin identifi\u00e9s, ils minorent leurs dettes ou pr\u00e9tendent carr\u00e9ment les avoir d\u00e9j\u00e0 rembours\u00e9es. Sans compter les grands seigneurs qui multiplient les proc\u00e8s contre le roi pour spoliation, consid\u00e9rant que les biens des juifs leur appartiennent. Finalement, un conseiller du roi propose de faire revenir les juifs pour qu&rsquo;ils identifient leurs d\u00e9biteurs en \u00e9change d&rsquo;une petite partie des sommes r\u00e9cup\u00e9r\u00e9es. Peine perdue, \u00e0 peine une poign\u00e9e d&rsquo;entre eux acceptent le deal. Le dur travail de recouvrement des dettes des juifs s&rsquo;\u00e9tale sur une vingtaine d&rsquo;ann\u00e9es, bien apr\u00e8s la mort du roi. Au bout du compte, en 1325, l&rsquo;administration royale renonce \u00e0 poursuivre les frais, repassant le \u00ab b\u00e9b\u00e9 \u00bb aux autorit\u00e9s provinciales.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Entre-temps, Louis le Hutin est mont\u00e9 sur le tr\u00f4ne de France. Il tente de faire revenir les bannis de 1306, sans doute pour qu&rsquo;ils reconstituent leur fortune, afin de pouvoir ainsi de nouveau la saisir. Il leur fixe un temps de r\u00e9sidence de douze ans, leur demande un droit d&rsquo;entr\u00e9e de 220 000 livres et un imp\u00f4t annuel de 10 000 livres. Bon prince, il s&rsquo;engage \u00e0 leur restituer les synagogues et les cimeti\u00e8res confisqu\u00e9s en 1306. Mieux encore : les juifs peuvent conserver le tiers des cr\u00e9ances qu&rsquo;ils auront r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer, mais \u00e0 condition de pratiquer un taux d&rsquo;usure raisonnable. C&rsquo;est-\u00e0-dire inf\u00e9rieur \u00e0&#8230; 43 %. Le r\u00e9pit est de courte dur\u00e9e puisqu&rsquo;<strong>en 1321 les Juifs sont de nouveau expuls\u00e9s par Philippe V dit le Long, et cette fois-ci non pour spoliation, mais sous la pression de l&rsquo;opinion publique devenue antis\u00e9mite.<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"field-items field field-name-field-source field-type-link-field field-label-hidden\">\n<div class=\"source-container\">Source : Le Point<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>21 juin 1306 : Le jour o\u00f9 Philippe le Bel a expuls\u00e9 les juifs de France &nbsp; Philippe IV est aux abois. \u00c0 force de guerroyer en Flandre, il a vid\u00e9 le tr\u00e9sor royal. Il lui faut d&rsquo;urgence le renflouer. Comment faire ? Ses conseillers lui soufflent de piquer le tr\u00e9sor des Templiers et de&hellip;&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":72015,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"neve_meta_sidebar":"","neve_meta_container":"","neve_meta_enable_content_width":"","neve_meta_content_width":0,"neve_meta_title_alignment":"","neve_meta_author_avatar":"","neve_post_elements_order":"","neve_meta_disable_header":"","neve_meta_disable_footer":"","neve_meta_disable_title":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-72014","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.6 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>21 juin 1306 : Le jour o\u00f9 Philippe le Bel a expuls\u00e9 les juifs de France | HARISSA.COM<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"21 juin 1306 : Le jour o\u00f9 Philippe le Bel a expuls\u00e9 les juifs de France &nbsp; 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